{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T19:15:17Z","timestamp":1779909317721,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalofdairyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T01:47:03Z","timestamp":1713491223000},"page":"7079-7091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of 2 wintering practices on behavioral and physiological indicators of welfare of nonlactating, pregnant dairy cattle in a pasture-based system"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2893-3465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.E.","family":"Sch\u00fctz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Latimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0684-9457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.B.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.J.","family":"Huddart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.-R.","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1884-6533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.J.","family":"Kells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4800-994X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.R.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9469-2770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.M.","family":"Monaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3880","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1159","article-title":"Impact of intake water temperatures on reticular temperatures of lactating dairy cows","volume":"91","author":"Bewley","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3508","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-19439","article-title":"Provision of shelter during the prepartum period: Effects on behavior, blood analytes, and health status in dairy cows in winter","volume":"104","author":"Cartes","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11972","article-title":"Muddy conditions reduce hygiene and lying time in dairy cattle and increase time spent on concrete","volume":"100","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib4","first-page":"237","article-title":"Pasture growth and quality on Southland and Otago dairy farms","volume":"74","author":"Dalley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. N. Z. Grassl. Assoc."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2008.01467.x","article-title":"The use of leukocyte profiles to measure stress in vertebrates: A review for ecologists","volume":"22","author":"Davis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas93-021","article-title":"Rate of metabolic heat production and rectal temperature of steers exposed to simulated mud and rain conditions","volume":"73","author":"Degen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859696003929","article-title":"The energy expenditure of cattle and buffaloes walking and working in different soil conditions","volume":"128","author":"Dijkman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib8","article-title":"Welfare of dairy cows","volume":"21","author":"EFSA AHAW Panel (EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Animal Welfare)","year":"2023","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(02)00240-X","article-title":"The effects of surface type on lying behaviour and stress responses of dairy cows during periodic weather-induced removal from pasture","volume":"81","author":"Fisher","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1080\/00288233.1978.10427449","article-title":"Effects of winter weather on the growth rate and heat production of dairy cattle","volume":"21","author":"Holmes","year":"1978","journal-title":"N. Z. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-2743.2009.00231.x","article-title":"Management options to decrease phosphorus and sediment losses from irrigated cropland grazed by cattle and sheep","volume":"25","author":"McDowell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soil Use Manage."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(85)90010-3","article-title":"The reaction of cows to a short-term deprivation of lying","volume":"13","author":"Metz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1080\/00288233.2017.1345763","article-title":"Grazing strategies for reducing contaminant losses to water from forage crop fields grazed by cattle during winter","volume":"60","author":"Monaghan","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Z. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib14","first-page":"6","article-title":"Effects of mud-wind-rain on beef cattle performance in feed lot","volume":"24","author":"Morrison","year":"1970","journal-title":"Calif. Agric."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib15","author":"MPI (Ministry for Primary Industries)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of confinement area on production, physiological parameters and behaviour of Friesian cows during winter in a temperate climate","volume":"26","author":"Muller","year":"1996","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib17","first-page":"172","article-title":"Deprivation of lying down affects behaviour and pituitary-adrenal axis responses in young bulls","volume":"49","author":"Munksgaard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Agric. Scand. A Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2004.11.005","article-title":"Quantifying behavioural priorities\u2014Effects of time constraints on behaviour of dairy cows, Bos taurus","volume":"92","author":"Munksgaard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas93-087","article-title":"Effects of social and physical stressors on growth hormone levels in dairy cows","volume":"73","author":"Munksgaard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8298","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-21819","article-title":"Behavior of dairy cows managed outdoors in winter: Effects of weather and paddock soil conditions","volume":"105","author":"Neave","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib21","first-page":"577","article-title":"Wearable and compact wireless sensor nodes for measuring the temperature of the base of a calf's tail","volume":"25","author":"Nogami","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sens. Mater."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9050257","article-title":"Cow lying behaviour and bedding quality changes during five weeks on a stand-off pad","volume":"9","author":"O'Connor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib23","author":"PAACO"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib24","first-page":"497","article-title":"Haemolytic anaemia in ruminants fed forage brassicas: A review","volume":"25","author":"Prache","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2713","article-title":"Effects of sawdust bedding dry matter on lying behavior of dairy cows: A dose-dependent response","volume":"93","author":"Reich","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3076","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73441-4","article-title":"Relationships among international body condition scoring systems","volume":"87","author":"Roche","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14792","article-title":"Effects of 3 surface types on dairy cattle behavior, preference, and hygiene","volume":"102","author":"Sch\u00fctz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-7310","article-title":"Effects of short-term repeated exposure to different flooring surfaces on the behavior and physiology of dairy cattle","volume":"97","author":"Sch\u00fctz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.33584\/jnzg.2020.82.444","article-title":"Nitrogen leaching losses from fodder beet and kale crops grazed by dairy cows in southern Southland","volume":"82","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. N. Z. Grassl."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2013.04.018","article-title":"Effects of two substrate types on the behaviour, cleanliness and thermoregulation of dairy calves","volume":"147","author":"Sutherland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-18074","article-title":"Invited review: Lying time and the welfare of dairy cows","volume":"104","author":"Tucker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2006.06.009","article-title":"Effects of shelter and body condition on the behaviour and physiology of dairy cattle in winter","volume":"105","author":"Tucker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24441_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600031948","article-title":"Assessment of welfare from physiological and behavioural responses of New Zealand dairy cows exposed to cold and wet conditions","volume":"17","author":"Webster","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim. Welf."}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030224007586?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030224007586?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030224007586","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T19:51:53Z","timestamp":1732650713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030224007586"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022030224007586"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2023-24441","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of 2 wintering practices on behavioral and physiological indicators of welfare of nonlactating, pregnant dairy cattle in a pasture-based system","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dairy Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2023-24441","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}