{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:00:31Z","timestamp":1790805631728,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015175","name":"Canola Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015175","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"NSERC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000040","name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalofdairyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T23:51:43Z","timestamp":1781308303000},"page":"9409-9424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effect of the type of protein supplementation on splanchnic and mammary metabolism of dairy cows fed grass silage\u2013based diets"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9835-0767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.R.","family":"Ouellet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4310-1077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Pellerin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1162-7226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Lapierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(95)76871-0","article-title":"Responses in urea and true protein of milk to different protein feeding schemes for dairy cows","volume":"78","author":"Baker","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9645","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-20053","article-title":"Diet supplementation with canola meal improves milk production, reduces enteric methane emissions, and shifts nitrogen excretion from urine to feces in dairy cows","volume":"104","author":"Benchaar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib3","series-title":"Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Volume VIII: Metabolites 3: Lipids, Amino Acids and Related Compounds","first-page":"454","article-title":"Ammonia","author":"Bergmeyer","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(07)71565-5","article-title":"Ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of protein and amino acids in treated soybean meal products","volume":"90","author":"Borucki Castro","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3947","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0638","article-title":"The relative merit of urinal undegradable protein from soybean meal or soluble fiber from beet pulp to improve nitrogen utilization in dairy cows","volume":"91","author":"Borucki Castro","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5672","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9563","article-title":"Replacing dietary soybean meal with canola meal improves production and efficiency of lactating dairy cows","volume":"98","author":"Broderick","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0231(19991115)13:21<2080::AID-RCM755>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Quantitation of blood and plasma amino acids using isotope dilution electron impact gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry with U-13C amino acids as internal standards","volume":"13","author":"Calder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib8","article-title":"Canadian Council","volume":"Vol. 1","author":"Canadian Council on Animal Care","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(93)77400-7","article-title":"Mammary amino acid utilization in dairy cows fed fat and its relationship to milk protein depression","volume":"76","author":"Cant","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2021.1884005","article-title":"Effects of 00-rapeseed meal inclusion in Parmigiano Reggiano hay-based ration on dairy cows' production, reticular pH and fibre digestibility","volume":"20","author":"Cavallini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7127","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26291","article-title":"Effects of replacing canola meal with extruded soybean meals on lactational performance and enteric gas emissions in dairy cows","volume":"108","author":"Cueva","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6198","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22818","article-title":"Production effects of extruded soybean meal replacing canola meal in the diet of lactating dairy cows","volume":"106","author":"Cueva","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3264","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-3033","article-title":"Changes in production and mammary metabolism of dairy cows in response to essential and nonessential amino acid infusions","volume":"93","author":"Doepel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4325","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0124","article-title":"Effect of glutamine supplementation on splanchnic metabolism in lactating dairy cows","volume":"90","author":"Doepel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9262","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-24922","article-title":"Effects of protein and forage source on performance, and splanchnic and mammary net fluxes of nutrients in lactating dairy cows","volume":"107","author":"Galindo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5558","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3978","article-title":"Effect of amino acid or casein supply on whole-body, splanchnic, and mammary glucose kinetics in lactating dairy cows","volume":"94","author":"Galindo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2005.10.051","article-title":"Improved HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of allantoin, uric acid and creatinine in cattle urine","volume":"832","author":"George","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3951","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8656","article-title":"Changes in mammary metabolism in response to the provision of an ideal amino acid profile at 2 levels of metabolizable protein supply in dairy cows: Consequences on efficiency","volume":"98","author":"Haque","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas2011-029","article-title":"Evaluation of canola meal as a protein supplement for dairy cows: A review and a meta-Analysis","volume":"91","author":"Huhtanen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1352","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the effects of dietary protein concentration and degradability on milk protein yield and milk N efficiency in dairy cows","volume":"92","author":"Huhtanen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas89-025","article-title":"Hepatic urea synthesis and site and rate of urea removal from blood of beef steers fed alfalfa hay or a high concentrate diet","volume":"69","author":"Huntington","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(89)79270-5","article-title":"Techniques for measuring blood flow in splanchnic tissues of cattle","volume":"72","author":"Huntington","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1969.216.4.946","article-title":"Simultaneous measurements of hepatic and portal venous blood flow in the sheep and dog","volume":"216","author":"Katz","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib24","first-page":"231","article-title":"Quantification of whole blood short-chain fatty acids by gas chromatographic determination of plasma 2-chloroethyl derivatives and correction for dilution space in erythrocytes","volume":"50","author":"Kristensen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Agric. Scand. A Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5752","article-title":"Effect of diet composition and incubation time on feed indigestible neutral detergent fiber concentration in dairy cow","volume":"96","author":"Krizsan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4645","article-title":"Triennial Lactation Symposium: Mammary metabolism of amino acids in dairy cows","volume":"90","author":"Lapierre","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100833","article-title":"Review: How the efficiency of utilization of essential amino acids can be applied in dairy cow nutrition","volume":"17","author":"Lapierre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animal"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731119003173","article-title":"Review: Impact of protein and energy supply on the fate of amino acids from absorption to milk protein in dairy cows","volume":"14","author":"Lapierre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6042","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5581","article-title":"Rumen-protected lysine, methionine, and histidine increase milk protein yield in dairy cows fed a metabolizable protein-deficient diet","volume":"95","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19960028","article-title":"The fate of absorbed and exogenous ammonia as influenced by forage or forage-concentrate diets in growing sheep","volume":"76","author":"Lobley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-763","article-title":"Effects of the method of conservation of timothy on nitrogen metabolism in lactating dairy cows","volume":"90","author":"Martineau","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5740","article-title":"Feeding canola meal to dairy cows: A meta-analysis on lactational responses","volume":"96","author":"Martineau","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12318","article-title":"Two-stage rumen cannulation technique in dairy cows","volume":"44","author":"Martineau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6941","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27795","article-title":"Trans-organ net fluxes of essential amino acids and their calculated efficiency of utilization in dairy cows: A meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Martineau","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7806","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-6976","article-title":"Effect of substitution of soybean meal by canola meal or distillers grains in dairy rations on amino acid and glucose availability","volume":"96","author":"Maxin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114500000386","article-title":"Influence of hepatic ammonia removal on ureagenesis, amino acid utilization and energy metabolism in the ovine liver","volume":"83","author":"Milano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5669","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2276","article-title":"Canola meal replacing distillers grains with solubles for lactating dairy cows","volume":"92","author":"Mulrooney","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4895","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-25773","article-title":"Effects of canola meal or soybean meal on duodenal flow of nitrogen fractions in dairy cows","volume":"108","author":"Nadon","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib39","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 8th rev. ed.","author":"NASEM (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine)","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib40","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed.","author":"NRC","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19950023","article-title":"Metabolic implications of ammonia production in the ruminant","volume":"54","author":"Parker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13392","article-title":"Effects of replacing soybean meal with canola meal or treated canola meal on ruminal digestion, omasal nutrient flow, and performance in lactating dairy cows","volume":"101","author":"Paula","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-16947","article-title":"Effects of replacing soybean meal with canola meal for lactating dairy cows fed 3 different ratios of alfalfa to corn silage","volume":"103","author":"Paula","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17186","article-title":"Production and nitrogen metabolism in lactating dairy cows fed finely ground field pea plus soybean meal or canola meal with or without rumen-protected methionine supplementation","volume":"103","author":"Pereira","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3461","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73481-5","article-title":"Effect of level of metabolizable protein on splanchnic flux","volume":"87","author":"Raggio","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/122.suppl_3.850","article-title":"Metabolism of nitrogenous compounds by ruminant liver","volume":"122","author":"Reynolds","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3949","article-title":"Effects of nitrogen supply on inter-organ fluxes of urea-N and renal urea-N kinetics in lactating Holstein cows","volume":"94","author":"R\u00f8jen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib48","series-title":"SAS\u00ae Version 9.4M8.","author":"SAS Institute Inc","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859612000561","article-title":"A review of factors influencing milk urea concentration and its relationship with urinary urea excretion in lactating dairy cattle","volume":"151","author":"Spek","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28332_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19810056","article-title":"The maximum capacity of the liver of the adult dairy cow to metabolize ammonia","volume":"46","author":"Symonds","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002203022602936X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002203022602936X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:29:57Z","timestamp":1790803797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002203022602936X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S002203022602936X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2026-28332","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effect of the type of protein supplementation on splanchnic and mammary metabolism of dairy cows fed grass silage\u2013based diets","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dairy Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2026-28332","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2026","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}