{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T21:15:53Z","timestamp":1760908553085},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"\nObject<\/jats:title>\nSkeletal dysplasias are a heterogeneous group of disorders that affect bone development and can result in reduced vertebral body growth and short stature. The level of the conus medullaris is unknown in this population. The purpose of this review was to determine the level of the conus in a population of pediatric patients with skeletal dysplasia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nMethods<\/jats:title>\nA retrospective chart review of a 7-year period was undertaken at a tertiary care pediatric hospital to identify patients in whom skeletal dysplasia had been diagnosed. Radiographs and MR imaging studies were evaluated to discern the level of the conus with respect to the bony vertebral column.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nResults<\/jats:title>\nFour hundred sixty-seven patients with skeletal dysplasia were identified. One hundred eleven patients had quality MR images. Forty-seven different skeletal dysplasias were observed. The mean conus level was found at the L-1 vertebral body. No difference was noted with respect to the age of the patients or the type of skeletal dysplasia. Two patients (1.7%) had a conus level lower than L-2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusions<\/jats:title>\nSkeletal dysplasia leads to abnormal bone formation and can result in short stature. The location of the conus with respect to the vertebral bodies appears to be stable at the L-1 level regardless of patient age or the type of skeletal dysplasia involved. However, the appearance of a low-level conus and associated tethered cord syndrome may be slightly increased in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.12.peds09364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,30]],"date-time":"2010-04-30T14:09:53Z","timestamp":1272636593000},"page":"455-459","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Level of the conus in pediatric patients with skeletal dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Deanna M.","family":"Sasaki-Adams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey W.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gela","family":"Bajelidze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo C.","family":"Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William G.","family":"Mackenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann M.","family":"Ritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0050455","series-title":"Anat Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091380308","article-title":"Neural crest from the forebrain in mammals","volume":"138","author":"Bartelmez","year":"1960"},{"key":"b2-0050455","series-title":"Contrib Embryol Carnegie Instn","first-page":"1","article-title":"Development of the human embryo during the period of somite formation, including embryos with 2 to 16 pairs of somites","volume":"17","author":"Bartelmez","year":"1926"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"b3-0050455","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S174","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02278151","article-title":"Sonographic determination of the position of the conus medullaris in premature and term infants","volume":"38","author":"Beek","year":"1996"},{"key":"b4-0050455","series-title":"Clin Imaging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-7071(02)00451-5","article-title":"MR imaging determination of the normal level of conus medullaris","volume":"26","author":"Demiry\u00fcrek","year":"2002"},{"key":"b5-0050455","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"469","article-title":"Ultrasound determination of the normal location of the conus medullaris in neonates","volume":"16","author":"Hill","year":"1995"},{"issue":"2","key":"b6-0050455","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E7","article-title":"Termination of the normal conus medullaris in children: a whole-spine magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"23","author":"Kesler","year":"2007"},{"key":"b7-0050455","series-title":"Anat Rec","first-page":"559","article-title":"Regarding the length and extent of the human medulla spinalis","volume":"26","author":"McCotter","year":"1916"},{"key":"b8-0050455","series-title":"Pediatric Neurosurgery: Surgery of the Developing Nervous System","first-page":"1","article-title":"Normal and abnormal early development of the nervous system","author":"McLone","year":"1994"},{"key":"b9-0050455","series-title":"Anat Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090630409","article-title":"The caudal level of termination of the spinal cord in American whites and American negroes","volume":"63","author":"Needles","year":"1935"},{"key":"b10-0050455","series-title":"Anat Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090880108","article-title":"Vertebral level termination of the spinal cord with report of a case of a sacral cord","volume":"88","author":"Reimann","year":"1944"},{"key":"b11-0050455","series-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F67","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.77.1.F67","article-title":"Level of conus medullaris in term and preterm neonates","volume":"77","author":"Sahin","year":"1997"},{"key":"b12-0050455","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199807010-00005","article-title":"The variation of position of the conus medullaris in an adult population. A magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"23","author":"Saifuddin","year":"1998"},{"key":"b13-0050455","series-title":"J Anat Physiol","first-page":"35","article-title":"Fifth annual report of the Committee of Collective Investigation of the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland for the year 1893\u201394","volume":"29","author":"Thomson","year":"1894"},{"key":"b14-0050455","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"597","article-title":"Tethered cord syndrome: the low-lying and normally positioned conus","volume":"34","author":"Warder","year":"1994"},{"key":"b15-0050455","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"553","article-title":"Normal fetal lumbar spine on postmortem MR imaging","volume":"27","author":"Widjaja","year":"2006"},{"key":"b16-0050455","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.152.5.1029","article-title":"John Caffey award. MR imaging determination of the location of the normal conus medullaris throughout childhood","volume":"152","author":"Wilson","year":"1989"},{"key":"b17-0050455","series-title":"Pediatr Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02015359","article-title":"The conus medullaris: time of ascendence to normal level","volume":"22","author":"Wolf","year":"1992"},{"key":"b18-0050455","series-title":"J Ultrasound Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2006.25.11.1397","article-title":"Development of the fetal spinal cord: time of ascendance of the normal conus medullaris as detected by sonography","volume":"25","author":"Zalel","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/5\/5\/article-p455.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/5\/5\/article-p455.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/5\/5\/article-p455.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T12:39:32Z","timestamp":1681562372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/5\/5\/article-p455.xml"}},"subtitle":["Clinical article"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.12.peds09364","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-0707","1933-0715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-0707","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}}}