{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:12:39Z","timestamp":1790107959436,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004387","name":"Cargill Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004387","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalofdairyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:59:59Z","timestamp":1790006399000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of phytogenic supplementation at different dietary protein concentrations on performance, rumen fermentation, and nutrient digestibility in lactating dairy diets"],"prefix":"10.3168","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Alfaro-Diaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Siregar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Saikumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Salas-Solis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Arriola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.A.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Aubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Vyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8444","DOI":"10.3390\/su14148444","article-title":"Influence of functional feed supplements on the milk production efficiency, feed utilization, blood metabolites, and health of Holstein cows during mid-lactation","volume":"14","author":"AlSuwaiegh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib2","first-page":"234","article-title":"Effect of diet manipulation in dairy cow N balance and nitrogen oxides emissions from grasslands in northern Spain","volume":"93","author":"Arriaga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.23.011702.073408","article-title":"Nutritional regulation of milk fat synthesis","volume":"23","author":"Bauman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3392","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2111","article-title":"Short communication: Assessment of the potential of cinnamaldehyde, condensed tannins, and saponins to modify milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows","volume":"92","author":"Benchaar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73721-7","article-title":"Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows","volume":"86","author":"Broderick","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(80)82888-8","article-title":"Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media","volume":"63","author":"Broderick","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib7","first-page":"4444","article-title":"Effects of dietary protein concentration and soybean meal supplementation on milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows","volume":"90","author":"Cabrita","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-644","article-title":"Essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial fermentation","volume":"90","author":"Calsamiglia","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5747","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-21786","article-title":"Changes in fermentation profile of the reticulorumen and hindgut, and nutrient digestion in dry cows fed concentrate-rich diets supplemented with a phytogenic feed additive","volume":"105","author":"Castillo-Lopez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib10","series-title":"Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives- and overview of the technical details","first-page":"1","author":"Chen","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(99)75530-X","article-title":"Milk yield and composition during abomasal infusion of conjugated linoleic acids in dairy cows","volume":"82","author":"Chouinard","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S175","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa138","article-title":"Amino acids and the regulation of oxidative stress and immune function in dairy cattle","volume":"98","author":"Coleman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6906","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-26136","article-title":"Concepts and challenges of amino acid supply and nitrogen metabolism in dairy cattle","volume":"108","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14172518","article-title":"Combination of phytoactives in the diet of lactating Jersey cows: Effects on productive efficiency, milk composition and quality, ruminal environment, and animal health","volume":"14","author":"de Vitt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2023.115666","article-title":"Purine derivatives and creatinine urine excretion as a tool to estimate sheep feed intake","volume":"301","author":"Del Valle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3395","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1072","article-title":"Differences in thermoregulatory ability between slick-haired and wild-type lactating Holstein cows in response to acute heat stress","volume":"91","author":"Dikmen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-16996","article-title":"Altered rumen fermentation patterns in lactating dairy cows supplemented with phytochemicals improve milk production and efficiency","volume":"103","author":"Grazziotin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2022.115516","article-title":"Using supplemental condensed tannin to mitigate tall fescue toxicosis in non-pregnant, non-lactating ewes consuming tall fescue silage","volume":"295","author":"Grote","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.15-012","article-title":"Determination of dietary starch in animal feeds and pet food by an enzymatic-colorimetric method: Collaborative study","volume":"98","author":"Hall","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4141\/CJAS10034","article-title":"Ammonia emissions from dairy farms and beef feedlots","volume":"91","author":"Hristov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)70039-9","article-title":"A meta-analysis examining the relationship among dietary factors, dry matter intake, and milk and milk protein yield in dairy cows","volume":"87","author":"Hristov","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1352","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the effects of dietary protein concentration and degradability on milk protein yield and milk N efficiency in dairy cows","volume":"92","author":"Huhtanen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Intake, milk production, ruminal, and feed efficiency responses to dietary cation-anion difference by lactating dairy cows","volume":"98","author":"Iwaniuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.2527\/1993.713753x","article-title":"Technical note: an improved method to quantify nonesterified fatty acids in bovine plasma","volume":"71","author":"Johnson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(98)75825-4","article-title":"Using milk urea nitrogen to predict nitrogen excretion and utilization efficiency in lactating dairy cows","volume":"81","author":"Jonker","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0265","article-title":"Principal component and multivariate analysis of milk long-chain fatty acid composition during diet-induced milk fat depression","volume":"91","author":"Kadegowda","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2020.1746322","article-title":"Phytogenic feed additives mixture enhances the lactational performance, feed utilization and ruminal fermentation of Friesian cows","volume":"32","author":"Kholif","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E223","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(01)70222-6","article-title":"Nitrogen recycling in the ruminant: A review","volume":"84","author":"Lapierre","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9581","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22146","article-title":"Production performance of Holstein cows at 4 stages of lactation fed 4 dietary crude protein concentrations","volume":"105","author":"Letelier","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skae241","article-title":"Effects of betaine supplementation on dry matter intake, milk characteristics, plasma non-esterified fatty acids, and \u03b2-hydroxybutyric acid in dairy cattle: A meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Malik","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2748","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10427","article-title":"Casein infusion rate influences feed intake differently depending on metabolizable protein balance in dairy cows: A multilevel meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Martineau","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib32","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle","author":"NASEM. (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine)","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib33","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle","author":"National Research Council (NRC)","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19970143","article-title":"Influence of foliage from African multipurpose trees on activity of rumen protozoa and bacteria","volume":"78","author":"Newbold","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6327","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-9294","article-title":"Effects of dietary Capsicum oleoresin on productivity and immune responses in lactating dairy cows","volume":"98","author":"Oh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib36","series-title":"Medicinal and aromatic crops: Production, phytochemistry, and utilization","first-page":"167","article-title":"Effects of plant-derived bio-active compounds on rumen fermentation, nutrient utilization, immune response, and productivity of ruminant animals","author":"Oh","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5974","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12341","article-title":"Host-mediated effects of phytonutrients in ruminants: A review","volume":"100","author":"Oh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72238-X","article-title":"Effect of dietary crude protein concentration on milk production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows","volume":"89","author":"Olmos Colmenero","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422409990163","article-title":"The effect and mode of action of saponins on the microbial populations and fermentation in the rumen and ruminant production","volume":"22","author":"Patra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3098","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.10.3098","article-title":"Diet-induced milk fat depression in dairy cows results in increased trans-10, cis-12 CLA in milk fat and coordinate suppression of mRNA abundance for mammary enzymes involved in milk fat synthesis","volume":"133","author":"Peterson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12040879","article-title":"Advances in the application of phytogenic extracts as antioxidants and their potential mechanisms in ruminants","volume":"12","author":"Piao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3790","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27383","article-title":"Potential benefits of phytogenic additives and inactivated yeast (Pichia guilliermondii) on performance and nitrogen utilization of dairy cows during summer","volume":"109","author":"Poletti","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3025","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8397","article-title":"Predicting nitrogen excretion from cattle","volume":"98","author":"Reed","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib44","first-page":"1133","article-title":"Productive and physiological responses of lactating dairy cows supplemented with phytogenic feed ingredients","volume":"97","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5346","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-9392","article-title":"Mitigation of in vitro hydrogen sulfide production using bismuth subsalicylate with and without monensin in beef feedlot diets","volume":"93","author":"Ruiz-Moreno","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2006.01.001","article-title":"Ruminal fermentation and nitrogen metabolism in sheep fed a silage based diet supplemented with Yucca schidigera or Y. schidigera and nisin","volume":"129","author":"Santoso","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9815","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14789","article-title":"Nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and milk yield in dairy cows fed a blend of essential oils and amylase","volume":"101","author":"Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2023.115718","article-title":"Feeding phytogenic ingredients combined or not with Lithothamnium calcareum and a mycotoxin binder to lactating cows: Effects on performance, nutrient digestibility, physiological parameters, and nitrogen excretion","volume":"303","author":"Takiya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5065","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-4095","article-title":"Rumen fermentation and production effects of Origanum vulgare L. leaves in lactating dairy cows","volume":"94","author":"Tekippe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib50","author":"The Weather Company LLC"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(99)75525-6","article-title":"Effect of replacing alfalfa silage with high moisture corn on ruminal protein synthesis estimated from excretion of total purine derivatives","volume":"82","author":"Valadares","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5890","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13283","article-title":"Evaluating internal and external markers versus fecal sampling procedure interactions when estimating intake in dairy cows consuming a corn silage-based diet","volume":"101","author":"Vel\u00e1squez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2026-28978_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3576","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12241","article-title":"Effects of feeding hull-less barley on production performance, milk fatty acid composition, and nutrient digestibility of lactating dairy cows","volume":"100","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030226032959?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030226032959?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T19:56:36Z","timestamp":1790106996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030226032959"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0022030226032959"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2026-28978","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of phytogenic supplementation at different dietary protein concentrations on performance, rumen fermentation, and nutrient digestibility in lactating dairy diets","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dairy Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2026-28978","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}