{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T11:08:26Z","timestamp":1774004906775,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalofdairyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:30:13Z","timestamp":1764808213000},"page":"1936-1950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of liposomal synthetic cannabidiol subcutaneous depot in Holstein dairy calves"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Shilo-Benjamini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"dos Santos Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Cern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Aroch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Abu Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Barasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Lavy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Barenholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Zachut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b16-00624","article-title":"Liposomal delivery systems: Design optimization and current applications","volume":"40","author":"Abu Lila","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6365","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-23237","article-title":"Behavioral changes in the first 3 weeks after disbudding in dairy calves","volume":"106","author":"Adcock","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10361","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14987","article-title":"The effect of disbudding age on healing and pain sensitivity in dairy calves","volume":"101","author":"Adcock","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2012.03.020","article-title":"Doxil(R)\u2013the first FDA-approved nano-drug: Lessons learned","volume":"160","author":"Barenholz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.5152\/eurjrheum.2017.17025","article-title":"The endocannabinoid system in pain and inflammation: Its relevance to rheumatic disease","volume":"4","author":"Barrie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241210273","article-title":"Differences in plasma cannabidiol concentrations in women and men: A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study","volume":"24","author":"Batinic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txaf010","article-title":"Effects of administering local anesthesia immediately before surgical castration on indicators of pain and discomfort of beef calves","volume":"9","author":"Bernier","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib8","article-title":"Oral transmucosal cannabidiol oil formulation as part of a multimodal analgesic regimen: Effects on pain relief and quality of life improvement in dogs affected by spontaneous osteoarthritis","volume":"10","author":"Brioschi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.233.8.1278","article-title":"Ability of the canine brief pain inventory to detect response to treatment in dogs with osteoarthritis","volume":"233","author":"Brown","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16121521","article-title":"Effect of lipid nanoparticle physico-chemical properties and composition on their interaction with the immune system","volume":"16","author":"Catenacci","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib11","first-page":"238","article-title":"Metabolism and liver toxicity of cannabidiol","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health C Toxicol. Carcinog."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib12","article-title":"Considering long-acting synthetic cannabidiol for chronic pain: A narrative review","volume":"17","author":"Christo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.3168\/jdsc.2022-0236","article-title":"Dynamics of serum immunoglobulin G and total protein concentrations in dairy calves during the first 2 weeks of life","volume":"3","author":"Correa","year":"2022","journal-title":"JDS Commun."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-020-00779-5","article-title":"pharmacokinetic characteristics of long-acting injectable antipsychotics for schizophrenia: An overview","volume":"35","author":"Correll","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-024-01033-4","article-title":"Maternal supplementation with n-3 fatty acids affects placental lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, the endocannabinoid system, and the neonate cytokine concentrations in dairy cows","volume":"15","author":"dos Santos Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2016.04.009","article-title":"Understanding subcutaneous tissue pressure for engineering injection devices for large-volume protein delivery","volume":"105","author":"Doughty","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6375","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-23238","article-title":"Wound healing and pain sensitivity following caustic paste disbudding in dairy calves","volume":"106","author":"Drwencke","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib18","article-title":"Statement on safety of cannabidiol as a novel food: Data gaps and uncertainties","volume":"20","author":"EFSA Panel on Nutrition","year":"2022","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib19","author":"FDA (US Food and Drug Administration)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s00482-015-0084-3","article-title":"Efficacy, tolerability and safety of cannabinoids in chronic pain associated with rheumatic diseases (fibromyalgia syndrome, back pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"30","author":"Fitzcharles","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schmerz"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26051469","article-title":"Formulation of cannabidiol in colloidal lipid carriers","volume":"26","author":"Francke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2025.2506106","article-title":"Cannabinoid transference and retention in tissues of beef steers fed hemp leaves","volume":"42","author":"Fruge","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam. Part A Chem. Anal. Control Expo. Risk Assess."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00165","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, safety, and clinical efficacy of cannabidiol treatment in osteoarthritic dogs","volume":"5","author":"Gamble","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914514","article-title":"Current challenges and opportunities for improved cannabidiol solubility","volume":"24","author":"Hossain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1341396","article-title":"Improved quality of life and pain relief in mature horses with osteoarthritis after oral transmucosal cannabidiol oil administration as part of an analgesic regimen","volume":"11","author":"Interlandi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s42238-025-00279-7","article-title":"Use of industrial hemp byproducts in ruminants: A review of the nutritional profile, animal response, constraints, and global regulatory environment","volume":"7","author":"Irawan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cannabis Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13934","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c02827","article-title":"Cannabinoid distribution and clearance in feeding spent hemp biomass to dairy cows and the potential exposure to \u03949-THC by consuming milk","volume":"73","author":"Irawan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-23829","article-title":"Feeding spent hemp biomass to lactating dairy cows: Effects on performance, milk components and quality, blood parameters, and nitrogen metabolism","volume":"107","author":"Irawan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2020.06.021","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic investigation of synthetic cannabidiol oral formulations in healthy volunteers","volume":"154","author":"Izgelov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.33218\/001c.141764","article-title":"Liposomal-cannabidiol injection; preliminary insights into pharmacokinetics and safety characteristics in G\u00f6ttingen minipigs and rabbits","volume":"8","author":"Kalo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Precis. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69768-4","article-title":"Plasma concentrations of eleven cannabinoids in cattle following oral administration of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa)","volume":"10","author":"Kleinhenz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07795-z","article-title":"Short term feeding of industrial hemp with a high cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) content increases lying behavior and reduces biomarkers of stress and inflammation in Holstein steers","volume":"12","author":"Kleinhenz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.147.21.593","article-title":"Changes in the blood biochemical and haematological profile of neonatal calves with age","volume":"147","author":"Knowles","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119812","article-title":"Cannabidiol aqueous solubility enhancement: Comparison of three amorphous formulations strategies using different type of polymers","volume":"589","author":"Koch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-022-00761-9","article-title":"Effects of omega-3 supplementation on components of the endocannabinoid system and metabolic and inflammatory responses in adipose and liver of peripartum dairy cows","volume":"13","author":"Kra","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib36","article-title":"Associations of neonatal dairy calf faecal microbiota with inflammatory markers and future performance","volume":"14","author":"Loch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-25093","article-title":"Associations between lung consolidation and serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, and the potential of acute phase proteins to differentiate primary respiratory tract pathogens in calves","volume":"108","author":"Lowie","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib38","unstructured":"Mechoulam, R., S. Tchilibon, E. Fride, L. Hanus, A. Breuer, and R. Galily. 2010. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising cannabidiol derivatives. Yissum Research Development Company, assignee. United States Pat. No. US 7,759,526 B2."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.789495","article-title":"Plasma pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol following oral administration of cannabidiol oil to dairy calves","volume":"9","author":"Meyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14038","article-title":"A systematic review of cannabidiol dosing in clinical populations","volume":"85","author":"Millar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01365","article-title":"A systematic review on the pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol in humans","volume":"9","author":"Millar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2006.10.017","article-title":"Hematology and serum biochemistry of Holstein dairy calves: Age related changes and comparison with blood composition in adults","volume":"83","author":"Mohri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.13355","article-title":"Performance of an automated immunoturbidimetric assay for bovine serum amyloid A","volume":"53","author":"Nielsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09394","article-title":"Liposomes: Structure, composition, types, and clinical applications","volume":"8","author":"Nsairat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2018.01.002","article-title":"Hematology reference intervals for neonatal Holstein calves","volume":"118","author":"Panousis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2013.10.011","article-title":"Novel methods for liposome preparation","volume":"177","author":"Patil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6207","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21562","article-title":"Effect of colostrum on the acute-phase response in neonatal dairy calves","volume":"105","author":"Peetsalu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-020-00741-5","article-title":"Critical aspects affecting cannabidiol oral bioavailability and metabolic elimination, and related clinical implications","volume":"34","author":"Perucca","year":"2020","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.894960","article-title":"Cannabis for medical use: Versatile plant rather than a single drug","volume":"13","author":"Procaccia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12060567","article-title":"Injectable lipid-based depot formulations: Where do we stand?","volume":"12","author":"Rahnfeld","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6809","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21349","article-title":"Graduate Student Literature Review: Role of pain mitigation on the welfare of dairy calves undergoing disbudding","volume":"105","author":"Reedman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/467429","article-title":"Safety evaluation of EXPAREL (DepoFoam bupivacaine) administered by repeated subcutaneous injection in rabbits and dogs: Species comparison","volume":"2011","author":"Richard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12955","article-title":"Biochemistry and hematology reference intervals for neonatal dairy calves aged 5\u201312 days","volume":"50","author":"Roadknight","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15060877","article-title":"Pain in dairy cattle: A narrative review of the need for pain control, industry practices and stakeholder expectations, and opportunities","volume":"15","author":"Roche","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib55","first-page":"584","article-title":"Evaluating a rapid immunity test to predict dairy calf mortality risk","volume":"14","author":"Roper","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10030566","article-title":"Different Cannabis sativa extraction methods result in different biological activities against a colon cancer cell line and healthy colon cells","volume":"10","author":"Ro\u017eanc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15030442","article-title":"Self-administration of meloxicam via medicated molasses lick blocks may improve welfare of castrated calves","volume":"15","author":"Rudd","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3028","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and effects on arachidonic acid metabolism of low doses of cannabidiol following oral administration to horses","volume":"13","author":"Ryan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(25)06962-4","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol in dogs","volume":"16","author":"Samara","year":"1988","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.572906","article-title":"Bioavailability and bioefficacy of hemp by-products in ruminant meat production and preservation: A review","volume":"7","author":"Semwogerere","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.892306","article-title":"A case report of subcutaneously injected liposomal cannabidiol formulation used as a compassion therapy for pain management in a dog","volume":"9","author":"Shilo-Benjamini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib62","series-title":"Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of liposomal synthetic cannabidiol subcutaneous depot in Holstein dairy calves-Supplementary material-Blood work results","author":"Shilo-Benjamini","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1224452","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy and pharmacokinetics of liposomal-cannabidiol injection: A pilot clinical study in dogs with naturally-occurring osteoarthritis","volume":"10","author":"Shilo-Benjamini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib64","article-title":"Serum amyloid a concentrations in young Japanese Black cattle: Relationship with colostrum intake and establishing cut-off concentrations","volume":"15","author":"Shinya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2512","article-title":"Food effects on the formulation, dosing, and administration of cannabidiol (CBD) in humans: A systematic review of clinical studies","volume":"41","author":"Silmore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2019.1121","article-title":"Source of cannabinoids: What is available, what is used, and where does it come from?","volume":"22","author":"Specchio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.3168\/jdsc.2023-0444","article-title":"Assessment of the effects of prepartum anti-inflammatory therapies on type 1\/type 2 immunity ratio using a rapid blood test","volume":"5","author":"Spring","year":"2024","journal-title":"JDS Commun."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-019-00841-6","article-title":"A phase I, open-label, parallel-group, single-dose trial of the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of cannabidiol in subjects with mild to severe renal impairment","volume":"59","author":"Tayo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.22.02.0028","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol in a randomized crossover trial in senior horses","volume":"83","author":"Turner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2015.0012","article-title":"Human metabolites of cannabidiol: A review on their formation, biological activity, and relevance in therapy","volume":"1","author":"Ujv\u00e1ry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cannabis Cannabinoid Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.82.5.405","article-title":"Randomized, placebo-controlled, 28-day safety and pharmacokinetics evaluation of repeated oral cannabidiol administration in healthy dogs","volume":"82","author":"Vaughn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001896","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of daily cannabidiol for the treatment of canine osteoarthritis pain","volume":"161","author":"Verrico","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2023.106810","article-title":"An overview on synthetic and biological activities of cannabidiol (CBD) and its derivatives","volume":"140","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7643","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-25772","article-title":"International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology: The involvement of the endocannabinoid system in metabolic and inflammatory responses in dairy cows during negative energy balance","volume":"108","author":"Zachut","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8997","article-title":"Biochemical parameters, dynamic tensiometry and circulating nucleic acids for cattle blood analysis: A review","volume":"8","author":"Zaitsev","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.8b00213","article-title":"A single-step gold nanoparticle-blood serum interaction assay reveals humoral immunity development and immune status of animals from neonates to adults","volume":"5","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib77","article-title":"A rapid blood test to monitor immunity shift during pregnancy and potential application for animal health management","volume":"1","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Int."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27373_bib78","article-title":"Pain pathophysiology and pharmacology of cattle: How improved understanding can enhance pain prevention, mitigation, and welfare","volume":"5","author":"Zoltick","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pain Res. (Lausanne)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030225010008?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030225010008?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T09:00:21Z","timestamp":1773997221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030225010008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022030225010008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2025-27373","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of liposomal synthetic cannabidiol subcutaneous depot in Holstein dairy calves","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dairy Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2025-27373","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}