{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T08:55:31Z","timestamp":1784192131856,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) within the spinal canal and in the paraspinal region are unusual. Spinal cord and dural AVMs or arteriovenous fistulas have been the subject of numerous reports, but paraspinal malformations causing venous congestion or hemorrhage in the spinal canal are rare and present special diagnosis and management challenges. The authors review previously published reports on 16 children with paraspinal AVMs. They also describe the 17th case of a child with a paraspinal AVM who presented with a spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there has been no other case of a spinal epidural hematoma associated with a paraspinal AVM. In each of the 17 cases, the vascular lesion was successfully obliterated using endovascular therapy. Embolization with permanent occlusive agents is an effective treatment for these rare but potentially debilitating lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.2.peds08427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,22]],"date-time":"2009-09-22T12:27:37Z","timestamp":1253622457000},"page":"425-428","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Paraspinal arteriovenous malformations in children"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Ryan S.","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel E.","family":"Mawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Whitehead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Curry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Luersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Jea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0030425","series-title":"Pediatr Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2006.09.009","article-title":"Recurrent spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma in a child: first case report","volume":"36","author":"Abram","year":"2007"},{"key":"b2-0030425","series-title":"Surgical Neuroangiography: Endovascular Treatment of the Spine and Spinal Cord Lesions","first-page":"5","volume":"Vol 5","author":"Berenstein","year":"1992"},{"key":"b3-0030425","series-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am","first-page":"337","article-title":"Embolization of spinal vascular malformations","volume":"2","author":"Casasco","year":"1992"},{"key":"b4-0030425","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"359","article-title":"Small isolated paraspinal arteriovenous fistula","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"1997"},{"key":"b5-0030425","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"2044","article-title":"Paraspinal arteriovenous fistula with perimedullary venous drainage","volume":"16","author":"Cognard","year":"1995"},{"key":"b6-0030425","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"229","article-title":"Spinal cord arteriovenous malformations and the Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Djindjian","year":"1977"},{"key":"b7-0030425","series-title":"J Pediatr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2005.12.031","article-title":"Congenital paravertebral arteriovenous fistula: a case report","volume":"41","author":"Fotso","year":"2006"},{"key":"b8-0030425","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"749","article-title":"Paravertebral arteriovenous malformations with epidural drainage: clinical spectrum, imaging features, and results of treatment","volume":"20","author":"Goyal","year":"1999"},{"key":"b9-0030425","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00599202","article-title":"Paraspinal arteriovenous shunts in children","volume":"36","author":"Hui","year":"1994"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"b10-0030425","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"S195","article-title":"Classification and surgical management of spinal arteriovenous lesions: arteriovenous fistulae and arteriovenous malformations","volume":"59","author":"Kim","year":"2006"},{"key":"b11-0030425","series-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1053474","article-title":"Modern management of spinal and spinal cord vascular lesions","volume":"38","author":"Meisel","year":"1995"},{"key":"b12-0030425","series-title":"J Neuroradiol","first-page":"271","article-title":"Intraspinal extramedullary arteriovenous fistulae draining into the medullary veins","volume":"7","author":"Merland","year":"1980"},{"key":"b13-0030425","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"156","article-title":"Pediatric nonvertebral paraspinal arteriovenous fistulas along the segmental nerve: clinical, imaging, and therapeutic considerations","volume":"103","author":"Niimi","year":"2005"},{"key":"b14-0030425","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"378","article-title":"Embolization of spinal cord vascular malformations via the anterior spinal artery","volume":"4","author":"Rich\u00e9","year":"1983"},{"key":"b15-0030425","series-title":"Vascular Surgery","first-page":"1049","article-title":"Congenital vascular malformations","author":"Rosen","year":"1995"},{"key":"b16-0030425","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.67.6.0795","article-title":"Spinal arteriovenous malformations: a comparison of dural arteriovenous fistulas and intradural AVMs in 81 patients","volume":"67","author":"Rosenblum","year":"1987"},{"key":"b17-0030425","series-title":"Childs Brain","first-page":"341","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformations of the spinal cord in children","volume":"5","author":"Scarff","year":"1979"},{"key":"b18-0030425","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000215891.25153.BA","article-title":"Multisession Cyberknife radiosurgery for intramedullary spinal cord arteriovenous malformations","volume":"58","author":"Sinclair","year":"2006"},{"key":"b19-0030425","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000126878.95006.0F","article-title":"Outcome after the treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae: a contemporary single-institution series and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2004"},{"key":"b20-0030425","series-title":"J Neuroradiol","first-page":"3","article-title":"Morphological and functional anatomy of spinal cord veins","volume":"12","author":"Tadi\u00e9","year":"1985"},{"key":"b21-0030425","series-title":"The Vascular Abnormalities and Tumours of the Spinal Cord and its Membranes","author":"Wyburn-Mason","year":"1943"},{"key":"b22-0030425","series-title":"Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-7015-1_4","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformations of the spinal cord","volume":"Vol 11","author":"Ya\u015fargil","year":"1984"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/3\/5\/article-p425.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/3\/5\/article-p425.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/3\/5\/article-p425.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T11:53:50Z","timestamp":1681559630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/3\/5\/article-p425.xml"}},"subtitle":["Case report"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.2.peds08427","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-0707","1933-0715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-0707","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}}}