{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:01:37Z","timestamp":1787025697568,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalofdairyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T19:01:26Z","timestamp":1747076486000},"page":"7851-7860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The status of timed artificial insemination technology in large-scale Chinese dairy farms"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1875-9601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Z.","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8232-7909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4853-6704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0396-4999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W.","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1993-847X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9041-8694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7970-9183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5225-8521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Z.","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5324-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2009.05.006","article-title":"Applying variations of the Ovsynch protocol at the middle of the estrus cycle on reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows during summer and winter","volume":"72","author":"Alnimer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9667","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-18536","article-title":"Graduate Student Literature Review: Heat abatement strategies used to reduce negative effects of heat stress in dairy cows","volume":"103","author":"Becker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2021.106751","article-title":"Effects of eCG and FSH in timed artificial insemination treatment regimens on estrous expression and pregnancy rates in primiparous and multiparous Bos indicus cows","volume":"228","author":"Bottino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0409","article-title":"Altering the time of the second gonadotropin-releasing hormone injection and artificial insemination (AI) during Ovsynch affects pregnancies per AI in lactating dairy cows","volume":"91","author":"Brusveen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020301","article-title":"Factors that optimize reproductive efficiency in dairy herds with an emphasis on timed artificial insemination programs","volume":"11","author":"Cardoso Consentini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib6","first-page":"1","article-title":"The 15th China Dairy Industry Conference, the Top 20 Dairy Industry Forum and the 2024 China Dairy Industry Exhibition were grandly held in Wuhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"China Dairy Cattle"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-25188","article-title":"Reproductive outcomes of lactating dairy cows submitted to first timed artificial insemination protocols with different strategies to induce final ovulation","volume":"108","author":"Consentini","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8586","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21433","article-title":"Symposium review: Environmental effects on mammary immunity and health","volume":"105","author":"Dahl","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib9","first-page":"1406","article-title":"Obesity-related metabolic dysfunction in dairy cows and horses: Comparison to human metabolic syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Daradics","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-023-03704-2","article-title":"Precision technologies for the management of reproduction in dairy cows","volume":"55","author":"Das","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(03)00126-2","article-title":"Heat stress and seasonal effects on reproduction in the dairy cow\u2014A review","volume":"60","author":"De Rensis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11621","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-24766","article-title":"Association between body condition profiles, milk production and reproduction performance in Holstein and Normande cows","volume":"107","author":"Dezetter","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s75","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731118000952","article-title":"Review: Semen handling, time of insemination and insemination technique in cattle","volume":"12","author":"Diskin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-020420-043152","article-title":"Global strategies to minimize environmental impacts of ruminant production","volume":"10","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.2021-125","article-title":"Possible causes and treatment strategies for the estrus and ovulation disorders in dairy cows","volume":"68","author":"Endo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib16","first-page":"193","article-title":"Anoestrus in dairy cows: Causes prevalence and clinical forms","volume":"5","author":"Es Mwaanga","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4679","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21431","article-title":"Symposium review: The implications of spontaneous versus synchronized ovulations on the reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows","volume":"105","author":"Fricke","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9516","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-24805","article-title":"Characterization of conception rate after embryo transfer in comparison with that after artificial insemination in dairy cattle","volume":"107","author":"Fukaya","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3132","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(90)79002-9","article-title":"Relationship of changes in condition score to cow health in Holsteins","volume":"73","author":"Gearhart","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(84)81506-4","article-title":"Onset of estrus in dairy cows maintained indoors year-round","volume":"67","author":"Hackett","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.2012-117","article-title":"Synchronization using PGF(2\u03b1) and estradiol with or without GnRH for timed artificial insemination in dairy cows","volume":"59","author":"Jeong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.06.006","article-title":"Comparison of estrus synchronization by controlled internal drug release device (CIDR) and adhesive transdermal progestin patch in postpartum beef cows","volume":"100","author":"Kajaysri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10010110","article-title":"Cellular and molecular adaptation of bovine granulosa cells and oocytes under heat stress","volume":"10","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2008.08.009","article-title":"Oestrous synchronisation in cattle\u2014Current options following the EU regulations restricting use of oestrogenic compounds in food-producing animals: A review","volume":"109","author":"Lane","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib26","author":"Liu"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib27","author":"Lixia"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9502","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-18089","article-title":"High temperature-humidity index compromises sperm quality and fertility of Holstein bulls in temperate climates","volume":"103","author":"Llamas-Luce\u00f1o","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4073","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11244073","article-title":"Effects of heat stress on bovine oocytes and early embryonic development\u2014An update","volume":"11","author":"Mi\u0119tkiewska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2022.108994","article-title":"Hormones residues in bovine animals: Sampling, analysis and health risk assessment","volume":"181","author":"Moussa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8590","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-12656","article-title":"Association between ambient temperature and humidity, vaginal temperature, and automatic activity monitoring on induced estrus in lactating cows","volume":"100","author":"Polsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(95)00279-H","article-title":"Synchronization of ovulation in dairy cows using PGF2\u03b1 and GnRH","volume":"44","author":"Pursley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2021.06.021","article-title":"Effect of ovulation synchronization program and season on pregnancy to timed artificial insemination in suckled beef cows","volume":"172","author":"Randi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13081425","article-title":"Infrared thermography as a potential non-invasive tool for estrus detection in cattle and buffaloes","volume":"13","author":"Riaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(98)00016-8","article-title":"High environmental temperature and humidity decrease oocyte quality in Bos taurus but not in Bos taurus cows","volume":"49","author":"Rocha","year":"1998","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00107-X","article-title":"Reproductive management of postpartum cows","volume":"60\u201361","author":"Roche","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1984-3143-ar2024-0034","article-title":"Evolution over the last 40 years of the assisted reproduction technologies in cattle\u2014The Brazilian perspective I\u2014Timed artificial insemination","volume":"21","author":"Sales","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12010060","article-title":"Major nutritional metabolic alterations influencing the reproductive system of postpartum dairy cows","volume":"12","author":"Sammad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6495","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22674","article-title":"Effect of reproductive management programs that prioritized artificial insemination at detected estrus or timed artificial insemination on the economic performance of primiparous Holstein cows of different genetic merit for fertility","volume":"106","author":"Sitko","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-024-01064-x","article-title":"Melatonin alleviates palmitic acid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress and enhancing autophagy in bovine endometrial epithelial cells","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.04.006","article-title":"Influence of negative energy balance on cyclicity and fertility in the high producing dairy cow","volume":"68","author":"Wathes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2013.09.017","article-title":"The cow as an induced ovulator: Timed AI after synchronization of ovulation","volume":"81","author":"Wiltbank","year":"2014","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26506_bib43","first-page":"22","article-title":"The impact of Ovsynch-timed artificial insemination on the reproductive efficiency of lactating dairy cows with difficulty in breeding after parturition","volume":"52","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhongguo Xumu Zazhi"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030225003431?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030225003431?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]],"date-time":"2025-06-22T15:55:26Z","timestamp":1750607726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030225003431"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022030225003431"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2025-26506","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The status of timed artificial insemination technology in large-scale Chinese dairy farms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dairy Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2025-26506","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}