{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T05:16:36Z","timestamp":1786425396045,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jdscommun.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JDS Communications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:27:45Z","timestamp":1777674465000},"page":"41-45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"S1","title":["Minimizing nutrient losses to freshwater from pasture-based dairy systems"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"R.W.","family":"McDowell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7232-400X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.A.","family":"Macintosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4165-9253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.R.","family":"Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7119-2538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O.","family":"Fenton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9805-4108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Delaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146698","article-title":"The need to integrate legacy nitrogen storage dynamics and time lags into policy and practice","volume":"781","author":"Ascott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-019-01181-2","article-title":"Nitrogen and phosphorus retention in Danish restored wetlands","volume":"49","author":"Audet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153194","article-title":"Evaluation of pollution swapping phenomena from a woodchip denitrification wall targeting removal of nitrate in a shallow gravel aquifer","volume":"820","author":"Burbery","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib4","series-title":"Relationships between nitrogen inputs, outputs in product, and surpluses in New Zealand dairy systems","author":"Chapman","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-019-01177-y","article-title":"Dairy intensification: Drivers, impacts and alternatives","volume":"49","author":"Clay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161837","article-title":"Two decades of the EU Water Framework Directive: Evidence of success and failure from a lowland arable catchment (River Wensum, UK)","volume":"869","author":"Cooper","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib7","unstructured":"Dairy Environment Leadership Group. 2013. Sustainable dairying: Water accord. A commitment to New Zealand by the dairy sector. DairyNZ, Hamilton, New Zealand."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib8","series-title":"Proceedings of the Grass-Fed Dairy Conference","first-page":"i","article-title":"Foreword","author":"Dillon","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1002\/2016GB005601","article-title":"Quantification of uncertainties in global grazing systems assessment","volume":"31","author":"Fetzel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.3390\/w12020383","article-title":"Combining tools from edge-of-field to in-stream to attenuate reactive nitrogen along small agricultural waterways","volume":"12","author":"Goeller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2000.00472425002900010020x","article-title":"A conceptual approach for integrating phosphorus and nitrogen management at watershed scales","volume":"29","author":"Heathwaite","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.3390\/su12062443","article-title":"Increasing grazing in dairy cow milk production systems in Europe","volume":"12","author":"Hennessy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2006.0015","article-title":"Role of rainfall intensity and hydrology in nutrient transport via surface runoff","volume":"35","author":"Kleinman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib14","unstructured":"Ledgard, S., M. Sprosen, A. Judge, S. Lindsey, R. Jensen, D. Clark, and J. Luo. 2006. Nitrogen leaching as affected by dairy intensification and mitigation practices in the Resource Efficient Dairying (RED) trial. Pages 263\u2013268 in Fertilizer and Lime Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.14309","article-title":"The ability of detainment bunds to decrease sediments transported from pastoral catchments in surface runoff","volume":"35","author":"Levine","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hydrol. Processes"},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-018-1012-4","article-title":"A review of regulations and guidelines related to winter manure application","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.08.272","article-title":"Transforming soil phosphorus fertility management strategies to support the delivery of multiple ecosystem services from agricultural systems","volume":"649","author":"Macintosh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2024.109261","article-title":"A 10-year evaluation of management practices and nutrient losses from dairy farms in New Zealand \u2013 Trends and drivers","volume":"377","author":"Macintosh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.03.056","article-title":"Estimating the mitigation of anthropogenic loss of phosphorus in New Zealand grassland catchments","volume":"468\u2013469","author":"McDowell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s10705-015-9727-0","article-title":"A review of the policies and implementation of practices to decrease water quality impairment by phosphorus in New Zealand, the UK, and the US","volume":"104","author":"McDowell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib21","series-title":"Evidence that actions to mitigate contaminant losses from land via Farm Planning can improve water quality","author":"McDowell","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib22","series-title":"Grazed Pastures and Surface Water Quality","author":"McDowell","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57054-8","article-title":"Anthropogenic nutrient inputs cause excessive algal growth for nearly half the world's population","volume":"16","author":"McDowell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.164963","article-title":"Linking the uptake of best management practices on dairy farms to catchment water quality improvement over a 20-year period","volume":"895","author":"McDowell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2006.0347","article-title":"Sources of phosphorus lost from a grazed pasture receiving simulated rainfall","volume":"36","author":"McDowell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-022-00644-2","article-title":"Limiting grazing periods combined with proper housing can reduce nutrient losses from dairy systems","volume":"3","author":"McDowell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Food"},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2018.02.011","article-title":"Effects of agricultural land management changes on surface water quality: A review of meso-scale catchment research","volume":"84","author":"Melland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Policy"},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib28","unstructured":"Ministry for Primary Industries. 2013. The Dairying and Clean Streams Accord: Snapshot of Progress 2011\/2012. Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib29","unstructured":"Ministry for the Environment. 2021. Freshwater farm plan regulations: Initial regulatory impact analysis of the proposed options. Wellington, New Zealand."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib30","unstructured":"Ministry for the Environment. 2025. National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management 2020 amended October 2024. 70."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1080\/00288233.2021.1876741","article-title":"Quantifying contaminant losses to water from pastoral land uses in New Zealand II. The effects of some farm mitigation actions over the past two decades","volume":"64","author":"Monaghan","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Z. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/00288230709510290","article-title":"Nutrient management in New Zealand pastures - Recent developments and future issues","volume":"50","author":"Monaghan","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Z. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2012.06.010","article-title":"Groundwater age for identification of baseline groundwater quality and impacts of land-use intensification \u2013 The National Groundwater Monitoring Programme of New Zealand","volume":"456\u2013457","author":"Morgenstern","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hydrol. (Amst.)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2019.105684","article-title":"The effectiveness of streambank fencing to improve microbial water quality: A review","volume":"223","author":"Muirhead","year":"2019","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manage."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1071\/AN18572","article-title":"Profitable and resilient pasture-based dairy farm businesses in New Zealand","volume":"60","author":"Neal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-025-02165-7","article-title":"Effectiveness of riparian mitigation measures for enhancing ecosystem functions: A holistic summary of selected measures","volume":"75","author":"\u00d3 hUallach\u00e1in","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Manage."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5916","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11024","article-title":"Increased stocking rate and associated strategic dry-off decision rules reduced the amount of nitrate-N leached under grazing","volume":"99","author":"Roche","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib38","series-title":"Advances in Agronomy","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.agron.2014.09.004","article-title":"Chapter Four - The challenge of the urine patch for managing nitrogen in grazed pasture systems","author":"Selbie","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib39","series-title":"Grass Fed Dairy Conference 2018","first-page":"1","article-title":"Define and verify pasture base \u2013 How does Irish \u201cpasture fed\u201d compare to the world","author":"Shalloo","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/wej.70000","article-title":"The development of a decision framework selecting between riparian management measures for farmed land","volume":"39","author":"Stutter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Environ. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1051\/animres:2000101","article-title":"Relation between nutrition, performances and nitrogen excretion in dairy cows","volume":"49","author":"V\u00e9rit\u00e9","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Zootech."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.3390\/w12051447","article-title":"The water framework directive and agricultural diffuse pollution: Fighting a running battle?","volume":"12","author":"Wiering","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/jan.2017.8","article-title":"Feeding strategies for reducing nitrogen excretion in New Zealand milk production","volume":"5","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-024-00945-8","article-title":"Agri-environmental policies from 1960 to 2022","volume":"5","author":"Wuepper","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Food"}],"container-title":["JDS Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S266691022600089X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S266691022600089X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T16:27:41Z","timestamp":1786379261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S266691022600089X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S266691022600089X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-9102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-9102","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Minimizing nutrient losses to freshwater from pasture-based dairy systems","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JDS Communications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jdsc.2025-0934","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}