{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T20:53:05Z","timestamp":1772484785484,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012331","name":"Agentschap Innoveren en Ondernemen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022333","name":"Instituut voor Landbouw-, Visserij- en Voedingsonderzoek, Vlaamse Overheid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022333","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalofdairyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T11:42:51Z","timestamp":1763638971000},"page":"1500-1517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Udder health management, bacteriological culturing, and antimicrobial use: Knowledge, implementation, attitude, and opinion among Flemish bovine dairy producers"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7851-8251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Creytens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4753-9321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Piepers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0597-566X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Z.","family":"Lipkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6330-9062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"De Vliegher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib1","author":"AMCRA"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib2","author":"AMCRA"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib3","author":"AMCRA"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2020.104915","article-title":"Selective and deferred treatment of clinical mastitis in seven New Zealand dairy herds","volume":"176","author":"Bates","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib5","author":"Belgian Federal Public Service Justice"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib6","author":"Belgian Federal Public Service Justice"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib7","author":"BelVet-SAC (Belgian Veterinary Surveillance of Antibacterial Consumption)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.k2382","article-title":"Pan-European agreement on dry cow therapy","volume":"182","author":"Bradley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib9","author":"Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt443","article-title":"Correlation between veterinary antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals: a report on seven countries","volume":"69","author":"Chantziaras","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib11","author":"CRV (Cooperative Cattle Improvement Company)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-022-01724-6","article-title":"Factors influencing the feasibility, effectiveness, and sustainability of farmers' adaptation strategies to climate chance in the Indian Eastern Himalayan foothills","volume":"70","author":"Datta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Manage."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22271","article-title":"Selective treatment of non-severe clinical mastitis does not adversely affect cure, somatic cell count, milk yield, recurrence, or culling: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"de Jong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7302","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17960","article-title":"Antimicrobial use and farmers' attitude toward mastitis treatment on dairy farms with automatic or conventional milking systems","volume":"103","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252319000070","article-title":"Non-antimicrobial approaches at drying-off for treating and preventing intramammary infections in dairy cows. Part 1. Meta-analyses of efficacy of using an internal teat sealant without a concomitant antimicrobial treatment","volume":"20","author":"Dufour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Health Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib16","series-title":"Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2021. Trends from 2010 to 2021: Twelfth ESVAC Report","author":"European Medicines Agency","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib17","article-title":"European regulation (EU) 2019\/6 of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 11th 2018 on veterinary medicinal products and repealing Directive 2001\/82\/EC","author":"European Union","year":"2019","journal-title":"Official Journal of the European Union"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib18","author":"Flemish Agency for Agriculture and Fisheries"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib19","first-page":"169","article-title":"The diagnosis of bovine mastitis with particular reference to subclinical mastitis: A critical review of relevant literature","volume":"41","author":"Giesecke","year":"1974","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib20","series-title":"Correspondence Analysis in Practice","first-page":"137","article-title":"Multiple correspondence analysis","author":"Greenacre","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5551","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10816","article-title":"Dutch dairy farmers' need for microbiological mastitis diagnostics","volume":"99","author":"Griffioen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.03.001","article-title":"Economic and epidemiological impact of different intervention strategies for subclinical and clinical mastitis","volume":"166","author":"Gussmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2011.547165","article-title":"Economic aspects of mastitis: New developments","volume":"59","author":"Hogeveen","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Z. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2531","article-title":"Evaluation of two communication strategies to improve udder health management","volume":"93","author":"Jansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2009.08.015","article-title":"Explaining mastitis incidence in Dutch dairy farming: The influence of farmers' attitudes and behaviour","volume":"92","author":"Jansen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4441","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-4046","article-title":"The selective treatment of clinical mastitis based on on-farm culture results: I. Effects on antibiotic use, milk withholding time, and short-term clinical and bacteriological outcomes","volume":"94","author":"Lago","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4457","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-4047","article-title":"The selective treatment of clinical mastitis based on on-farm culture results: II. Effects on lactation performance, including clinical mastitis recurrence, somatic cell count, milk production, and cow survival","volume":"94","author":"Lago","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13620-017-0085-x","article-title":"The RESET Mindset Model applied on decreasing antibiotic usage in dairy cattle in the Netherlands","volume":"70","author":"Lam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ir. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4727","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-19315","article-title":"Quantification of antimicrobial usage in adult cows and preweaned calves on 40 large Wisconsin dairy farms using dose-based and mass-based metrics","volume":"104","author":"Leite de Campos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib30","series-title":"Selectively drying off dairy cows impact on future performance and antimicrobial consumption","author":"Lipkens","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4309","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15642","article-title":"Evaluation of test-day milk somatic cell count information to predict intramammary infection with major pathogens in dairy cattle at drying off","volume":"102","author":"Lipkens","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12050901","article-title":"Impact of selective dry cow therapy on antimicrobial consumption, udder health, milk yield, and culling hazard in commercial dairy herds","volume":"12","author":"Lipkens","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib33","author":"MCC (Milk Control Centre)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib34","author":"MCC (Milk Control Centre)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib35","author":"MCC (Milk Control Centre)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7104","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23083","article-title":"Antimicrobial and teat sealant use and selection criteria at dry-off on Canadian dairy farms","volume":"106","author":"McCubbin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib37","series-title":"Microbiological procedures for the diagnosis of bovine udder infection and determination of milk quality","author":"NMC (National Mastitis Council)","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib38","series-title":"Udder health and milk quality management: challenges and opportunities under Flemish conditions","author":"Passchyn","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.07.016","article-title":"Antibiotic use by farmers to control mastitis as influenced by health advice and dairy farming systems","volume":"146","author":"Poizat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib40","series-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R","author":"Posit Team","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2018.06.002","article-title":"Making antibiotic treatment decisions for clinical mastitis","volume":"34","author":"Ruegg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.639641","article-title":"What is success? A narrative review of research evaluating outcomes of antibiotics used for treatment of clinical mastitis","volume":"8","author":"Ruegg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2020.105023","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude and practices of Swiss dairy farmers towards intramammary antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance: A latent class analysis","volume":"179","author":"Schwendner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2015.08.014","article-title":"Attitudes and perceptions of Dutch veterinarians on their role in the reduction of antimicrobial use in farm animals","volume":"121","author":"Speksnijder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"issue":"s1","key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12167","article-title":"Reduction of veterinary antimicrobial use in the Netherlands. The Dutch success model","volume":"62","author":"Speksnijder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib46","author":"Statbel"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2896","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10496","article-title":"Mastitis prevention and control practices and mastitis treatment strategies associated with the consumption of (critically important) antimicrobials on dairy herds in Flanders, Belgium","volume":"99","author":"Stevens","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5381","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21026","article-title":"Effect of selective dry cow treatment on udder health and antimicrobial usage on Dutch dairy farms","volume":"105","author":"Tijs","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib49","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in bacteria\u2014A review","volume":"11","author":"Urban-Chmiel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib50","author":"Vaissie"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6926","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8173","article-title":"Pathogen-specific incidence rate of clinical mastitis in Flemish dairy herds, severity, and association with herd hygiene","volume":"97","author":"Verbeke","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26602_bib52","article-title":"Effects of selective dry cow treatment on intramammary infection risk after calving, cure risk during the dry period, and antibiotic use at drying-off: A systematic review and meta-analysis of current literature (2000\u20132021)","volume":"11","author":"Weber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030225009336?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030225009336?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T19:53:33Z","timestamp":1772481213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030225009336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022030225009336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2025-26602","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Udder health management, bacteriological culturing, and antimicrobial use: Knowledge, implementation, attitude, and opinion among Flemish bovine dairy producers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dairy Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2025-26602","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}