{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:15:19Z","timestamp":1787786119779,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Disturbance of cerebral phosphorus-containing metabolites occurs in many disease entities and has not been widely studied in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Pilot studies have indicated that hypermagnesemic treatment may improve outcome in patients with aneurysmal SAH, but the precise mechanism is not known. The authors hypothesized that, by raising intracellular brain free magnesium in aneurysmal SAH, hypermagnesemic treatment would alter the cerebral energy status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors designed the current study to use <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P-MR spectroscopy (MRS) to investigate intracellular brain free magnesium and cerebral phosphorus-containing metabolites in patients with good-grade aneurysmal SAH, both those receiving and not receiving hypermagnesemic therapy. A total of 37 eligible patients and 23 healthy volunteers were recruited. A total of 81 MRS studies were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Hypermagnesemic treatment after aneurysmal SAH produced a small (mean difference 0.018 \u00b1 0.007 mM [+ 13.0%]) but significant elevation of intracellular free magnesium during the 1st week. Aneurysmal SAH produced a depressed membrane metabolism with lower phosphodiester\/total phosphate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The MRS finding of elevated brain free intracellular magnesium after intravenous magnesium sulfate infusion is novel, and the changes in membrane metabolism provide insight into the metabolic effects of aneurysmal SAH and future pathophysiological studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.10.jns09915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,13]],"date-time":"2009-11-13T15:03:44Z","timestamp":1258124624000},"page":"763-769","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Intracellular free magnesium of brain and cerebral phosphorus-containing metabolites after subarachnoid hemorrhage and hypermagnesemic treatment: a 31P\u2013magnetic resonance spectroscopy study"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"George K. C.","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery and the"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David K. W.","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Organ Imaging,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil T.","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Organ Imaging,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann D.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Organ Imaging,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher W. K.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew T. V.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Gin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai S.","family":"Poon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery and the"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns09915","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"167","article-title":"Mapping of metabolites in whole animals by 31P NMR using surface coils","volume":"283","author":"Ackerman","year":"1980"},{"key":"b2-jns09915","series-title":"Alcohol","first-page":"131","article-title":"Role of brain [Mg2+]i in alcohol-induced hemorrhagic stroke in a rat model: a 31P-NMR in vivo study","volume":"12","author":"Altura","year":"1995"},{"key":"b3-jns09915","series-title":"Magnesium","first-page":"212","article-title":"Potassium, magnesium and membranes. Review of present status and new findings","volume":"3","author":"Bara","year":"1984"},{"key":"b4-jns09915","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1227","article-title":"Contrasts in cortical magnesium, phospholipid and energy metabolism between migraine syndromes","volume":"58","author":"Boska","year":"2002"},{"key":"b5-jns09915","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","first-page":"1903","article-title":"Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectra reveal prolonged intracellular acidosis in the brain following subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"91","author":"Brooke","year":"1994"},{"key":"b6-jns09915","series-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab","first-page":"837","article-title":"Cerebral oxygen metabolism after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"11","author":"Carpenter","year":"1991"},{"key":"b7-jns09915","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"498","article-title":"Brain energetics and circulatory control after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"45","author":"Fein","year":"1976"},{"key":"b8-jns09915","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cerebral oxygen metabolism after subarachnoid haemorrhage","volume":"1","author":"Fein","year":"1975"},{"key":"b9-jns09915","series-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol","first-page":"324","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid passage of intravenous magnesium sulfate in neurosurgical patients","volume":"9","author":"Fuchs-Buder","year":"1997"},{"key":"b10-jns09915","series-title":"Magnesium","first-page":"60","article-title":"Magnesium regulation of the glycolytic pathway and the enzymes involved","volume":"4","author":"Garfinkel","year":"1985"},{"key":"b11-jns09915","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"446","article-title":"Effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage on cerebral blood volume, blood flow, and oxygen utilization in humans","volume":"46","author":"Grubb","year":"1977"},{"key":"b12-jns09915","series-title":"Magnes Bull","first-page":"38","article-title":"Increased lipid peroxidation in rat tissues by magnesium deficiency and vitamin E depletion","volume":"16","author":"Gunther","year":"1994"},{"key":"b13-jns09915","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1014","article-title":"Cerebral circulation and metabolism in the acute stage of subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"93","author":"Hayashi","year":"2000"},{"key":"b14-jns09915","series-title":"NMR Biomed","first-page":"24","article-title":"In vivo assessment of free magnesium concentration in human brain by 31P MRS. A new calibration curve based on a mathematical algorithm","volume":"9","author":"Iotti","year":"1996"},{"key":"b15-jns09915","series-title":"Am Heart J","first-page":"188","article-title":"Magnesium: nature's physiologic calcium blocker","volume":"108","author":"Iseri","year":"1984"},{"key":"b16-jns09915","series-title":"Magn Reson Imaging","first-page":"829","article-title":"Signal profile measurements of single-and double-volume acquisitions with image-selected in vivo spectroscopy for 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"16","author":"Ljungberg","year":"1998"},{"key":"b17-jns09915","series-title":"Hepatology","first-page":"557","article-title":"Human liver regeneration: hepatic energy economy is less efficient when the organ is diseased","volume":"34","author":"Mann","year":"2001"},{"key":"b18-jns09915","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"117","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of preischemia intraarterial magnesium sulfate in reversible focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"85","author":"Marinov","year":"1996"},{"key":"b19-jns09915","series-title":"Crit Care Med","first-page":"661","article-title":"Analysis of the brain bioavailability of peripherally administered magnesium sulfate: a study in humans with acute brain injury undergoing prolonged induced hypermagnesemia","volume":"33","author":"McKee","year":"2005"},{"key":"b20-jns09915","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1450","article-title":"Postischemic intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate inhibits hippocampal CA1 neuronal death after transient global ischemia in rats","volume":"49","author":"Miles","year":"2001"},{"key":"b21-jns09915","series-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta","first-page":"51","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum: the major contributor to the PDE peak in hepatic 31P-NMR spectra at low magnetic field strengths","volume":"1111","author":"Murphy","year":"1992"},{"key":"b22-jns09915","series-title":"Magn Reson Med","first-page":"282","article-title":"Phospholipid bilayer contribution to 31P NMR spectra in vivo","volume":"12","author":"Murphy","year":"1989"},{"key":"b23-jns09915","series-title":"Neurol Res","first-page":"864","article-title":"Regional cerebral (18)FDG uptake during subarachnoid hemorrhage induced vasospasm","volume":"28","author":"Novak","year":"2006"},{"key":"b24-jns09915","series-title":"J Magn Reson","first-page":"283","article-title":"Image-selected in vivo spectroscopy (ISIS): a technique for spatially selective NMR spectroscopy","volume":"66","author":"Ordidge","year":"1986"},{"key":"b25-jns09915","series-title":"NMR Biomed","first-page":"226","article-title":"Phospholipid metabolites as indicators of cancer cell function","volume":"5","author":"Ruiz-Cabello","year":"1992"},{"key":"b26-jns09915","series-title":"Hypertens Pregnancy","first-page":"17","article-title":"Effect of magnesium on red blood cell deformability in pregnancy","volume":"24","author":"Schauf","year":"2005"},{"key":"b27-jns09915","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","first-page":"7324","article-title":"Evidence that intracellular magnesium is present in cells at a regulatory concentration for protein synthesis","volume":"82","author":"Terasaki","year":"1985"},{"key":"b28-jns09915","series-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"1435","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid levels of magnesium in patients with preeclampsia after treatment with intravenous magnesium sulfate: a preliminary report","volume":"157","author":"Thurnau","year":"1987"},{"key":"b29-jns09915","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1011","article-title":"Magnesium sulfate in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"36","author":"van den Bergh","year":"2005"},{"key":"b30-jns09915","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"306","article-title":"Subarachnoid haemorrhage","volume":"369","author":"van Gijn","year":"2007"},{"key":"b31-jns09915","series-title":"J Magn Reson","first-page":"35","article-title":"Improved method for accurate and efficient quantification of MRS data with use of prior knowledge","volume":"129","author":"Vanhamme","year":"1997"},{"key":"b32-jns09915","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"510","article-title":"Magnesium sulfate therapy after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"96","author":"Veyna","year":"2002"},{"key":"b33-jns09915","series-title":"J Neurochem","first-page":"2477","article-title":"Acute and prolonged alterations in brain free magnesium following fluid percussioninduced brain trauma in rats","volume":"66","author":"Vink","year":"1996"},{"key":"b34-jns09915","series-title":"J Biol Chem","first-page":"757","article-title":"Decline in intracellular free Mg2+ is associated with irreversible tissue injury after brain trauma","volume":"263","author":"Vink","year":"1988"},{"key":"b35-jns09915","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"658","article-title":"Magnesium metabolism","volume":"45","author":"Wacker","year":"1968"},{"key":"b36-jns09915","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"525","article-title":"Dose finding study of intravenous magnesium sulphate in transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"147","author":"Westermaier","year":"2005"},{"key":"b37-jns09915","series-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol","first-page":"142","article-title":"Intravenous magnesium sulfate after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective randomized pilot study","volume":"18","author":"Wong","year":"2006"},{"key":"b38-jns09915","series-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-98811-4_23","article-title":"Effects of magnesium sulfate infusion on cerebral perfusion in patients after aneurysmal SAH","volume":"106","author":"Wong","year":"2009"},{"key":"b39-jns09915","series-title":"Magnes Res","first-page":"60","article-title":"The effect of hypermagnesemic treatment on cerebrospinal fluid magnesium level in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"22","author":"Wong","year":"2009"},{"key":"b40-jns09915","series-title":"Magnes Res","first-page":"37","article-title":"The effect of intravenous magnesium sulfate infusion on serum levels of sodium and potassium in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"20","author":"Wong","year":"2007"},{"key":"b41-jns09915","series-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis","first-page":"223","article-title":"Use of 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study the effect of cortical magnesium and energy metabolism after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2008"},{"key":"b42-jns09915","series-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol","first-page":"H415","article-title":"Role of Cav1.2 L-type Ca2+ channels in vascular tone: effects of nifedipine and Mg2+","volume":"292","author":"Zhang","year":"2007"},{"key":"b43-jns09915","series-title":"Science","first-page":"1921","article-title":"Reduction of voltage-dependent Mg2+ blockade of NMDA current in mechanically injured neurons","volume":"274","author":"Zhang","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/113\/4\/article-p763.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/113\/4\/article-p763.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/113\/4\/article-p763.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T04:40:33Z","timestamp":1679892033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/113\/4\/article-p763.xml"}},"subtitle":["Clinical article"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.10.jns09915","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]}}}