{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:30:07Z","timestamp":1753889407870,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010712","name":"Agricultural and Horticultural Development Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010712","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/S002960\/1","BB\/S002944\/1","BB\/S003614\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/S002960\/1","BB\/S002944\/1","BB\/S003614\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalofdairyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T02:34:01Z","timestamp":1716431641000},"page":"7230-7244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A prospective cohort study of factors associated with the digital cushion thickness in dairy cattle"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2698-9561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bethany E.","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0141-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Barden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5193-858X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alkiviadis","family":"Anagnostopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7096-8007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James P.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Lamprou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3550-4754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Tulley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3103-0920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cherrill","family":"Bedford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Androniki","family":"Psifidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7674-858X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Banos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4451-4199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Oikonomou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib1","series-title":"Proc. 2nd International Symposium on Information Theory","first-page":"267","article-title":"Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle","author":"Akaike","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4837","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-19161","article-title":"Changes in the soft-tissue thickness of the claw sole in Holstein heifers around calving","volume":"104","author":"Bach","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4364","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14803","article-title":"Ultrasonographical examination of bovine claws through the sole horn on weight-bearing claws","volume":"102","author":"Bach","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-1972","article-title":"Lipid content and fatty acid composition of the digital cushion of bulls offered different amounts of linseed","volume":"88","author":"Baird","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.1632","article-title":"Association between a genetic index for lameness resistance and the incidence of claw horn lesions in Holstein cows","volume":"191","author":"Barden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2309","article-title":"Assessment of lameness prevalence and associated risk factors in dairy herds in England and Wales","volume":"93","author":"Barker","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03548355","article-title":"Haemorrhages of the sole horn of dairy cows as a retrospective indicator of laminitis: An epidemiological study","volume":"35","author":"Bergsten","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3175","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1827","article-title":"Lameness in dairy cattle: A debilitating disease or a disease of debilitated cattle? A cross-sectional study of lameness prevalence and thickness of the digital cushion","volume":"92","author":"Bicalho","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11434","article-title":"Effect of claw disorders on milk production, fertility, and longevity, and their economic impact in Spanish Holstein cows","volume":"100","author":"Charfeddine","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1977.10489493","article-title":"Detection of influential observation in linear regression","volume":"19","author":"Cook","year":"1977","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"year":"2014","series-title":"ICAR Claw Health Atlas","author":"Egger-Danner","key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib12"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.54","article-title":"Quantifying inter-group variability in lactation curve shape and magnitude with the MilkBot\u00ae lactation model","volume":"1","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2013","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(94)77212-X","article-title":"Principal descriptors of body condition score in Holstein cows","volume":"77","author":"Ferguson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146718","article-title":"Lameness prevalence and risk factors in large dairy farms in upstate New York. Model development for the prediction of claw horn disruption lesions","volume":"11","author":"Foditsch","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.76.3.246","article-title":"Effect of exercise and environmental terrain on development of the digital cushion and bony structures of the bovine foot","volume":"76","author":"Gard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5772","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3436","article-title":"Time budgets of lactating dairy cattle in commercial freestall herds","volume":"93","author":"Gomez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-23965","article-title":"A prospective cohort study examining the association of claw anatomy and sole temperature with the development of claw horn disruption lesions in dairy cattle","volume":"107","author":"Griffiths","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00440","article-title":"A prospective cohort study on the development of claw horn disruption lesions in dairy cattle: Furthering our understanding of the role of the digital cushion","volume":"7","author":"Griffiths","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00065","article-title":"A cross-sectional study into the prevalence of dairy cattle lameness and associated herd-level risk factors in England and Wales","volume":"5","author":"Griffiths","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6551","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15531","article-title":"Short communication: Adipocyte sizes in the digital fat pad and their relationship to body condition in dairy cows","volume":"102","author":"Hiss-Pesch","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2006.09.007","article-title":"Effects of housing, parturition and diet change on the biochemistry and biomechanics of the support structures of the hoof of dairy heifers","volume":"174","author":"Knott","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.1998.0315","article-title":"Ultrasonographic imaging and thickness measurement of the sole horn and the underlying soft tissue layer in bovine claws","volume":"157","author":"Kofler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v082.i13","article-title":"lmerTest Package: Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models","volume":"82","author":"Kuznetsova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"author":"Lenth","key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib25"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib26","series-title":"Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Lameness Ruminants, Orlando, FL","article-title":"Pathogenesis of sole lesions","author":"Lischer","year":"2001"},{"year":"2002","series-title":"Statistical Analysis with Missing Data","author":"Little","key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib27"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00772","article-title":"ggeffects: Tidy data frames of marginal effects from regression models","volume":"3","author":"L\u00fcdecke","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03139","article-title":"performance: An R package for assessment, comparison and testing of statistical models","volume":"6","author":"L\u00fcdecke","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.10.1338","article-title":"Use of data collected at cessation of lactation to predict incidence of sole ulcers and white line disease during the subsequent lactation in dairy cows","volume":"72","author":"Machado","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.138.24.586","article-title":"Epidemiology of lameness in dairy cattle: Description and analysis of foot lesions","volume":"138","author":"Murray","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4759","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12013","article-title":"A prospective cohort study of digital cushion and corium thickness. Part 2: Does thinning of the digital cushion and corium lead to lameness and claw horn disruption lesions?","volume":"100","author":"Newsome","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4512","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10202","article-title":"Linking bone development on the caudal aspect of the distal phalanx with lameness during life","volume":"99","author":"Newsome","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4745","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12012","article-title":"A prospective cohort study of digital cushion and corium thickness. Part 1: Associations with body condition, lesion incidence, and proximity to calving","volume":"100","author":"Newsome","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6238","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-19388","article-title":"Morphology, adipocyte size, and fatty acid analysis of dairy cattle digital cushions, and the effect of body condition score and age","volume":"104","author":"Newsome","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"year":"2020","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib36"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(03)00053-4","article-title":"The bovine digital cushion\u2014A descriptive anatomical study","volume":"167","author":"R\u00e4ber","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2005.03.009","article-title":"The content and composition of lipids in the digital cushion of the bovine claw with respect to age and location\u2014A preliminary report","volume":"172","author":"R\u00e4ber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2016.09.006","article-title":"Lameness in dairy heifers: Impacts of hoof lesions present around first calving on future lameness, milk yield and culling risk","volume":"133","author":"Randall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.105047","article-title":"Lameness prevalence in a random sample of UK dairy herds","volume":"184","author":"Randall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"author":"Robinson","key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib41"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2021.105463","article-title":"A modified functional hoof trimming technique reduces the risk of lameness and hoof lesion prevalence in housed dairy cattle","volume":"195","author":"Sadiq","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72064-1","article-title":"Invited review: Methods to determine body fat reserves in the dairy cow with special regard to ultrasonographic measurement of backfat thickness","volume":"89","author":"Schr\u00f6der","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txy107","article-title":"A longitudinal study of digital cushion thickness and its function as a predictor for compromised locomotion and hoof lesions in Holstein cows","volume":"3","author":"Stambuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2001.0651","article-title":"Biomechanical and histopathological changes in the support structures of bovine hooves around the time of first calving","volume":"163","author":"Tarlton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.11.005","article-title":"Evaluation of ultrasonography for measuring solar soft tissue thickness as a predictor of sole ulcer formation in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows","volume":"199","author":"Toholj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"year":"1989","series-title":"Cattle Footcare and Claw Trimming","author":"Toussaint-Raven","key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib48"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4911","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4771","article-title":"Protein and fat mobilization and associations with serum beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in dairy cows","volume":"95","author":"van der Drift","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"61","author":"von Elm","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.1387","article-title":"Prospective cohort study of the association between early lactation mastitis and the presence of sole ulcers in dairy cows","volume":"190","author":"Watson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(97)80053-6","article-title":"Associations between locomotion, claw lesions andnociceptive threshold in dairy heifers during the peri-partum period","volume":"154","author":"Whay","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686","article-title":"Welcome to the tidyverse","volume":"4","author":"Wickham","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7026","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-19843","article-title":"A history of lameness and low body condition score is associated with reduced digital cushion volume, measured by magnetic resonance imaging, in dairy cattle","volume":"104","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24563_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6041","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21329","article-title":"Effects of routine treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at calving and when lame on the future probability of lameness and culling in dairy cows: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"105","author":"Wilson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030224008178?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030224008178?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030224008178","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T19:53:09Z","timestamp":1732650789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030224008178"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022030224008178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2023-24563","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-0302"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A prospective cohort study of factors associated with the digital cushion thickness in dairy cattle","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dairy Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2023-24563","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}