{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T20:39:57Z","timestamp":1792528797031,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CCIP 555874-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCIP 555874-20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalofdairyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:37:53Z","timestamp":1777941473000},"page":"8732-8747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Molecular surveillance of Mycoplasmopsis bovis across dairy farms in Western Canada and 16S microbiome assessment in pneumonic calves"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4380-1807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J.","family":"Wester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4253-6718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gennerick J.","family":"Samera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jermaine R.","family":"Walcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7027-9797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordon","family":"Atkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garrett C.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3392-4363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lyndsey L.","family":"Baillie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6722-6501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul J.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2018.10.001","article-title":"The diverse and extensive plant polysaccharide degradative apparatuses of the rumen and hindgut Prevotella species: A factor in their ubiquity?","volume":"42","author":"Accetto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.01.006","article-title":"Herd-specific strains of Mycoplasma bovis in outbreaks of mycoplasmal mastitis and pneumonia","volume":"157","author":"Aebi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib3","unstructured":"ADSA (American Dairy Science Association), American Society of Animal Science, and Poultry Science Association. 2020. Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching. 4th ed. C. B. Tucker, M. D. MacNeil, and A. B. Webster, ed. American Dairy Science Association, American Society of Animal Science, Poultry Science Association, Champaign, IL."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib4","author":"Andrews"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1051","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1106_23","article-title":"Porphyromonas levii\u2014A boon for periodontists?","volume":"16","author":"Balaji","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1605045","article-title":"Prevalence of bacteria involved in bovine respiratory disease in dairy heifers in Spain: Influence of environmental factors","volume":"12","author":"Barroso-Ar\u00e9valo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1675653","article-title":"Effects of feeding mycotoxin-contaminated diets and the use of a yeast cell wall extracts mycotoxin adsorbent on ruminal and fecal microbiota of finishing beef steers","volume":"16","author":"Batista","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-23407","article-title":"Within-herd transmission of Mycoplasma bovis infections after initial detection in dairy cows","volume":"107","author":"Biesheuvel","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638717710057","article-title":"A serologic survey of Mycoplasma spp. in farmed bison (Bison bison) herds in western Canada","volume":"29","author":"Bras","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8214","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-19941","article-title":"Effects of calfhood respiratory disease on health and performance of dairy cattle: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"Buczinski","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185056","article-title":"BBMerge\u2014Accurate paired shotgun read merging via overlap","volume":"12","author":"Bushnell","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12860","article-title":"Gap analysis of Mycoplasma bovis disease, diagnosis and control: An aid to identify future development requirements","volume":"65","author":"Calcutt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.12.1932","article-title":"Prevalence and genotype of Mycoplasma bovis in beef cattle after arrival at a feedlot","volume":"73","author":"Castillo-Alcala","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s42523-022-00167-y","article-title":"Identification of bovine respiratory disease through the nasal microbiome","volume":"4","author":"Centeno-Martinez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Microbiome"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.961644","article-title":"Geography, niches, and transportation influence bovine respiratory microbiome and health","volume":"12","author":"Chai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-023-00967-5","article-title":"Diet and monensin influence the temporal dynamics of the rumen microbiome in stocker and finishing cattle","volume":"15","author":"Chai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11586","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c00970","article-title":"Linking chitin degradation to arsenic methylation under oxic conditions: A critical driver of arsenic cycling in paddy soils","volume":"59","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib21","author":"Cheng"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.02.026","article-title":"Positive impact of biochar alone and combined with bacterial consortium amendment on improvement of bacterial community during cow manure composting","volume":"280","author":"Duan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15501","article-title":"Preweaning cost of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and cost-benefit of implementation of preventative measures in calves on California dairies: The BRD 10K study","volume":"103","author":"Dubrovsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9080640","article-title":"Mycoplasma bovis infections\u2014Occurrence, diagnosis and control","volume":"9","author":"Dudek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw354","article-title":"MultiQC: Summarize analysis results for multiple tools and samples in a single report","volume":"32","author":"Ewels","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.742785","article-title":"Fatal calf pneumonia outbreaks in Italian dairy herds involving Mycoplasma bovis and other agents of BRD complex","volume":"8","author":"Fanelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0450.2003.00668.x","article-title":"Bulk tank milk analysis: Factors associated with appearance of Mycoplasma sp. in milk","volume":"50","author":"Fox","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. B Infect. Dis. Vet. Public Health"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2004.10.006","article-title":"Determination of Mycoplasma bovis susceptibilities against six antimicrobial agents using the E test method","volume":"105","author":"Francoz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-5150-pvb-5323","article-title":"Bacterial pathogens of the lower respiratory tract of calves from Brazilian rural settlement herds and their association with clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease","volume":"38","author":"Gaeta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pesqui. Vet. Bras."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10030226","article-title":"Monitoring the milk composition, milk microbiota, and blood metabolites of Jersey cows throughout a lactation period","volume":"10","author":"Gathinji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-022-01086-1","article-title":"Understanding the mechanisms of viral and bacterial coinfections in bovine respiratory disease: A comprehensive literature review of experimental evidence","volume":"53","author":"Gaudino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1322267","article-title":"Mycoplasma bovis mastitis in dairy cattle","volume":"11","author":"Gelgie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8284","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14940","article-title":"Use of a breeding bull and absence of a calving pen as risk factors for the presence of Mycoplasma bovis in dairy herds","volume":"101","author":"Gille","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.103644","article-title":"Gut Ruminococcaceae levels at baseline correlate with risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea","volume":"25","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib35","article-title":"Comparison of the gastrointestinal bacterial microbiota between dairy cows with and without mastitis","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.000925","article-title":"Marinagarivorans algicola gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from marine algae","volume":"66","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-18814","article-title":"Mycoplasma bovis infection in dairy herds\u2014Risk factors and effect of control measures","volume":"104","author":"Haapala","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-017-0978-6","article-title":"The nasopharyngeal microbiota of beef cattle before and after transport to a feedlot","volume":"17","author":"Holman","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1223090","article-title":"Effect of bovine respiratory disease on the respiratory microbiome: A meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Howe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7764","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21390","article-title":"Herd-level prevalence of Mycoplasma bovis in Swedish dairy herds determined by antibody ELISA and PCR on bulk tank milk and herd characteristics associated with seropositivity","volume":"105","author":"Hurri","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib41","first-page":"701","article-title":"Demographics of the Canadian dairy industry from 1991 to 2011","volume":"56","author":"Jelinski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14040627","article-title":"Strategies for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) diagnosis and prognosis: A comprehensive overview","volume":"14","author":"Kamel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-024-01621-0","article-title":"Important roles of Ruminococcaceae in the human intestine for resistant starch utilization","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108432","article-title":"New antimicrobial susceptibility data from monitoring of Mycoplasma bovis isolated in Europe","volume":"238","author":"Klein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.11.039","article-title":"Long-term survival of Mycoplasma bovis in necrotic lesions and in phagocytic cells as demonstrated by transmission and immunogold electron microscopy in lung tissue from experimentally infected calves","volume":"162","author":"Kleinschmidt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-019-01361-3","article-title":"Lower respiratory tract microbiome and resistome of bovine respiratory disease mortalities","volume":"78","author":"Klima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-49-2","article-title":"Mycoplasma alkalescens demonstrated in bronchoalveolar lavage of cattle in Denmark","volume":"49","author":"Kokotovic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3390\/hygiene4020009","article-title":"Prevalence of contagious mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk from dairy farms in lower saxony, Germany","volume":"4","author":"Kortstegge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hygiene (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10010134","article-title":"Comparative microbiomes of the respiratory tract and joints of feedlot cattle mortalities","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29050","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29050","article-title":"The upper respiratory tract microbiome and its potential role in bovine respiratory disease and otitis media","volume":"6","author":"Lima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3514","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17041-7","article-title":"Analysis of compositions of microbiomes with bias correction","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-023-02092-7","article-title":"Multigroup analysis of compositions of microbiomes with covariate adjustments and repeated measures","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4946","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32243-x","article-title":"Linear and nonlinear correlation estimators unveil undescribed taxa interactions in microbiome data","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00595","article-title":"Mycoplasma bovis: Mechanisms of resistance and trends in antimicrobial susceptibility","volume":"7","author":"Lysnyansky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.0750.x","article-title":"Mycoplasma bovis infections in cattle","volume":"25","author":"Maunsell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5410","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21334","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma bovis in bulk milk samples in Irish dairy herds and risk factors associated with herd seropositive status","volume":"105","author":"McAloon","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28604-0","article-title":"Biofilm formation by mycoplasma species and its role in environmental persistence and survival","volume":"152","author":"McAuliffe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbiology (Reading)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14213057","article-title":"Herd-level risk factors associated with Mycoplasma bovis serostatus in youngstock on Irish dairy farms","volume":"14","author":"McCarthy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061217","article-title":"Phyloseq: An R package for reproducible interactive analysis and graphics of microbiome census data","volume":"8","author":"McMurdie","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2018.12.006","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of Mycoplasma bovis infection in dairy farms in northern Japan","volume":"123","author":"Murai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-021-02418-5","article-title":"House fly larval grazing alters dairy cattle manure microbial communities","volume":"21","author":"Neupane","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(02)00155-8","article-title":"Mycoplasma bovis: Disease, diagnosis, and control","volume":"74","author":"Nicholas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5029","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24197","article-title":"Prevalence and spatial distribution of infectious diseases of dairy cattle in Ontario, Canada","volume":"107","author":"Nobrega","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12091178","article-title":"A systematic review of the recent techniques commonly used in the diagnosis of Mycoplasma bovis in dairy cattle","volume":"12","author":"Okella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib65","unstructured":"Oksanen, J., G. L. Simpson, F. G. Blanchet, R. Kindt, P. Legendre, P. R. Minchin, R. B. O'Hara, P. Solymos, M. H. H. Stevens, E. Szoecs, H. Wagner, M. Barbour, M. Bedward, B. Bolker, D. Borcard, G. Carvalho, M. Chirico, M. De Caceres, S. Durand, H. B. A. Evangelista, R. FitzJohn, M. Friendly, B. Furneaux, G. Hannigan, M. O. Hill, L. Lahti, D. McGlinn, M.-H. Ouellette, E. Ribeiro Cunha, T. Smith, A. Stier, C. J. F. Ter Braak, J. Weedon, and T. Borman. 2025. vegan: Community Ecology Package."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.19.0267","article-title":"Differences in microbiome and virome between cattle and horses in the same farm","volume":"33","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173422","article-title":"Comparison of culture and a multiplex probe PCR for identifying Mycoplasma species in bovine milk, semen and swab samples","volume":"12","author":"Parker","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15135","article-title":"A review of mycoplasma diagnostics in cattle","volume":"32","author":"Parker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2011.03.016","article-title":"Between-herd prevalence of Mycoplasma bovis in bulk milk in Flanders, Belgium","volume":"92","author":"Passchyn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib70","author":"Pedregosa"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib71","author":"Perveen"},{"issue":"D1","key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: Improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib73","author":"R Core Team"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10381","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13023","article-title":"A 100-Year Review: Mastitis detection, management, and prevention","volume":"100","author":"Ruegg","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-023-00832-5","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides act on the rumen microbiome and metabolome affecting the performance of castrated bulls","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1404991","article-title":"Characteristics of rumen microbiota and Prevotella isolates found in high propionate and low methane-producing dairy cows","volume":"15","author":"Shinkai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-04699-8","article-title":"Prevalence and transmission patterns of Mycoplasma bovis in comingled Holstein dairy heifers from two different parent farms","volume":"21","author":"Smith","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4309","article-title":"Epidemiology of Mycoplasma bovis in Pennsylvania veal calves","volume":"95","author":"Soehnlen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00167","article-title":"Using biosecurity measures to combat respiratory disease in cattle: The Norwegian control program for bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bovine coronavirus","volume":"7","author":"Stokstad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-014-0256-x","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Mycoplasma bovis strains isolated from cattle in Hungary, Central Europe","volume":"10","author":"Sulyok","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2021.08.001","article-title":"Mycoplasma bovis may travel along the eustachian tube to cause meningitis in Japanese black cattle","volume":"188","author":"Suwanruengsri","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib82","first-page":"1095","article-title":"The epidemiology of bovine respiratory disease: What is the evidence for predisposing factors?","volume":"51","author":"Taylor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-25199","article-title":"Herd-level occurrence and risk factors associated with respiratory and enteric pathogens from dairy calves in Ontario: A cross-sectional study","volume":"108","author":"Uma\u00f1a Sed\u00f3","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib84","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biochemical and molecular characterization of cellulase producing bacterial isolates from cattle dung samples","volume":"3","author":"Vyas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11082117","article-title":"Differences in microbial community composition between uterine horns ipsilateral and contralateral to the corpus luteum in beef cows on day 15 of the estrous cycle","volume":"11","author":"Walker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1712904","article-title":"Effects of different doses of oregano essential oil on growth performance, health parameters, and the gut microbiome-metabolome profile in heat-stressed Pinan cattle (Piedmontese \u00d7 Nanyang)","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI154944","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing: insights to advance clinical investigations of the microbiome","volume":"132","author":"Wensel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib88","author":"Wickham, H"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib89","author":"Wickham"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.10.1514","article-title":"Prevalence of Mycoplasma bovis in backgrounding and stocker cattle operations","volume":"230","author":"Wiggins","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3692","article-title":"Risk of Mycoplasma bovis transmission from contaminated sand bedding to naive dairy calves","volume":"94","author":"Wilson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.10.1519","article-title":"Unusual history and initial clinical signs of Mycoplasma bovis mastitis and arthritis in first-lactation cows in a closed commercial dairy herd","volume":"230","author":"Wilson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microb.2025.100251","article-title":"Comparison of fecal bacteriome of diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic calves revealed diversified community structures","volume":"6","author":"Yasmin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbe"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1490882","article-title":"The biogeography of gastrointestinal mucosal microbiota of beef cattle at harvest","volume":"15","author":"Young","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-03810-1","article-title":"Integrated microbiome and metabolome analysis reveals altered gut microbial communities and metabolite profiles in dairy cows with subclinical mastitis","volume":"25","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation11030107","article-title":"Effects of replacing rice straw with corn straw silage treated with different additives on growth performance, blood parameters, and rumen microorganisms of fattening cattle","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fermentation (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42189","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42189","article-title":"Comparative study of the gut microbiome potentially related to milk protein in Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and Chinese Holstein cattle","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12028","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231912028","article-title":"Integrative analysis of the nasal microbiota and serum metabolites in bovines with respiratory disease by 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography\/mass selective detector-based metabolomics","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28245_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13092089","article-title":"Pasteurized colostrum improves blood immunity and gastrointestinal microbiota in dairy calves from birth to 180 days of age","volume":"13","author":"Zhuang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030226017431?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030226017431?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T20:08:01Z","timestamp":1792526881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030226017431"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022030226017431"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2026-28245","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Molecular surveillance of Mycoplasmopsis bovis across dairy farms in Western Canada and 16S microbiome assessment in pneumonic calves","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dairy Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2026-28245","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}