{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T15:24:05Z","timestamp":1794324245490,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"\n Object<\/jats:title>\n The object of this study was to assess the detailed anatomical features and vascular relationships of the cisternal segment of the oculomotor nerve, and to assess the utility of MR imaging in oculomotor nerve palsy caused by abnormal compression related to arteries and tumors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n The anatomy of the oculomotor nerve was depicted using 3D Fourier transformation constructive interference in steady-state (CISS) MR imaging in 196 volunteers (392 total nerves), in 9 patients with paralysis of the oculomotor nerve, and in 1 preoperative patient with cholesteatoma in the pontine cistern. The vessels adjacent to the oculomotor nerve were detected and compared using 3D time-of-flight MR imaging. The 3D CISS multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) images of the oculomotor nerve in cadavers and in specimens from the cadavers were used to verify the oculomotor nerve shown in the 196 patients. The images were assessed with respect to the demonstration of the oculomotor nerve, the optimal display angles on MPR images, the visualized length of the nerve, neurovascular relationships, and abnormal compression caused by arteries and tumors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Three-dimensional CISS MR imaging depicted the cisternal segment of the oculomotor nerve with certainty in 100% of the patients in the transverse, sagittal, and coronal planes. Three-dimensional CISS imaging of the oculomotor nerve in 196 volunteers revealed similar results corresponding to 3D CISS MPR images of cadavers and cadaver specimens. The maximum visualized length of the oculomotor nerve was 14.61 \u00b1 2.33 mm. The angle between the oculomotor nerve and the median sagittal plane was 24.48 \u00b1 4.57\u00b0 on the left and 24.48 \u00b1 5.07\u00b0 on the right. The posterior cerebral artery was observed to contact the oculomotor nerve in 216 (55.1%) of 392 nerves, and the superior cerebellar artery was observed to contact the oculomotor nerve in 231 (58.9%) of 392 nerves. The abnormal nerve compression in 9 patients with paralysis of the oculomotor nerve was displayed well in all patients. The adjacent relationship of the oculomotor nerve in 1 preoperative patient with cholesteatoma in the pontine cistern was also demonstrated clearly.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Use of 3D CISS sequences and 3D time-of-flight sequences enables accurate identification of the cisternal segment of the oculomotor nerve, neurovascular relationships, and abnormal compression caused by arteries and tumors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.1.jns081185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,6]],"date-time":"2009-03-06T11:38:59Z","timestamp":1236339539000},"page":"1193-1200","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Anatomical features of the cisternal segment of the oculomotor nerve: neurovascular relationships and abnormal compression on magnetic resonance imaging"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Changhu","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University, Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinglin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Institute, Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangtao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University, Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lebin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University, Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University, Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ximing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University, Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-1111193","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"582","article-title":"Unilateral mydriasis without ophthalmoplegia-a sign of neurovascular compression? Case report","volume":"58","author":"Albayram","year":"2006"},{"key":"b2-1111193","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"88","article-title":"guenthner M, Perneczky A, stoeter P: Sensitivity and specificity of MRA in the diagnosis of neurovascular compression in patients with trigeminal neuralagia: a correlation of MRA and surgical findings","volume":"40","author":"Boecher-Schwarz","year":"1998"},{"key":"b3-1111193","series-title":"Eur Radiol","first-page":"2112","article-title":"Imaging the cranial nerves: Part I: methodology, infectious and inflammatory, traumatic and congenital lesions","volume":"17","author":"Borges","year":"2007"},{"key":"b4-1111193","series-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)","first-page":"276","article-title":"Three-dimensional-fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition and T2-weighted fast spin-echo magnetic resonance sequences on visualization of cranial nerves III\u2013XII","volume":"121","author":"Cheng","year":"2008"},{"key":"b5-1111193","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"227","article-title":"Hemifacial spasm: three-dimensional MR images in the evaluation of neurovascular compression","volume":"197","author":"Du","year":"1995"},{"key":"b6-1111193","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","first-page":"881","article-title":"Vascular compression of the oculomotor nerve disclosed by thin-slice magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"125","author":"Hashimoto","year":"1998"},{"key":"b7-1111193","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"889","article-title":"High-resolution MR cisternography of the cerebellopontine angle: 2D versus 3D fast spin-echo sequences","volume":"20","author":"Iwayama","year":"1999"},{"key":"b8-1111193","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"103","article-title":"Circle of Willis: morphologic variation on three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography","volume":"207","author":"Krabbe-Hartkamp","year":"1998"},{"key":"b9-1111193","series-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MR","first-page":"240","article-title":"Oculomotor motion disorders: current imaging of cranial nerves 3, 4, and 6","volume":"19","author":"Mark","year":"1998"},{"key":"b10-1111193","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"111","article-title":"Anatomic relationship of the oculomotor nuclear complex and medial longitudinal fasciculus in the midbrain","volume":"18","author":"Miller","year":"1997"},{"key":"b11-1111193","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1137","article-title":"Intraoperative three-dimensional visualization in microvascular decompression","volume":"107","author":"Tanrikulu","year":"2007"},{"key":"b12-1111193","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"539","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia: evaluation of neuralgic manifestation and site of neurovascular compression with 3D CISS MR imaging and MR angiography","volume":"228","author":"Yoshino","year":"2003"},{"key":"b13-1111193","series-title":"Eur Radiol","first-page":"1061","article-title":"Visualization of cranial nerves I-XII: value of 3D CISS and T2-weighted FSE sequences","volume":"10","author":"Yousry","year":"2000"},{"key":"b14-1111193","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1128","article-title":"Trigeminal ganglion and its divisions: detailed anatomic MR imaging with contrast-enhanced 3D constructive interference in the steady state sequences","volume":"26","author":"Yousry","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/111\/6\/article-p1193.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/111\/6\/article-p1193.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/111\/6\/article-p1193.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T05:58:26Z","timestamp":1679896706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/111\/6\/article-p1193.xml"}},"subtitle":["Clinical article"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.1.jns081185","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}}}