{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:13:43Z","timestamp":1790108023627,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2529093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2529093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024787","name":"Hatch","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PEN04910"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEN04910"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024787","name":"Hatch","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NC2042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NC2042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"USDA NIFA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalofdairyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:58:43Z","timestamp":1790006323000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stakeholder perspectives on dairy calf management challenges in North America"],"prefix":"10.3168","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4963-064X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.C.","family":"Cantor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0942-0899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rielle K.","family":"Perttu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Spindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5066-6874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Mansfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5455","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-6308","article-title":"Effect of group size on behavior, health, production, and welfare of veal calves","volume":"91","author":"Abdelfattah","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib2","author":"Cantor"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2013.12.022","article-title":"Effects of milk feeding volume and frequency on body weight and health of dairy heifer calves","volume":"161","author":"Conneely","year":"2014","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.103895","article-title":"Impact of feeding and housing systems on disease incidence in dairy calves","volume":"179","author":"Curtis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib5","author":"Dairy 2014 Health and Management Practices on U.S. Dairy Operations"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib6","author":"DCHA. Dairy Calf and Heifer Association Gold Standards"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1503915","article-title":"Costa, and David L. Renaud. Understanding barriers to veterinary involvement in dairy calf health management","volume":"12","author":"Edwards","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15020181","article-title":"A Framework for Comprehensive Dairy Calf Health Investigations","volume":"15","author":"Edwards","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(93)77462-7","article-title":"Management Risk Factors Associated with Calf Diarrhea in Michigan Dairy Herds","volume":"76","author":"Frank","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib10","series-title":"Statistics in Psychology and Education","author":"Garrett","year":"1969"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(86)80442-8","article-title":"Calf Management Practices and Health Management Decisions on Large Dairies","volume":"69","author":"Goodger","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.21423\/bovine-vol45no1p70-77","article-title":"Efficacy of a New Navel Dip to Prevent Umbilical Infection in Dairy Calves","volume":"45","author":"Grover","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bovine Practit"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00625","article-title":"Effects of Housing System on Dairy Heifer Replacement Cost from Birth to Calving: Evaluating Costs of Confinement, Dry-Lot, and Pasture-Based Systems and Their Impact on Total Rearing Investment","volume":"7","author":"Hawkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib14","article-title":"Hygiene management in newborn individually housed dairy calves focusing on housing and feeding practices","volume":"99","author":"Heinemann","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3725","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27925","article-title":"Associations of growth rates during the first 2 months of life with feeding behavior, development, and first-lactation performance in Holstein heifers","volume":"109","author":"Hemmert","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00117","article-title":"Welfare effects of the use of a combination of local anesthesia and NSAID for disbudding analgesia in dairy calves\u2014reviewed across different welfare concerns","volume":"5","author":"Herskin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-18865","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of associations between herd-level calf mortality rates, compliance with legislation on calf welfare, and milk feeding management in Norwegian dairy herds","volume":"104","author":"Johnsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5675","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12501","article-title":"Factors associated with dairy calf health in automated feeding systems in the Upper Midwest United States","volume":"100","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7583","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14775","article-title":"Regional management practices and prevalence of bovine respiratory disease in California's preweaned dairy calves","volume":"102","author":"Karle","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7611","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17955","article-title":"Consensus recommendations on calf- and herd-level passive immunity in dairy calves in the United States","volume":"103","author":"Lombard","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.238","article-title":"Development of a novel clinical scoring system for on-farm diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves","volume":"2","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7288","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14773","article-title":"Management factors associated with bovine respiratory disease in preweaned calves on California dairies: The BRD 100 study","volume":"102","author":"Maier","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315617444","article-title":"Sample size in qualitative interview studies: Guided by information power","volume":"26","author":"Malterud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Qual. Health Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2007.10.002","article-title":"Newborn Dairy Calf Management. Veterinary Clinics of North American","volume":"24","author":"Mee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1480851","article-title":"Risk factors for omphalitis in neonatal dairy calves","volume":"11","author":"Meier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4038","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27550","article-title":"What participants learned from a standard operating procedure\u2013based e-learning course in calf care\u2014A mixed methods evaluation. 2026","volume":"109","author":"Neukirchner","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11102829","article-title":"Stakeholder perceptions of disease management for dairy calves: it's just little things that make such a big difference","volume":"11","author":"Palczynski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10709","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-18907","article-title":"Technical note: Is fecal consistency scoring an accurate measure of fecal dry matter in dairy calves?","volume":"103","author":"Renaud","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib29","first-page":"6522","article-title":"Management strategies and perceived barriers regarding calf health on Canadian dairy farms","volume":"103","author":"Renaud","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11100453","article-title":"An Expert Consensus Study Regarding Management Practices to Prevent Infectious Mortality in Preweaned Beef Calves in Western Canada","volume":"11","author":"Sanguinetti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11995","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20411","article-title":"Disbudding and dehorning practices for preweaned dairy calves by farmers in Wisconsin, USA","volume":"104","author":"Saraceni","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11170","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14919","article-title":"Hot topic: Management of cull dairy cows\u2014Consensus of an expert consultation in Canada","volume":"101","author":"Stojkov","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2005.08.021","article-title":"The effect of group size on health and growth rate of Swedish dairy calves housed in pens with automatic milk-feeders","volume":"16","author":"Svensson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9229","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-14019","article-title":"Preweaned heifer management on US dairy operations: Part V. Factors associated with morbidity and mortality in preweaned dairy heifer calves","volume":"101","author":"Urie","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6083","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21418","article-title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of a single application of 7% iodine tincture umbilical dip as a prevention of infection of the external umbilical structures in dairy calves","volume":"105","author":"Van Camp","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib36","first-page":"2270","article-title":"A survey of dairy calf management practices in Canada that affect animal welfare","volume":"93","author":"Vasseur","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28966_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1071\/AN16680","article-title":"Public concerns about dairy-cow welfare: how should the industry respond?","volume":"57","author":"Weary","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030226032947?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030226032947?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T19:56:32Z","timestamp":1790106992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030226032947"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0022030226032947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2026-28966","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Stakeholder perspectives on dairy calf management challenges in North America","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dairy Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2026-28966","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}