{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T19:09:24Z","timestamp":1773601764601,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"\nObject<\/jats:title>\nThe perineal branch of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (PBPFCN) has received little attention in the literature. Because perineal pain syndromes can be disabling and pudendal nerve surgical decompression\/block is often not efficacious, an anatomical study of this cutaneous nerve of the perineum seemed warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nMethods<\/jats:title>\nThe authors dissected 20 adult cadavers (40 sides) to identify the branching pattern and landmarks for the PBPFCN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nResults<\/jats:title>\nThis branch arose directly from the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve in 55% of sides and from the inferior cluneal nerve in 30% of sides. It was absent in 15% of sides. On average, the nerve coursed 4 cm inferior to the termination of the sacrotuberous ligament onto the ischial tuberosity. No PBPFCN was found to pierce the sacrotuberous ligament. The PBPFCN provided 2\u20133 branches to the medial thigh that continued on to the scrotum and labia major. In general, 2 small ascending branches were identified. In males, one ascending branch traveled inferior to the corpora cavernosum and anterior to the spermatic cord to cross the midline. The other ascending branch traveled to skin at the junction of the perineum and adductor tendon. A single descending branch, approximately 2 mm in diameter, traveled to the inferior scrotum anterior to the testicle in the male specimens and the lower labia majora in the female specimens. Communications between the PBPFCN and the perineal branch of the pudendal nerve were common.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusions<\/jats:title>\nEntrapment of the PBPFCN may be the cause of some forms of the perineal pain syndrome. Specific knowledge of the PBPFCN may assist surgeons in releasing and anesthetizing this cutaneous nerve of the perineum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.11.jns081248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,10]],"date-time":"2009-04-10T13:53:15Z","timestamp":1239371595000},"page":"332-335","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Surgical and anatomical landmarks for the perineal branch of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve: implications in perineal pain syndromes"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"R. Shane","family":"Tubbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marios","family":"Loukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, Grenada;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammadali M.","family":"Shoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clarian Neuroscience Institute, Indianapolis Neurosurgical Group and Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghaffar","family":"Shokouhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron A.","family":"Cohen-Gadol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clarian Neuroscience Institute, Indianapolis Neurosurgical Group and Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-1110332","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"57","article-title":"Pressure neuropathy of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve","volume":"82","author":"Arnoldussen","year":"1980"},{"key":"b2-1110332","series-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"1663","article-title":"Pudendal neuralgia, a severe pain syndrome","volume":"192","author":"Benson","year":"2005"},{"key":"b3-1110332","series-title":"Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve","author":"Bergman"},{"key":"b4-1110332","series-title":"Campbell-Walsh Urology","first-page":"56","article-title":"Anatomy of the lower urinary tract and male gentalia","author":"Brooks","year":"2007"},{"key":"b5-1110332","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"1","article-title":"The employment of local anaesthesia in the radical cure of certain cases of hernia, with a note upon the nervous anatomy of the inguinal region","volume":"31","author":"Cushing","year":"1900"},{"key":"b6-1110332","series-title":"A System of Human Anatomy: General and Special","year":"1844"},{"key":"b7-1110332","series-title":"A Manual of Anatomy","first-page":"1896","author":"Haynes"},{"key":"b8-1110332","series-title":"Anaesth Intersive Care","first-page":"350","article-title":"An approach to posterior femoral cutaneous nerve block","volume":"14","author":"Hughes","year":"1986"},{"key":"b9-1110332","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"835","article-title":"Isolation injection injury to the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve","volume":"25","author":"Iyer","year":"1989"},{"key":"b10-1110332","series-title":"Neurourol Urodyn","first-page":"306","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for pudendal neuralgia by pudendal nerve entrapment (Nantes Criteria)","volume":"27","author":"Labat","year":"2008"},{"key":"b11-1110332","series-title":"Surg Radiol Anat","first-page":"163","article-title":"Anatomical and surgical considerations of the sacrotuberous ligament and its relevance in pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Loukas","year":"2006"},{"key":"b12-1110332","series-title":"Clinically Oriented Anatomy","first-page":"357","author":"Moore","year":"2006"},{"key":"b13-1110332","series-title":"Anat Anz","first-page":"8","article-title":"Comparative morphological remarks on the origin of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve","volume":"139","author":"Nakanishi","year":"1976"},{"key":"b14-1110332","series-title":"Neurol Clin","first-page":"655","article-title":"Proximal sensory neuropathies of the leg","volume":"17","author":"Reid","year":"1999"},{"key":"b15-1110332","series-title":"Surg Radiol Anat","first-page":"93","article-title":"Anatomic basis of chronic perineal pain: role of the pudendal nerve","volume":"20","author":"Robert","year":"1998"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/111\/2\/article-p332.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/111\/2\/article-p332.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/111\/2\/article-p332.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T10:47:37Z","timestamp":1679914057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/111\/2\/article-p332.xml"}},"subtitle":["Laboratory investigation"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2008.11.jns081248","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}}}