{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:01:55Z","timestamp":1787025715208,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SPI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this systematic review was to use evidence-based medicine to examine the diagnostic and therapeutic utility of intraoperative electrophysiological (EP) monitoring in the surgical treatment of cervical degenerative disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The National Library of Medicine and Cochrane Database were queried using MeSH headings and key words relevant to cervical spine surgery and EP monitoring. The guidelines group assembled an evidentiary table summarizing the quality of evidence (Classes I\u2013III). The group formulated recommendations that contained the degree of strength based on the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines network. Validation was done through peer review by the Joint Guidelines Committee of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons\/Congress of Neurological Surgeons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The reliance on changes in EP monitoring as an indication to alter a surgical plan or administer steroids has not been observed to reduce the incidence of neurological injury during routine surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy or cervical radiculopathy (Class III). However, there is an absence of study data examining the benefit of altering a surgical plan due to EP changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the use of EP monitoring may serve as a sensitive means to diagnose potential neurological injury during anterior spinal surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy, the practitioner must understand that intraoperative EP worsening is not specific\u2014it may not represent clinical worsening and its recognition does not necessarily prevent neurological injury, nor does it result in improved outcome (Class II). Intraoperative improvement in EP parameters\/indices does not appear to forecast outcome with reliability (conflicting Class I data).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.2.spine08730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,23]],"date-time":"2011-02-23T16:42:06Z","timestamp":1298479326000},"page":"245-252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Electrophysiological monitoring during surgery for cervical degenerative myelopathy and radiculopathy"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Daniel K.","family":"Resnick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Neurological Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Groff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Heary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey\u2014New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Langston T.","family":"Holly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen V.","family":"Mummaneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy C.","family":"Ryken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanvir F.","family":"Choudhri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Vresilovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul G.","family":"Matz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurological Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0110245","series-title":"Paraplegia","first-page":"100","article-title":"Spinal cord evoked potential monitoring for cervical and thoracic compressive myelopathy","volume":"34","author":"Baba","year":"1996"},{"key":"b2-0110245","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2003.06.001","article-title":"Neurophysiological monitoring of spinal cord function during instrumented anterior cervical fusion","volume":"4","author":"Bose","year":"2004"},{"key":"b3-0110245","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199603010-00011","article-title":"Intraoperative improvements of somatosensory evoked potentials: correlation to clinical outcome in surgery for cervical spondylitic myelopathy","volume":"21","author":"Bouchard","year":"1996"},{"key":"b4-0110245","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.58.1.113","article-title":"Spinal somatosensory potential monitoring in three cases of neurological deterioration after laminectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"58","author":"Cioni","year":"1995"},{"key":"b5-0110245","series-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199601000-00005","article-title":"Monitoring of median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials during cervical spinal cord decompression","volume":"13","author":"Dennis","year":"1996"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"b6-0110245","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2006.04.022","article-title":"Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring: focus on cervical myelopathy and related issues","volume":"6","author":"Devlin","year":"2006"},{"key":"b7-0110245","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199306050-00011","article-title":"The surgical management of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in 51 patients","volume":"6","author":"Epstein","year":"1993"},{"key":"b8-0110245","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200211150-00014","article-title":"Intraoperative neurophysiologic detection of iatrogenic C5 nerve root injury during laminectomy for cervical compression myelopathy","volume":"27","author":"Fan","year":"2002"},{"key":"b9-0110245","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000141185.48145.82","article-title":"Transcranial electrical stimulation as predictor of elicitation of intraoperative muscle-evoked potentials","volume":"29","author":"Fukuoka","year":"2004"},{"key":"b10-0110245","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","first-page":"299","article-title":"Intraoperative monitoring of spinal cord function using motor evoked potentials via transcutaneous epidural electrode during anterior cervical spinal surgery","volume":"10","author":"Gokaslan","year":"1997"},{"key":"b11-0110245","series-title":"Clin Neurosurg","first-page":"407","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of acute cervical spine and spinal cord injuries","volume":"49","author":"Hadley","year":"2002"},{"key":"b12-0110245","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200406000-00018","article-title":"Comparison of transcranial electric motor and somatosensory evoked potential monitoring during cervical spine surgery","volume":"86","author":"Hilibrand","year":"2004"},{"key":"b13-0110245","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.2.273","article-title":"Two cases of quadriparesis following anterior cervical discectomy, with normal perioperative somatosensory evoked potentials","volume":"74","author":"Jones","year":"2003"},{"key":"b14-0110245","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198910000-00009","article-title":"Motor evoked potential monitoring during upper cervical spine surgery","volume":"14","author":"Kitagawa","year":"1989"},{"key":"b15-0110245","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000228724.01795.a2","article-title":"Characterization of neurophysiologic alerts during anterior cervical spine surgery","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2006"},{"key":"b16-0110245","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"493","article-title":"Intraoperative monitoring of motor function by magnetic motor evoked potentials","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"1995"},{"key":"b17-0110245","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.85.4.0566","article-title":"Somatosensory evoked potential monitoring in cervical surgery: identification of preand intraoperative risk factors associated with neurological deterioration","volume":"85","author":"May","year":"1996"},{"key":"b18-0110245","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000083237.94535.46","article-title":"Preventing C5 palsy after laminoplasty","volume":"28","author":"Sasai","year":"2003"},{"key":"b19-0110245","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01142677","article-title":"Intraoperative control by somatosensory evoked potentials in the treatment of cervical myeloradiculopathy. Results in 210 cases","volume":"6","author":"Sebastian","year":"1997"},{"key":"b20-0110245","series-title":"Ann Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410240217","article-title":"Loss of evoked potentials during spinal surgery due to spinal cord hemorrhage","volume":"24","author":"Shukla","year":"1988"},{"key":"b21-0110245","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2006.04.008","article-title":"Intraoperative somatosensory evoked potential monitoring during anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in nonmyelopathic patients: a review of 1039 patients","volume":"7","author":"Smith","year":"2007"},{"key":"b22-0110245","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-197911000-00009","article-title":"Transoral microsurgical odontoid resection and spinal cord monitoring","volume":"4","author":"Spetzler","year":"1979"},{"key":"b23-0110245","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-197911000-00008","article-title":"Somatosensory evoked potentials during decompression and stabilization of the spine. Methods and findings","volume":"4","author":"Spielholz","year":"1979"},{"key":"b24-0110245","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3013","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000250303.17840.96","article-title":"Postoperative segmental C5 palsy after cervical laminoplasty may occur without intraoperative nerve injury: a prospective study with transcranial electric motor-evoked potentials","volume":"31","author":"Tanaka","year":"2006"},{"key":"b25-0110245","series-title":"Paraplegia","first-page":"354","article-title":"Surgical treatment guided by spinal cord evoked potentials for tetraparesis due to cervical spondylosis","volume":"33","author":"Tani","year":"1995"},{"key":"b26-0110245","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.66.4.456","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy in elderly people: a high incidence of conduction block at C3\u20134 or C4\u20135","volume":"66","author":"Tani","year":"1999"},{"key":"b27-0110245","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","first-page":"514","article-title":"Diagnostic value of cervical somatosensory evoked potentials recorded from the intervertebral discs after median and ulnar nerve stimulation in cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"11","author":"Ueta","year":"1998"},{"key":"b28-0110245","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.28.546","article-title":"Monitoring of short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials during surgery for cervical cord and posterior fossa lesions\u2014changes in subcortical components","volume":"28","author":"Urasaki","year":"1988"},{"key":"b29-0110245","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2004.06.007","article-title":"Post-traumatic cervical kyphosis with surgical correction complicated by temporary anterior spinal artery syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Wenger","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/11\/2\/article-p245.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/11\/2\/article-p245.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/11\/2\/article-p245.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T17:36:07Z","timestamp":1681580167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/11\/2\/article-p245.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.2.spine08730","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}}}