{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T02:42:37Z","timestamp":1789785757225,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are benign tumors arising from the Schwann cells of cranial nerve VIII. Historically the prevailing therapy for patients with VS has been microsurgical resection. More recently, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy have gained acceptance as effective alternatives. Although the side effect profile and rates of tumor control appear to be favorable for SRS, there is a subset of radioresistant tumors that continue to progress despite properly administered radiation treatment. In this review, the authors summarize what is known about the mechanism of radioresistance in VS at the clinical and molecular level. An improved understanding of the radiobiological behavior of VS may help guide appropriate patient selection for SRS and potentially aid in the design of novel therapies to treat radioresistant tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.9.focus09185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]],"date-time":"2009-12-01T10:04:21Z","timestamp":1259661861000},"page":"E2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Radiobiology of vestibular schwannomas: mechanisms of radioresistance and potential targets for therapeutic sensitization"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Andrea H.","family":"Yeung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Sughrue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Surgery, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ari J.","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Surgery, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarik","family":"Tihan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven W.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew T.","family":"Parsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,"},{"name":"Neurological Surgery, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0270002","series-title":"Acta Otolaryngol","first-page":"223","article-title":"The human acoustic neurinoma in organ culture. 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Tissue changes after gamma irradiation","volume":"91","author":"Anniko","year":"1981"},{"key":"b2-0270002","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","first-page":"207","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced radioresistance is independent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1A in vitro","volume":"62","author":"Arvold","year":"2005"},{"key":"b3-0270002","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"2129","article-title":"Immunohistochemical demonstration of vascular endothelial growth factor in vestibular schwannomas correlates to tumor growth rate","volume":"113","author":"Cay\u00e9-Thomasen","year":"2003"},{"key":"b4-0270002","series-title":"Radiother Oncol","first-page":"317","article-title":"The radioresponsiveness of human tumours and the initial slope of the cell survival curve","volume":"2","author":"Deacon","year":"1984"},{"key":"b5-0270002","series-title":"Oncogene","first-page":"5885","article-title":"MAPK pathways in radiation 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Tissue changes after gamma irradiation","volume":"91","author":"Anniko","year":"1981"},{"key":"b2-0270002","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","first-page":"207","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced radioresistance is independent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1A in vitro","volume":"62","author":"Arvold","year":"2005"},{"key":"b3-0270002","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"2129","article-title":"Immunohistochemical demonstration of vascular endothelial growth factor in vestibular schwannomas correlates to tumor growth rate","volume":"113","author":"Cay\u00e9-Thomasen","year":"2003"},{"key":"b4-0270002","series-title":"Radiother Oncol","first-page":"317","article-title":"The radioresponsiveness of human tumours and the initial slope of the cell survival curve","volume":"2","author":"Deacon","year":"1984"},{"key":"b5-0270002","series-title":"Oncogene","first-page":"5885","article-title":"MAPK pathways in radiation responses","volume":"22","author":"Dent","year":"2003"},{"key":"b6-0270002","series-title":"Cancer Res","first-page":"7316","article-title":"Tissue-specific induction of p53 targets in vivo","volume":"62","author":"Fei","year":"2002"},{"key":"b7-0270002","series-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor: molecular and biological aspects","volume":"237","author":"Ferrara","year":"1999"},{"key":"b8-0270002","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"1023","article-title":"Effects of ErbB2 signaling on the response of vestibular schwannoma cells to gamma-irradiation","volume":"118","author":"Hansen","year":"2008"},{"key":"b9-0270002","series-title":"Cell","first-page":"849","article-title":"DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit: a relative of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the ataxia telangiectasia gene product","volume":"82","author":"Hartley","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1 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