{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:10:57Z","timestamp":1790856657552,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is the treatment of choice for hydrocephalus, but the outcome is dependent on the cause of this disorder, and the procedure remains principally the preserve of pediatric neurosurgeons. The role of ETV in adult patients with hydrocephalus was therefore investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>One hundred ninety adult patients underwent ETV for hydrocephalus. Cases were defined as primary ETV (newly diagnosed, without a previously placed shunt) and secondary ETV (performed for shunt malfunctions due to infection or mechanical blockage). Causes of hydrocephalus included tumor, long-standing overt ventriculomegaly (LOVA), Chiari malformation Types I and II (CM-I and -II), aqueduct stenosis, spina bifida, and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Successful ETV was defined as resolution of symptoms with shunt independence. Operative complications and ETV failure rate were investigated according to the causes of hydrocephalus and between the primary and secondary ETV groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In the primary group, ETV was successful in 107 (83%) of 129 patients, including those with tumors (52 of 66), LOVA (21 of 24), CM-I (11 of 11 cases), CM-II (8 of 9), aqueduct stenosis (8 of 9), and IVH (2 of 2). In the secondary group, ETV was successful in 41 (67%) of 61 patients and was equally successful in cases of mechanical shunt malfunction (35 of 52 patients) and infected shunt malfunction (6 of 9 patients). The median time to ETV failure was 1.7 months in the primary group and 0.5 months in the secondary group. The majority of ETV failures occurred within the first 3 months, and thereafter, the Kaplan-Meier survival curves plateaued. There were no procedure-related deaths, and complications were seen in only 5.8% of cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The success rate of ETVs in adults is comparable, if not better, than in children. In addition to the well-defined role of ETV in the treatment of hydrocephalus caused by tumors and aqueduct stenosis, ETV may also have a role in the management of CM-I, LOVA, persistent shunt infection, and IVH resistant to other CSF diversion procedures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.10.jns17667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,13]],"date-time":"2009-03-13T13:58:14Z","timestamp":1236952694000},"page":"861-866","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["The role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in adult patients with hydrocephalus"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Jenkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool;"},{"name":"Division of Neuroscience, University of Liverpool; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Hayhurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al-Jumaily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jothy","family":"Kandasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conor L.","family":"Mallucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"b1-1100861","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E9","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in a series of 36 adult patients","volume":"19","author":"Amini","year":"2005"},{"key":"b2-1100861","series-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-36195","article-title":"Treatment of Chiari malformation, syringomyelia and hydrocephalus by neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy","volume":"45","author":"Buxton","year":"2002"},{"key":"b3-1100861","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-006-0283-4","article-title":"Third ventriculostomy vs ventriculoperitoneal shunt in pediatric obstructive hydrocephalus: results from a Swiss series and literature review","volume":"23","author":"de Ribaupierre","year":"2007"},{"key":"b4-1100861","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.95.5.0783","article-title":"Chiari I malformation: a rare cause of noncommunicating hydrocephalus treated by third ventriculostomy","volume":"95","author":"Decq","year":"2001"},{"key":"b5-1100861","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.100.4.0626","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the management of obstructive hydrocephalus: an outcome analysis","volume":"100","author":"Feng","year":"2004"},{"key":"b6-1100861","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"40","article-title":"Hydrocephalus in children with posterior fossa tumors: role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy","volume":"103","author":"Fritsch","year":"2005"},{"key":"b7-1100861","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"50","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in infants","volume":"103","author":"Fritsch","year":"2005"},{"key":"b8-1100861","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(01)00359-7","article-title":"Clinical features of late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis","volume":"55","author":"Fukuhara","year":"2001"},{"key":"b9-1100861","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/108\/6\/1211","article-title":"Initial management of hydrocephalus associated with Chiari 1\u2013syringomyelia complex by endoscopic third ventriculostomy: an outcome analysis","volume":"108","author":"Hayhurst","year":"2008"},{"key":"b10-1100861","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199904000-00062","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy: outcome analysis of 100 consecutive procedures","volume":"44","author":"Hopf","year":"1999"},{"key":"b11-1100861","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-004-0942-2","article-title":"The role of neuroendoscopy in the management of tectal gliomas","volume":"20","author":"Javadpour","year":"2004"},{"key":"b12-1100861","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1080\/0268869031000153215","article-title":"Sudden death secondary to delayed closure of endoscopic third ventriculostomy","volume":"17","author":"Javadpour","year":"2003"},{"key":"b13-1100861","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2004.02.022","article-title":"Gravitational shunt management of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adult (LOVA) hydrocephalus","volume":"12","author":"Kiefer","year":"2005"},{"issue":"6A","key":"b14-1100861","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E2","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus associated with tectal gliomas","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2005"},{"key":"b15-1100861","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2004.11.017","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the management of Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia associated with hydrocephalus","volume":"108","author":"Mohanty","year":"2005"},{"key":"b16-1100861","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"219","article-title":"Outcomes in patients undergoing single-trajectory endoscopic third ventriculostomy and endoscopic biopsy for midline tumors presenting with obstructive hydrocephalus","volume":"105","author":"O'Brien","year":"2006"},{"key":"b17-1100861","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"393","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy: an outcome analysis of primary cases and procedures performed after ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction","volume":"103","author":"O'Brien","year":"2005"},{"key":"b18-1100861","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.92.6.0933","article-title":"Pathophysiology of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults","volume":"92","author":"Oi","year":"2000"},{"issue":"4","key":"b19-1100861","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E6","article-title":"Longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults: pitfalls in treatment with endoscopic third ventriculostomy","volume":"22","author":"Rekate","year":"2007"},{"key":"b20-1100861","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.95.5.0791","article-title":"Management of hydrocephalus in pediatric patients with posterior fossa tumors: the role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy","volume":"95","author":"Sainte-Rose","year":"2001"},{"key":"b21-1100861","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.97.3.0519","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in patients with cerebrospinal fluid infection and\/or hemorrhage","volume":"97","author":"Siomin","year":"2002"},{"key":"b22-1100861","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1159\/000072871","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus secondary to central nervous system infection or intraventricular hemorrhage in children","volume":"39","author":"Smyth","year":"2003"},{"key":"b23-1100861","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/46.1.104","article-title":"How effective is endoscopic third ventriculostomy in treating adult hydrocephalus caused by primary aqueductal stenosis?","volume":"46","author":"Tisell","year":"2000"},{"key":"b24-1100861","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"437","article-title":"Initial endoscopic management of pineal region tumors and associated hydrocephalus: clinical series and literature review","volume":"100","author":"Yamini","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/110\/5\/article-p861.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/110\/5\/article-p861.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/110\/5\/article-p861.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T04:18:28Z","timestamp":1664165908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/110\/5\/article-p861.xml"}},"subtitle":["Clinical article"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2008.10.jns17667","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}}}