{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T01:30:50Z","timestamp":1783819850397,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011690","name":"Valio Ltd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006697","name":"Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006697","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalofdairyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T20:21:56Z","timestamp":1677788516000},"page":"2846-2856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Necropsy-based study on dairy cow mortality\u2014Underlying causes of death"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7008-0825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.A.","family":"Hagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9987-5143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.S.","family":"Nordgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8901-6866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Aaltonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2298-5301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Sarjokari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1796-8811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Rautala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2344-2755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Sironen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8992-1695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Sukura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4813-5097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.J.","family":"Rajala-Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13096","article-title":"A descriptive retrospective study on mortality and involuntary culling in beef and dairy cattle production systems of Western Australia (1981\u20132018)","volume":"99","author":"Aleri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731114001633","article-title":"Farm characteristics related to on-farm cow mortality in dairy herds: A questionnaire study","volume":"8","author":"Alv\u00e5sen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.027953","article-title":"Histological examination has a major impact on macroscopic necropsy diagnoses","volume":"58","author":"Bernardi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11302","article-title":"Invited review: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of mortality and culling in dairy cattle","volume":"100","author":"Compton","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2009.01240.x","article-title":"Usefulness of systematic histological examination in routine forensic autopsy","volume":"55","author":"De La Grandmaison","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.140.2.36","article-title":"Culling in 50 dairy herds in England","volume":"140","author":"Esslemont","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4729","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13730","article-title":"Invited review: Incidence, risk factors, and effects of clinical mastitis recurrence in dairy cows","volume":"101","author":"Jamali","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13124","article-title":"Economic costs of recorded reasons for cow mortality and culling in a pasture-based dairy industry","volume":"101","author":"Kerslake","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1258\/rsmmsl.46.4.310","article-title":"The use of histology in 638 coronial post-mortem examinations of adults: An audit","volume":"46","author":"Langlois","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Law"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2007.07.006","article-title":"Performing the field necropsy examination","volume":"23","author":"Mason","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14335","article-title":"Histopathology at autopsy: Why bother?","volume":"79","author":"Matkowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib13","first-page":"64","article-title":"Dairy cow mortality data management: The dairy certificate of death","volume":"51","author":"McConnel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bov. Pract."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731115000385","article-title":"Herd factors associated with dairy cow mortality","volume":"9","author":"McConnel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2296","article-title":"Conceptual modeling of postmortem evaluation findings to describe dairy cow deaths","volume":"93","author":"McConnel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1505","article-title":"A necropsy-based descriptive study of dairy cow deaths on a Colorado dairy","volume":"92","author":"McConnel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib17","author":"Nokka"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2572","article-title":"Dynamics of culling risk with disposal codes reported by dairy herd improvement dairy herds","volume":"93","author":"Pinedo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-020-0513-x","article-title":"Herd-level risk factors for cow and calf on-farm mortality in Estonian dairy herds","volume":"62","author":"Reimus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02384-6","article-title":"Culling reasons and risk factors in Estonian dairy cows","volume":"16","author":"Rilanto","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6253","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13420","article-title":"On-farm deaths of dairy cows are associated with features of freestall barns","volume":"101","author":"Sarjokari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib22","first-page":"92","article-title":"Herd-level factors associated with longevity in Swedish dairy cattle","volume":"66","author":"Strandberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Agric. Scand. A Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5798","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5625","article-title":"Necropsy as a means to gain additional information about causes of dairy cow deaths","volume":"95","author":"Thomsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2006.9695218","article-title":"Dairy cow mortality. A review","volume":"28","author":"Thomsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2018.06.021","article-title":"Cow mortality as an indicator of animal welfare in dairy herds","volume":"119","author":"Thomsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2003.09.002","article-title":"Mortality (including euthanasia) among Danish dairy cows (1990\u20132001)","volume":"62","author":"Thomsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2017.01.003","article-title":"The Post-mortem examination in ruminants and its possible benefit to ruminant clinical medicine","volume":"156","author":"W\u00e4sle","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22466_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.163.18.531","article-title":"Review of diagnostic laboratory submissions of adult cattle \u201cfound dead\u201d in England and Wales in 2004","volume":"163","author":"Watson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030223000875?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030223000875?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030223000875","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T21:35:34Z","timestamp":1731101734000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030223000875"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022030223000875"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2022-22466","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Necropsy-based study on dairy cow mortality\u2014Underlying causes of death","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dairy Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2022-22466","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}