{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:57:48Z","timestamp":1789707468903,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020298","name":"Balchem Corp","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P0144063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0144063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020298","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010221","name":"Higher Education Commision, Pakistan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010221","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalofdairyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T19:41:22Z","timestamp":1692819682000},"page":"7630-7650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Rumen-protected choline reduces hepatic lipidosis by increasing hepatic triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein secretion in dairy cows"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"U.","family":"Arshad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Husnain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.B.","family":"Poindexter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Zimpel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.D.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.E.P.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2019.1659608","article-title":"De novo phosphatidylcholine synthesis is required for autophagosome membrane formation and maintenance during autophagy","volume":"16","author":"Andrejeva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.05.015","article-title":"Recent insights on the role of cholesterol in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"1852","author":"Arguello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6860","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-23270","article-title":"Effect of source and amount of rumen-protected choline on hepatic metabolism during induction of fatty liver in dairy cows","volume":"106","author":"Arshad","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5393","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21031","article-title":"Hepatic triacylglycerol associations with production and health in dairy cows","volume":"105","author":"Arshad","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-16842","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the effects of supplemental rumen-protected choline during the transition period on performance and health of parous dairy cows","volume":"103","author":"Arshad","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib6","series-title":"Choline: A required nutrient for hepatic metabolism and performance in dairy cows","author":"Arshad","year":"2023"},{"issue":"W1","key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W147","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw419","article-title":"Heatmapper: Web-enabled heat mapping for all","volume":"44","author":"Babicki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)40142-7","article-title":"Swelling of rat hepatocytes stimulates glycogen synthesis","volume":"265","author":"Baquet","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(95)76821-7","article-title":"Growth and accretion of energy and protein in the gravid uterus during late pregnancy in Holstein cows","volume":"78","author":"Bell","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73446-3","article-title":"Invited review: Pathology, etiology, prevention, and treatment of fatty liver in dairy cows","volume":"87","author":"Bobe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4192","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17294","article-title":"Effects of rumen-protected choline on the inflammatory and metabolic status and health of dairy cows during the transition period","volume":"103","author":"Bollatti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1964.tb00553.x","article-title":"An analysis of transformations","volume":"26","author":"Box","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. B"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171080","article-title":"Choline and methionine differentially alter methyl carbon metabolism in bovine neonatal hepatocytes","volume":"12","author":"Chandler","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217160","article-title":"Glucose metabolism is differentially altered by choline and methionine in bovine neonatal hepatocytes","volume":"14","author":"Chandler","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-028","article-title":"Supplemental choline for prevention and alleviation of fatty liver in dairy cattle","volume":"90","author":"Cooke","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1960499","article-title":"On the insensitivity of sheep to the almost complete microbial destruction of dietary choline before alimentary tract absorption","volume":"196","author":"Dawson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9732","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11382","article-title":"Choline absorption and evaluation of bioavailability markers when supplementing choline to lactating dairy cows","volume":"99","author":"de Veth","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib18","series-title":"The 5-point body condition scoring system. Bulletin AI 10752","author":"Elanco Animal Health","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1556\/avet.2012.053","article-title":"Influence of rumen-protected choline on liver composition and blood variables indicating energy balance in periparturient dairy cows","volume":"61","author":"Elek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Hung."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/122.suppl_3.832","article-title":"Metabolism of long chain fatty acids by ruminant liver","volume":"122","author":"Emery","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(94)77212-X","article-title":"Principal descriptors of body condition score in Holstein cows","volume":"77","author":"Ferguson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.3.814","article-title":"Regulation of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins by dietary soluble fiber in guinea pigs","volume":"65","author":"Fernandez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5","article-title":"A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues","volume":"226","author":"Folch","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/19.3.338","article-title":"Stable reagents for determination of serum triglycerides by a colorimetric Hantzsch condensation method","volume":"19","author":"Foster","year":"1973","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge","volume":"18","author":"Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.32","article-title":"Lipid droplets and liver disease: From basic biology to clinical implications","volume":"14","author":"Gluchowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5396","article-title":"Effect of rumen-protected choline supplementation on liver and adipose gene expression during the transition period in dairy cattle","volume":"96","author":"Goselink","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8111358","article-title":"Why bile acids are so important in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression","volume":"8","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib29","series-title":"Proc. Florida Ruminant Nutr. Symp","first-page":"27","article-title":"Choline: A limiting nutrient for transition dairy cows","author":"Grummer","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/21.5.983","article-title":"Dietary choline restriction causes complex I dysfunction and increased H2O2 generation in liver mitochondria","volume":"21","author":"Hensley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)32526-8","article-title":"Evidence that microsomal triglyceride transfer protein is limiting in the production of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in hepatic cells","volume":"39","author":"Jamil","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11991","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.21.11991","article-title":"An inhibitor of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibits apoB secretion from HepG2 cells","volume":"93","author":"Jamil","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15208","article-title":"Perilipin 5 promotes hepatic steatosis in dairy cows through increasing lipid synthesis and decreasing very low-density lipoprotein assembly","volume":"102","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.2527\/1993.713753x","article-title":"Technical note: An improved method to quantify nonesterified fatty acids in bovine plasma","volume":"71","author":"Johnson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.68.033104.152158","article-title":"LXRS and FXR: The yin and yang of cholesterol and fat metabolism","volume":"68","author":"Kalaany","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5481","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-7926","article-title":"Cholesterol metabolism, transport, and hepatic regulation in dairy cows during transition and early lactation","volume":"97","author":"Kessler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638711425943","article-title":"The collection of lymphatic fluid from the bovine udder and its use for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the cow","volume":"24","author":"Khol","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2760(98)00072-1","article-title":"The role of dietary choline in the beneficial effects of lecithin on the secretion of biliary lipids in rats","volume":"1393","author":"LeBlanc","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Lipids Lipid Metab."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2015.07.011","article-title":"SREBP-1c overactivates ROS-mediated hepatic NF-\u03baB inflammatory pathway in dairy cows with fatty liver","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.3.475","article-title":"Effect of deoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid on lipid peroxidation in cultured macrophages","volume":"39","author":"Ljubuncic","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)42721-X","article-title":"Choline-deficiency fatty liver: Impaired release of hepatic triglycerides","volume":"9","author":"Lombardi","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(02)74308-7","article-title":"Metabolic fate of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids and their effects on palmitic acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis in bovine hepatocytes","volume":"85","author":"Mashek","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27839","article-title":"Hepatic lipid droplet biology: Getting to the root of fatty liver","volume":"62","author":"Mashek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(64)90308-X","article-title":"The influence of ethionine, methionine, choline, and related compounds on liver glycogen deposition in adrenalectomized rats: Relation to the mode of action of glucocorticoids","volume":"107","author":"Munck","year":"1964","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib45","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle","author":"NASEM (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine)","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib46","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle","author":"NRC","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(74)90248-6","article-title":"A comparison of three methods of glycogen measurement in tissues","volume":"60","author":"Passonneau","year":"1974","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73758-8","article-title":"Liver metabolism and production of cows fed increasing amounts of rumen-protected choline during the periparturient period","volume":"86","author":"Piepenbrink","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2008.0226x","article-title":"Data transformation in statistical analysis of field trials with changing treatment variance","volume":"101","author":"Piepho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib50","first-page":"1","article-title":"Early postmortem metabolism and protease activation in fast glycolytic and slow oxidative bovine muscles","volume":"5","author":"Ramos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Meat Muscle Biol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M800042-JLR200","article-title":"Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in mice fed a lipogenic methionine choline-deficient diet","volume":"49","author":"Rinella","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1957.188.2.399","article-title":"Effect of triton on lipoprotein lipase of rat plasma","volume":"188","author":"Schotz","year":"1957","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1056","article-title":"Hepatic lipophagy: New insights into autophagic catabolism of lipid droplets in the liver","volume":"1","author":"Schulze","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(88)79860-4","article-title":"Effects of high amounts of dietary choline supplementation on duodenal choline flow and production responses of dairy cows","volume":"71","author":"Sharma","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(75)84528-0","article-title":"Lipid composition of bovine serum lipoproteins","volume":"58","author":"Stead","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2009.04.008","article-title":"A powerful and flexible linear mixed model framework for the analysis of relative quantification RT-PCR data","volume":"94","author":"Steibel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(98)75629-2","article-title":"Effect of long-chain fatty acids on triglyceride accumulation, gluconeogenesis, and ureagenesis in bovine hepatocytes","volume":"81","author":"Strang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2017.07.009","article-title":"The perilipin family of lipid droplet proteins: Gatekeepers of intracellular lipolysis","volume":"1862","author":"Sztalryd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10635","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.706200","article-title":"The methionine transamination pathway controls hepatic glucose metabolism through regulation of the GCN5 acetyltransferase and the PGC-1\u03b1 transcriptional coactivator","volume":"291","author":"Tavares","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)32437-8","article-title":"Hepatic overexpression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) results in increased in vivo secretion of VLDL triglycerides and apolipoprotein B","volume":"40","author":"Tietge","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(71)85823-X","article-title":"Alterations in blood and milk lipids produced by administration of Triton WR-1339","volume":"54","author":"Wrenn","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"issue":"Web Server issue","key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W652","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp356","article-title":"MetaboAnalyst: A web server for metabolomic data analysis and interpretation","volume":"37","author":"Xia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"W1","key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W251","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv380","article-title":"MetaboAnalyst 3.0\u2014Making metabolomics more meaningful","volume":"43","author":"Xia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-7-85","article-title":"Statistical analysis of real-time PCR data","volume":"7","author":"Yuan","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5902","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13973","article-title":"Feeding increasing amounts of ruminally protected choline decreased fatty liver in nonlactating, pregnant Holstein cows in negative energy status","volume":"101","author":"Zenobi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23182_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13327","article-title":"Effects of supplementation with ruminally protected choline on performance of multiparous Holstein cows did not depend upon prepartum caloric intake","volume":"101","author":"Zenobi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030223004770?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030223004770?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030223004770","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T19:31:33Z","timestamp":1762198293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030223004770"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022030223004770"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2022-23182","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rumen-protected choline reduces hepatic lipidosis by increasing hepatic triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein secretion in dairy cows","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dairy Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2022-23182","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}