{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T13:32:46Z","timestamp":1783776766309,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a progressive, occlusive disease of the distal internal carotid arteries associated with secondary stenosis of the circle of Willis. Symptoms include ischemic infarcts in children and hemorrhages in adults. Bypass of the stenotic vessel(s) is the primary surgical treatment modality for MMD. Superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery bypass is the most common direct bypass method. Indirect techniques rely on the approximation of vascularized tissue to the cerebral cortex to promote neoangiogenesis. This tissue may be in the form of muscle, pericranium, dura, or even omentum. This review highlights the surgical options available for the treatment of MMD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.01.focus08293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,31]],"date-time":"2009-03-31T12:12:42Z","timestamp":1238501562000},"page":"E7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Surgical management of moyamoya disease"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ali A.","family":"Baaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida;"},{"name":"Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siviero","family":"Agazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zafar A.","family":"Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Toledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Spetzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"van Loveren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0260007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"831","article-title":"Extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass for middle cerebral artery stenosis and occlusion. Operative results in 65 cases","volume":"62","author":"Andrews","year":"1985"},{"key":"b2-0260007","series-title":"Experientia","first-page":"855","article-title":"Inter omental-cerebral vascularization induced by omental graft to the rat brain","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"1978"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"b3-0260007","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"S11","article-title":"Natural history of moyamoya disease: comparison of activity of daily living in surgery and non surgery groups","volume":"99","author":"Choi","year":"1997"},{"key":"b4-0260007","series-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet","first-page":"269","article-title":"Neurologic surgery","volume":"134","author":"Donaghy","year":"1972"},{"key":"b5-0260007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"180","article-title":"Cranial burr hole for revascularization in moyamoya disease","volume":"71","author":"Endo","year":"1989"},{"key":"b6-0260007","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"223","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for symptomatic cerebral hyperperfusion after superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis in patients with moyamoya disease","volume":"71","author":"Fujimura","year":"2008"},{"key":"b7-0260007","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"134","article-title":"Surgical treatment of moyamoya disease in children: which is more effective procedure, EDAS or EMS?","volume":"2","author":"Fujita","year":"1986"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"b8-0260007","series-title":"Neuropathology","first-page":"S61","article-title":"Moyamoya disease","volume":"20","author":"Fukui","year":"2000"},{"key":"b9-0260007","series-title":"Barrow Quarterly","first-page":"22","article-title":"Burr holes for moyamoya disease","volume":"18","author":"Gerber","year":"2002"},{"key":"b10-0260007","series-title":"Arch Surg","first-page":"695","article-title":"Brain vascularization by intact omentum","volume":"106","author":"Goldsmith","year":"1973"},{"key":"b11-0260007","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"156","article-title":"Encephalo-omental synangiosis in the management of moyamoya disease","volume":"111","author":"Havlik","year":"1992"},{"key":"b12-0260007","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1342","article-title":"Surgical therapy for adult moyamoya disease. Can surgical revascularization prevent the recurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage?","volume":"27","author":"Houkin","year":"1996"},{"key":"b13-0260007","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"734","article-title":"How does angiogenesis develop in pediatric moyamoya disease after surgery? A prospective study with MR angiography","volume":"20","author":"Houkin","year":"2004"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"b14-0260007","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"S183","article-title":"The current status of the treatment for hemorrhagic type moyamoya disease based on a 1995 nationwide survey in Japan","volume":"99","author":"Ikezaki","year":"1997"},{"key":"b15-0260007","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"839","article-title":"[A basic study on omental transplantation. Vascular endothelial cell growth factor in human omentum]","volume":"31","author":"Imaizumi","year":"1991"},{"key":"b16-0260007","series-title":"Pediatr Neurol","first-page":"321","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of pediatric moyamoya disease monitored to adulthood","volume":"18","author":"Imaizumi","year":"1998"},{"key":"b17-0260007","series-title":"Neurol Res","first-page":"341","article-title":"The effect of encephalo-myo-synangiosis on abnormal collateral vessels in childhood moyamoya disease","volume":"22","author":"Irikura","year":"2000"},{"key":"b18-0260007","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"14","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of pediatric moyamoya disease treated by encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis","volume":"36","author":"Isono","year":"2002"},{"key":"b19-0260007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"679","article-title":"Treatment of moyamoya disease with STA-MCA anastomosis","volume":"49","author":"Karasawa","year":"1978"},{"key":"b20-0260007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"192","article-title":"Cerebral revascularization using omental transplantation for childhood moyamoya disease","volume":"79","author":"Karasawa","year":"1993"},{"key":"b21-0260007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"468","article-title":"Multiple burr-hole operation for adult moyamoya disease","volume":"84","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"1996"},{"key":"b22-0260007","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"125","article-title":"Surgical results in pediatric moyamoya disease: angiographic revascularization and the clinical results","volume":"109","author":"Kim","year":"2007"},{"key":"b23-0260007","series-title":"Neurosurg","first-page":"527","article-title":"Surgical treatment of moyamoya disease: operative technique for encephalo-duro-arterio-myo-synangiosis, its follow-up, clinical results, and angiograms","volume":"32","author":"Kinugasa","year":"1993"},{"key":"b24-0260007","series-title":"Pediatr Neurol","first-page":"274","article-title":"Prognosis of occlusive disease of the circle of Willis (moyamoya disease) in children","volume":"1","author":"Kurokawa","year":"1985"},{"key":"b25-0260007","series-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)","first-page":"130","article-title":"Experience of treatment of moyamoya disease at the Clinic of Neurosurgery of Kaunas University of Medicine","volume":"42","author":"Marcinkevicius","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"b26-0260007","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"S123","article-title":"Surgical techniques and the results of a frontotemporo-parietal combined indirect bypass procedure for children with moyamoya disease: a comparison with the results of encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis alone","volume":"99","author":"Matsushima","year":"1997"},{"key":"b27-0260007","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"313","article-title":"A new surgical treatment of moyamoya disease in children: a preliminary report","volume":"15","author":"Matsushima","year":"1981"},{"issue":"2","key":"b28-0260007","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E15","article-title":"Long-term outcome of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass for patients with moyamoya disease in the US","volume":"24","author":"Mesiwala","year":"2008"},{"issue":"5","key":"b29-0260007","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E5","article-title":"Long-term outcome after STA-MCA anastomosis for moyamoya disease","volume":"5","author":"Miyamoto","year":"1998"},{"key":"b30-0260007","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"105","article-title":"Indirect revascularisation for paediatric moyamoya disease: the EDAMS technique","volume":"13","author":"Ozgur","year":"2006"},{"issue":"6","key":"b31-0260007","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E7","article-title":"The history of neurosurgical procedures for moyamoya disease","volume":"20","author":"Reis","year":"2006"},{"key":"b32-0260007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"437","article-title":"Multiple bur hole surgery for the treatment of moyamoya disease in children","volume":"105","author":"Sainte-Rose","year":"2006"},{"key":"b33-0260007","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"1060","article-title":"Risk factors for neurologic deterioration after revascularization surgery in patients with moyamoya disease","volume":"85","author":"Sakamoto","year":"1997"},{"key":"b34-0260007","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"938","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of EC-IC bypass patency","volume":"138","author":"Schick","year":"1996"},{"key":"b35-0260007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"142","article-title":"Long-term outcome in children with moyamoya syndrome after cranial revascularization by pial synangiosis","volume":"100","author":"Scott","year":"2004"},{"key":"b36-0260007","series-title":"Skull Base","first-page":"15","article-title":"Surgical management of moyamoya syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Smith","year":"2005"},{"key":"b37-0260007","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"235","article-title":"Occipital artery\u2013middle cerebral artery anastomosis for cerebral artery occlusive disease","volume":"2","author":"Spetzler","year":"1974"},{"key":"b38-0260007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"484","article-title":"Alternative superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery revascularization procedure","volume":"7","author":"Spetzler","year":"1980"},{"key":"b39-0260007","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"104","article-title":"Moyamoya disease\u2013a review","volume":"14","author":"Suzuki","year":"1983"},{"key":"b40-0260007","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"343","article-title":"Changes in cerebral hemodynamics following encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS) in young patients with moyamoya disease","volume":"31","author":"Suzuki","year":"1989"},{"key":"b41-0260007","series-title":"Neurosci Lett","first-page":"214","article-title":"The cerebrospinal fluid in patients with moyamoya disease (spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis) contains high level of basic fibroblast growth factor","volume":"160","author":"Takahashi","year":"1993"},{"key":"b42-0260007","series-title":"No To Shinkei","first-page":"37","article-title":"Hypogenesis of bilateral internal carotid arteries","volume":"9","author":"Takeuchi","year":"1957"},{"key":"b43-0260007","series-title":"Childs Brain","first-page":"1","article-title":"Treatment of moyamoya disease by temporal muscle graft \u2018encephalo-myo-synangiosis\u2019","volume":"10","author":"Takeuchi","year":"1983"},{"key":"b44-0260007","series-title":"Surg Neurol","article-title":"Cerebral ischemia due to compression of the brain by ossified and hypertrophied muscle used for encephalomyosynangiosis in childhood moyamoya disease","author":"Touho","year":"2007"},{"key":"b45-0260007","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"550","article-title":"Omental transplantation using a superficial temporal artery previously used for encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis","volume":"45","author":"Touho","year":"1996"},{"key":"b46-0260007","series-title":"Indian Pediatr","first-page":"123","article-title":"Moya Moya cases treated with encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis","volume":"44","author":"Tripathi","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"b47-0260007","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E2","article-title":"Superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass: past, present, and future","volume":"24","author":"Vilela","year":"2008"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"b48-0260007","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"S58","article-title":"Moyamoya disease in Europe, past and present status","volume":"99","author":"Yonekawa","year":"1997"},{"key":"b49-0260007","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"464","article-title":"Cerebral revascularization using muscle free flap for ischemic cerebrovascular disease in adult patients","volume":"38","author":"Yoshioka","year":"1998"},{"key":"b50-0260007","series-title":"Skull Base","first-page":"27","article-title":"Moyamoya disease in adults: the role of cerebral revascularization","volume":"15","author":"Zipfel","year":"2005"},{"key":"b1-0260007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"831","article-title":"Extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass for middle cerebral artery stenosis and occlusion. Operative results in 65 cases","volume":"62","author":"Andrews","year":"1985"},{"key":"b2-0260007","series-title":"Experientia","first-page":"855","article-title":"Inter omental-cerebral vascularization induced by omental graft to the rat brain","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"1978"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"b3-0260007","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"S11","article-title":"Natural history of moyamoya disease: comparison of activity of daily living in surgery and non surgery groups","volume":"99","author":"Choi","year":"1997"},{"key":"b4-0260007","series-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet","first-page":"269","article-title":"Neurologic surgery","volume":"134","author":"Donaghy","year":"1972"},{"key":"b5-0260007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"180","article-title":"Cranial burr hole for revascularization in moyamoya disease","volume":"71","author":"Endo","year":"1989"},{"key":"b6-0260007","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"223","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for symptomatic cerebral hyperperfusion after superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis in patients with moyamoya disease","volume":"71","author":"Fujimura","year":"2008"},{"key":"b7-0260007","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"134","article-title":"Surgical treatment of moyamoya disease in children: which is more effective procedure, EDAS or EMS?","volume":"2","author":"Fujita","year":"1986"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"b8-0260007","series-title":"Neuropathology","first-page":"S61","article-title":"Moyamoya disease","volume":"20","author":"Fukui","year":"2000"},{"key":"b9-0260007","series-title":"Barrow Quarterly","first-page":"22","article-title":"Burr holes for moyamoya disease","volume":"18","author":"Gerber","year":"2002"},{"key":"b10-0260007","series-title":"Arch Surg","first-page":"695","article-title":"Brain vascularization by intact omentum","volume":"106","author":"Goldsmith","year":"1973"},{"key":"b11-0260007","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"156","article-title":"Encephalo-omental synangiosis in the management of moyamoya disease","volume":"111","author":"Havlik","year":"1992"},{"key":"b12-0260007","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1342","article-title":"Surgical therapy for adult moyamoya disease. Can surgical revascularization prevent the recurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage?","volume":"27","author":"Houkin","year":"1996"},{"key":"b13-0260007","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"734","article-title":"How does angiogenesis develop in pediatric moyamoya disease after surgery? A prospective study with MR angiography","volume":"20","author":"Houkin","year":"2004"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"b14-0260007","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"S183","article-title":"The current status of the treatment for hemorrhagic type moyamoya disease based on a 1995 nationwide survey in Japan","volume":"99","author":"Ikezaki","year":"1997"},{"key":"b15-0260007","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"839","article-title":"[A basic study on omental transplantation. Vascular endothelial cell growth factor in human omentum]","volume":"31","author":"Imaizumi","year":"1991"},{"key":"b16-0260007","series-title":"Pediatr Neurol","first-page":"321","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of pediatric moyamoya disease monitored to adulthood","volume":"18","author":"Imaizumi","year":"1998"},{"key":"b17-0260007","series-title":"Neurol Res","first-page":"341","article-title":"The effect of encephalo-myo-synangiosis on abnormal collateral vessels in childhood moyamoya disease","volume":"22","author":"Irikura","year":"2000"},{"key":"b18-0260007","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"14","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of pediatric moyamoya disease treated by encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis","volume":"36","author":"Isono","year":"2002"},{"key":"b19-0260007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"679","article-title":"Treatment of moyamoya disease with STA-MCA anastomosis","volume":"49","author":"Karasawa","year":"1978"},{"key":"b20-0260007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"192","article-title":"Cerebral revascularization using omental transplantation for childhood moyamoya disease","volume":"79","author":"Karasawa","year":"1993"},{"key":"b21-0260007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"468","article-title":"Multiple burr-hole operation for adult moyamoya disease","volume":"84","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"1996"},{"key":"b22-0260007","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"125","article-title":"Surgical results in pediatric moyamoya disease: angiographic revascularization and the clinical results","volume":"109","author":"Kim","year":"2007"},{"key":"b23-0260007","series-title":"Neurosurg","first-page":"527","article-title":"Surgical treatment of moyamoya disease: operative technique for encephalo-duro-arterio-myo-synangiosis, its follow-up, clinical results, and angiograms","volume":"32","author":"Kinugasa","year":"1993"},{"key":"b24-0260007","series-title":"Pediatr Neurol","first-page":"274","article-title":"Prognosis of occlusive disease of the circle of Willis (moyamoya disease) in children","volume":"1","author":"Kurokawa","year":"1985"},{"key":"b25-0260007","series-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)","first-page":"130","article-title":"Experience of treatment of moyamoya disease at the Clinic of Neurosurgery of Kaunas University of Medicine","volume":"42","author":"Marcinkevicius","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"b26-0260007","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"S123","article-title":"Surgical techniques and the results of a frontotemporo-parietal combined indirect bypass procedure for children with moyamoya disease: a comparison with the results of encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis alone","volume":"99","author":"Matsushima","year":"1997"},{"key":"b27-0260007","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"313","article-title":"A new surgical treatment of moyamoya disease in children: a preliminary report","volume":"15","author":"Matsushima","year":"1981"},{"issue":"2","key":"b28-0260007","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E15","article-title":"Long-term outcome of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass for patients with moyamoya disease in the US","volume":"24","author":"Mesiwala","year":"2008"},{"issue":"5","key":"b29-0260007","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E5","article-title":"Long-term outcome after STA-MCA anastomosis for moyamoya disease","volume":"5","author":"Miyamoto","year":"1998"},{"key":"b30-0260007","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"105","article-title":"Indirect revascularisation for paediatric moyamoya disease: the EDAMS technique","volume":"13","author":"Ozgur","year":"2006"},{"issue":"6","key":"b31-0260007","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E7","article-title":"The history of neurosurgical procedures for moyamoya disease","volume":"20","author":"Reis","year":"2006"},{"key":"b32-0260007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"437","article-title":"Multiple bur hole surgery for the treatment of moyamoya disease in children","volume":"105","author":"Sainte-Rose","year":"2006"},{"key":"b33-0260007","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"1060","article-title":"Risk factors for neurologic deterioration after revascularization surgery in patients with moyamoya disease","volume":"85","author":"Sakamoto","year":"1997"},{"key":"b34-0260007","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"938","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of EC-IC bypass patency","volume":"138","author":"Schick","year":"1996"},{"key":"b35-0260007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"142","article-title":"Long-term outcome in children with moyamoya syndrome after cranial revascularization by pial synangiosis","volume":"100","author":"Scott","year":"2004"},{"key":"b36-0260007","series-title":"Skull Base","first-page":"15","article-title":"Surgical management of moyamoya syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Smith","year":"2005"},{"key":"b37-0260007","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"235","article-title":"Occipital artery\u2013middle cerebral artery anastomosis for cerebral artery occlusive disease","volume":"2","author":"Spetzler","year":"1974"},{"key":"b38-0260007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"484","article-title":"Alternative superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery revascularization procedure","volume":"7","author":"Spetzler","year":"1980"},{"key":"b39-0260007","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"104","article-title":"Moyamoya disease\u2013a review","volume":"14","author":"Suzuki","year":"1983"},{"key":"b40-0260007","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"343","article-title":"Changes in cerebral hemodynamics following encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS) in young patients with moyamoya disease","volume":"31","author":"Suzuki","year":"1989"},{"key":"b41-0260007","series-title":"Neurosci Lett","first-page":"214","article-title":"The cerebrospinal fluid in patients with moyamoya disease (spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis) contains high level of basic fibroblast growth factor","volume":"160","author":"Takahashi","year":"1993"},{"key":"b42-0260007","series-title":"No To Shinkei","first-page":"37","article-title":"Hypogenesis of bilateral internal carotid arteries","volume":"9","author":"Takeuchi","year":"1957"},{"key":"b43-0260007","series-title":"Childs Brain","first-page":"1","article-title":"Treatment of moyamoya disease by temporal muscle graft \u2018encephalo-myo-synangiosis\u2019","volume":"10","author":"Takeuchi","year":"1983"},{"key":"b44-0260007","series-title":"Surg Neurol","article-title":"Cerebral ischemia due to compression of the brain by ossified and hypertrophied muscle used for encephalomyosynangiosis in childhood moyamoya disease","author":"Touho","year":"2007"},{"key":"b45-0260007","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"550","article-title":"Omental transplantation using a superficial temporal artery previously used for encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis","volume":"45","author":"Touho","year":"1996"},{"key":"b46-0260007","series-title":"Indian Pediatr","first-page":"123","article-title":"Moya Moya cases treated with encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis","volume":"44","author":"Tripathi","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"b47-0260007","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E2","article-title":"Superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass: past, present, and future","volume":"24","author":"Vilela","year":"2008"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"b48-0260007","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"S58","article-title":"Moyamoya disease in Europe, past and present status","volume":"99","author":"Yonekawa","year":"1997"},{"key":"b49-0260007","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"464","article-title":"Cerebral revascularization using muscle free flap for ischemic cerebrovascular disease in adult patients","volume":"38","author":"Yoshioka","year":"1998"},{"key":"b50-0260007","series-title":"Skull Base","first-page":"27","article-title":"Moyamoya disease in adults: the role of cerebral revascularization","volume":"15","author":"Zipfel","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/26\/4\/article-pE7.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/26\/4\/article-pE7.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/26\/4\/article-pE7.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T08:11:08Z","timestamp":1780733468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/26\/4\/article-pE7.xml"}},"subtitle":["A review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.01.focus08293","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}}}