{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:01:38Z","timestamp":1787025698410,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015516","name":"Ontario Agri-Food Innovation Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015516","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010785","name":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008986","name":"University of Guelph","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000094","name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Agribusiness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalofdairyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T04:35:04Z","timestamp":1760070904000},"page":"13783-13795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association between time budget of primiparous cows and their adaptation to an automatic milking system following parturition"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"L.M.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8750-3245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.E.","family":"Brasier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9364-2456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.J.","family":"DeVries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2008.08.009","article-title":"Relationship between feeding behaviour and feed intake of dairy cows depending on their parity and milk yield","volume":"122","author":"Azizi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib2","article-title":"Chewing and drinking activity during transition period and lactation in dairy cows fed partial mixed rations","volume":"9","author":"Brandstetter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11418","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26883","article-title":"Effects of training dairy heifers to an automated milking system before parturition on their adaptation and performance","volume":"108","author":"Brasier","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7191","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23176","article-title":"Effect of dairy cows' personality traits on their adaptation to an automated milking system following parturition","volume":"106","author":"Brasier","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib5","first-page":"233","article-title":"A pilot study to determine the production and health benefits of milking visibly lame cows twice daily compared with three times daily","volume":"75","author":"Caixeta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib6","series-title":"Guidelines on the Care and Use of Farm Animals in Research, Teaching and Testing","author":"Canadian Council on Animal Care","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5732","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0331","article-title":"Technical note: Validation of a system for monitoring individual feeding and drinking behavior and intake in group-housed cattle","volume":"90","author":"Chapinal","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1053\/rvsc.2000.0391","article-title":"The relationships between social behaviour of dairy cows and the occurrence of lameness in three herds","volume":"69","author":"Galindo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5772","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3436","article-title":"Time budgets of lactating dairy cattle in commercial freestall herds","volume":"93","author":"Gomez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73795-3","article-title":"Milk yield and mammary growth effects due to increased milking frequency during early lactation","volume":"86","author":"Hale","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6973","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-6764","article-title":"Effect of milking frequency on the behaviour and productivity of lactating dairy cows","volume":"96","author":"Hart","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2014.06.014","article-title":"Time-budget constraints for cows with high milking frequency on farms with automatic milking systems","volume":"167","author":"Helmreich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72967-2","article-title":"A meta-analysis on the relationship between intake of nutrients and body weight with milk volume and milk protein yield in dairy cows","volume":"88","author":"Hristov","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4749","article-title":"Dairy cow behavior affects the availability of an automatic milking system","volume":"95","author":"Jacobs","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4710","article-title":"Lactating dairy cows adapt quickly to being milked by an automatic milking system","volume":"95","author":"Jacobs","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3367","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13743","article-title":"Short communication: Associations of feeding behavior and milk production in dairy cows","volume":"101","author":"Johnston","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(96)01030-1","article-title":"The influence of social hierarchy on the time budget of cows and their visits to an automatic milking system","volume":"49","author":"Ketelaar-de Lauwere","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(97)00076-2","article-title":"Behaviour of dairy cows under free or forced cow traffic in a simulated automatic milking system environment","volume":"56","author":"Ketelaar-de Lauwere","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9790","article-title":"Impact of timing of feed delivery on the behavior and productivity of dairy cows","volume":"99","author":"King","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4298","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4687","article-title":"Short-term increases in stocking density affect the lying and social behaviour, but not the productivity, of lactating Holstein dairy cows","volume":"95","author":"Krawczel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2018.11.002","article-title":"Lying time and its importance to the dairy cow: Impact of stocking density and time budget stresses","volume":"35","author":"Krawczel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5129","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2945","article-title":"Evaluation of data loggers, sampling intervals, and editing techniques for measuring the lying behavior of dairy cattle","volume":"93","author":"Ledgerwood","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5381","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3589","article-title":"Covariance among milking frequency, milk yield, and milk composition from automatically milked cows","volume":"94","author":"L\u2298vendahl","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3168\/jdsc.2021-0159","article-title":"Is greater milk production associated with dairy cows who have greater probability of ruminating while lying down?","volume":"3","author":"McWilliams","year":"2022","journal-title":"JDS Commun."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7425","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17922","article-title":"Technical note: Validation of a system for monitoring individual behavior of Holstein cows","volume":"103","author":"Merenda","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib26","series-title":"Experimental Design and Analysis in Animal Sciences","author":"Morris","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2004.11.005","article-title":"Quantifying behavioural priorities\u2014Effects of time constraints on behaviour of dairy cows, Bos taurus.","volume":"92","author":"Munksgaard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2021.1987581","article-title":"Using rumination time to manage health and reproduction in dairy cattle: A review","volume":"41","author":"Paudyal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3347","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-23870","article-title":"Invited review: Prevalence, risk factors, treatment, and barriers to best practice adoption for lameness and injuries in dairy cattle: A narrative review","volume":"107","author":"Roche","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livprodsci.2005.11.013","article-title":"The association between fetching for milking and dairy cows' behaviour at milking, and avoidance of the human approach\u2014An on-farm study in herds with automatic milking systems","volume":"101","author":"Rousing","year":"2006","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib31","series-title":"SAS version 9.4","author":"SAS Institute Inc","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3212","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4741","article-title":"Rumination and its relationship to feeding and lying behavior in Holstein dairy cows","volume":"95","author":"Schirmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6290","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21657","article-title":"Effects of concentrate allowance and individual dairy cow personality traits on behavior and production of dairy cows milked in a free-traffic automated milking system","volume":"105","author":"Schwanke","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24063","article-title":"Flexible feeding: Dairy cow personality affects changes in feeding behavior and milk production under feed competition conditions","volume":"107","author":"Schwanke","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10336","article-title":"Associations between lying behaviour and lameness in Canadian Holstein-Friesian cows housed in freestall barns","volume":"99","author":"Solano","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.3168\/jdsc.2022-0243","article-title":"Milking time behavior of dairy cows in a free-flow automated milking system","volume":"3","author":"Solano","year":"2022","journal-title":"JDS Commun."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9599","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14662","article-title":"Producer experience with transitioning to automatic milking: Cow training, challenges, and effect on quality of life","volume":"101","author":"Tse","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-18074","article-title":"Invited review: Lying time and the welfare of dairy cows","volume":"104","author":"Tucker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2017.12.018","article-title":"Use of a pneumatic push gate to measure dairy cattle motivation to lie down in a deep-bedded area","volume":"201","author":"Tucker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4341","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14817","article-title":"Associations between on-farm animal welfare indicators and productivity and profitability on Canadian dairies: I. On freestall farms","volume":"102","author":"Villettaz Robichaud","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.2527\/2004.822563x","article-title":"Coping capacity of dairy cows during the change from conventional to automatic milking","volume":"82","author":"Weiss","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9737","article-title":"Lying times of lactating cows on dairy farms with automatic milking systems and the relation to lameness, leg lesions, and body condition score","volume":"99","author":"Westin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27348_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-16658","article-title":"Transitioning from conventional to automatic milking: Effects on the human-animal relationship","volume":"103","author":"Wildridge","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030225008264?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030225008264?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T14:40:17Z","timestamp":1768401617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030225008264"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022030225008264"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2025-27348","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association between time budget of primiparous cows and their adaptation to an automatic milking system following parturition","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dairy Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2025-27348","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}