{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T17:45:39Z","timestamp":1792691139258,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SPI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this systematic review was to use evidence-based medicine to identify the indications and utility of anterior cervical nerve root decompression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The National Library of Medicine and Cochrane Database were queried using MeSH headings and key words relevant to surgical management of cervical radiculopathy. Abstracts were reviewed after which studies meeting inclusion criteria were selected. The guidelines group assembled an evidentiary table summarizing the quality of evidence (Classes I\u2013III). Disagreements regarding the level of evidence were resolved through an expert consensus conference. The group formulated recommendations that contained the degree of strength based on the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines network. Validation was done through peer review by the Joint Guidelines Committee of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons\/Congress of Neurological Surgeons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anterior nerve root decompression via anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) with or without fusion for radiculopathy is associated with rapid relief (3\u20134 months) of arm\/neck pain, weakness, and\/or sensory loss compared with physical therapy (PT) or cervical collar immobilization. Anterior cervical discectomy and ACD with fusion (ACDF) are associated with longer term (12 months) improvement in certain motor functions compared to PT. Other rapid gains observed after anterior decompression (diminished pain, improved sensation, and improved strength in certain muscle groups) are also maintained over the course of 12 months. However, comparable clinical improvements with PT or cervical immobilization therapy are also present in these clinical modalities (Class I). Conflicting evidence exists as to the efficacy of anterior cervical foraminotomy with reported success rates of 52\u201399% but recurrent symptoms as high as 30% (Class III).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anterior cervical discectomy, ACDF, and anterior cervical foraminotomy may improve cervical radicular symptoms. With regard to ACD and ACDF compared to PT or cervical immobilization, more rapid relief (within 3\u20134 months) may be seen with ACD or ACDF with maintenance of gains over the course of 12 months (Class I). Anterior cervical foraminotomy is associated with improvement in clinical function but the quality of data are weaker (Class III), and there is a wide range of efficacy (52\u201399%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.3.spine08720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,23]],"date-time":"2011-02-23T16:42:06Z","timestamp":1298479326000},"page":"174-182","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Indications for anterior cervical decompression for the treatment of cervical degenerative radiculopathy"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Paul G.","family":"Matz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurological Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Langston T.","family":"Holly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Groff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Vresilovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Heary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey\u2014New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Neurological Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen V.","family":"Mummaneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy C.","family":"Ryken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanvir F.","family":"Choudhri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel K.","family":"Resnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0110174","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01456351","article-title":"Surgical and conservative treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and myelopathy","volume":"84","author":"Arnasson","year":"1987"},{"key":"b2-0110174","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2004.07.001","article-title":"Minimally invasive anterior contralateral approach for the treatment of cervical disc herniation","volume":"63","author":"Aydin","year":"2005"},{"key":"b3-0110174","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199309000-00005","article-title":"Robinson anterior cervical discectomy and arthrodesis for cervical radiculopathy. 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