{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T09:00:59Z","timestamp":1780736459928,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"\n Object<\/jats:title>\n The expanded endoscopic approach to craniopharyngiomas has recently been described in several small case series. The authors present their experience with this technique and review the available literature.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Between September 2006 and September 2009, 14 patients underwent a purely endoscopic, endonasal approach for resection of newly diagnosed craniopharyngiomas. These procedures represent index surgeries; no patient had undergone previous tumor resection. A retrospective review of endocrinological and ophthalmological outcomes, extent of resection, and complication prevalence was completed. Additionally, a review of the English literature was performed to evaluate outcomes of similar endoscopic techniques for resection of craniopharyngiomas.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Four patients (28.6%) underwent gross-total resection; near total resection or better was achieved in 9 patients (64.3%). All patients presented with some form of visual field or acuity deficit. Postoperatively, 12 patients (85.7%) experienced visual improvement, with 6 patients (42.9%) having complete visual recovery. One patient experienced worsening of her visual deficit. Visual acuity improved in 8 patients ((57.1%), while visual field defects improved in 11 (78.6%). The pituitary stalk was preserved in all cases. Eight (57.1%) of 14 patients experienced some form of anterior pituitary dysfunction postoperatively. Although 9 patients (64.3%) were documented to have either transient or permanent new diabetes insipidus immediately after surgery, at 1-month follow-up only 1 patient met clinical criteria. Five patients (35.7%) developed CSF leaks that were successfully treated by subsequent endoscopic revision. All CSF leaks occurred early in the series. Two patients (14.2%) were treated for presumed meningitis postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The endoscopic endonasal approach is a minimally invasive alternative to open transcranial approaches for select craniopharyngiomas. Similar to previous transcranial series, rates of endocrinopathy and gross-total resection were dependent upon the adherence of the tumor capsule to the hypothalamus, pituitary stalk, and associated vasculature. A review of the literature suggests that the results of the current series are similar to other published series on this topic.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.1.focus09292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T10:20:01Z","timestamp":1270117201000},"page":"E8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Endocrinological and ophthalmological consequences of an initial endonasal endoscopic approach for resection of craniopharyngiomas"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"McGettigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Luginbuhl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Yadla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"12","article-title":"Correlation of clinical and pathological features in surgically treated craniopharyngiomas","volume":"73","author":"Adamson","year":"1990"},{"key":"b2-0280008","series-title":"J Pediatr","first-page":"781","article-title":"Craniopharyngioma in children","volume":"83","author":"Banna","year":"1973"},{"key":"b3-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"22","article-title":"Surgical management of craniopharyngiomas. A review of 74 cases","volume":"65","author":"Baskin","year":"1986"},{"key":"b4-0280008","series-title":"Am J Rhinol","first-page":"185","article-title":"Isolated sphenoid sinusitis after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy","volume":"19","author":"Batra","year":"2005"},{"key":"b5-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"371","article-title":"Craniopharyngiomas: a critical approach to treatment","volume":"55","author":"Cabezudo","year":"1981"},{"key":"b6-0280008","series-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg","first-page":"193","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach: outcome analysis of 100 consecutive procedures","volume":"45","author":"Cappabianca","year":"2002"},{"key":"b7-0280008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"382","article-title":"Craniopharyngiomas in children","volume":"11","author":"Carmel","year":"1982"},{"key":"b8-0280008","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"16","article-title":"Endoscopic surgery of the anterior skull base","volume":"115","author":"Casler","year":"2005"},{"key":"b9-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"578","article-title":"Extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for residual or recurrent craniopharyngiomas","volume":"111","author":"Cavallo","year":"2009"},{"key":"b10-0280008","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"309","article-title":"Extended endoscopic approaches for midline skull-base lesions","volume":"32","author":"Ceylan","year":"2009"},{"key":"b11-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"650","article-title":"Long-term neurological, visual, and endocrine outcomes following transnasal resection of craniopharyngioma","volume":"102","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2005"},{"key":"b12-0280008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"539","article-title":"Variations on the standard transsphenoidal approach to the sellar region, with emphasis on the extended approaches and parasellar approaches: surgical experience in 105 cases","volume":"55","author":"Couldwell","year":"2004"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 2","key":"b13-0280008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"219","article-title":"Extended endoscopic transsphenoidal approach for extrasellar craniopharyngiomas","volume":"61","author":"de Divitiis","year":"2007"},{"key":"b14-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"73","article-title":"Management of childhood craniopharyngioma: can the morbidity of radical surgery be predicted?","volume":"85","author":"De Vile","year":"1996"},{"key":"b15-0280008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"677","article-title":"Expanded endoscopic endonasal approach for anterior cranial base and suprasellar lesions: indications and limitations","volume":"64","author":"Dehdashti","year":"2009"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"b16-0280008","series-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"355","article-title":"Surgical management of craniopharyngiomas\u2014experience with a pediatric series","volume":"19","author":"Di Rocco","year":"2006"},{"key":"b17-0280008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"291","article-title":"Long-term outcomes for surgically resected craniopharyngiomas","volume":"46","author":"Duff","year":"2000"},{"key":"b18-0280008","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"332","article-title":"Endonasal transsphenoidal surgery: the patient's perspective-survey results from 259 patients","volume":"65","author":"Dusick","year":"2006"},{"key":"b19-0280008","series-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg","first-page":"230","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal removal of an intra-suprasellar schwannoma mimicking a pituitary adenoma","volume":"47","author":"Esposito","year":"2004"},{"key":"b20-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"237","article-title":"Surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas: experience with 168 patients","volume":"90","author":"Fahlbusch","year":"1999"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 2","key":"b21-0280008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"244","article-title":"The endonasal microscopic approach for pituitary adenomas and other parasellar tumors: a 10-year experience","volume":"63","author":"Fatemi","year":"2008"},{"key":"b22-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"534","article-title":"Craniopharyngiomas in children. Long-term effects of conservative surgical procedures combined with radiation therapy","volume":"73","author":"Fischer","year":"1990"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"b23-0280008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ONS75","article-title":"The endoscopic extended transsphenoidal approach for craniopharyngiomas","volume":"59","author":"Frank","year":"2006"},{"key":"b24-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"6","article-title":"Outcomes following endoscopic, expanded endonasal resection of suprasellar craniopharyngiomas: a case series","volume":"109","author":"Gardner","year":"2008"},{"key":"b25-0280008","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"1882","article-title":"A novel reconstructive technique after endoscopic expanded endonasal approaches: vascular pedicle nasoseptal flap","volume":"116","author":"Hadad","year":"2006"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"b26-0280008","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"44","article-title":"Surgical management of 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pedicled nasoseptal flap","volume":"63","author":"Kassam","year":"2008"},{"key":"b36-0280008","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"283","article-title":"Surgical management of craniopharyngiomas","volume":"92","author":"Komotar","year":"2009"},{"key":"b37-0280008","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Transnasal surgery in the treatment of craniopharyngiomas","volume":"83","author":"K\u00f6nig","year":"1986"},{"key":"b38-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"400","article-title":"Endoscopic, endonasal extended transsphenoidal, transplanum transtuberculum approach for resection of suprasellar lesions","volume":"106","author":"Laufer","year":"2007"},{"key":"b39-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"661","article-title":"Transsphenoidal microsurgery in the management of craniopharyngioma","volume":"52","author":"Laws","year":"1980"},{"key":"b40-0280008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"715","article-title":"Surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas: an evaluation of the transsphenoidal and pterional approaches","volume":"36","author":"Maira","year":"1995"},{"key":"b41-0280008","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","first-page":"533","article-title":"Craniopharyngioma: the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital experience 1984\u20132001","volume":"53","author":"Merchant","year":"2002"},{"key":"b42-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"224","article-title":"Surgical management of the recurrence and regrowth of craniopharyngiomas","volume":"103","author":"Minamida","year":"2005"},{"key":"b43-0280008","series-title":"Principles and Practice of Neuropathology","year":"2003"},{"key":"b44-0280008","series-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)","first-page":"467","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in patients with 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Results in 20 patients","volume":"62","author":"Symon","year":"1985"},{"key":"b52-0280008","series-title":"J Pediatr","first-page":"728","article-title":"Endocrine and neurologic outcome in childhood craniopharyngioma: review of effect of treatment in 42 patients","volume":"97","author":"Thomsett","year":"1980"},{"key":"b53-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"3","article-title":"Craniopharyngioma in adults and children: a study of 122 surgical cases","volume":"97","author":"Van Effenterre","year":"2002"},{"key":"b54-0280008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1001","article-title":"Craniopharyngiomas: a clinicopathological analysis of factors predictive of recurrence and functional outcome","volume":"35","author":"Weiner","year":"1994"},{"key":"b55-0280008","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","first-page":"1313","article-title":"The role of radiation therapy in the management of childhood craniopharyngioma","volume":"17","author":"Weiss","year":"1989"},{"key":"b56-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"3","article-title":"Total removal of craniopharyngiomas. Approaches and long-term results in 144 patients","volume":"73","author":"Ya\u015fargil","year":"1990"},{"key":"b57-0280008","series-title":"Histological Typing of Tumours of the Central Nervous System","author":"Z\u00fclch","year":"1979"},{"key":"b1-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"12","article-title":"Correlation of clinical and pathological features in surgically treated craniopharyngiomas","volume":"73","author":"Adamson","year":"1990"},{"key":"b2-0280008","series-title":"J Pediatr","first-page":"781","article-title":"Craniopharyngioma in children","volume":"83","author":"Banna","year":"1973"},{"key":"b3-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"22","article-title":"Surgical management of craniopharyngiomas. A review of 74 cases","volume":"65","author":"Baskin","year":"1986"},{"key":"b4-0280008","series-title":"Am J Rhinol","first-page":"185","article-title":"Isolated sphenoid sinusitis after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy","volume":"19","author":"Batra","year":"2005"},{"key":"b5-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"371","article-title":"Craniopharyngiomas: a critical approach to treatment","volume":"55","author":"Cabezudo","year":"1981"},{"key":"b6-0280008","series-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg","first-page":"193","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach: outcome analysis of 100 consecutive procedures","volume":"45","author":"Cappabianca","year":"2002"},{"key":"b7-0280008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"382","article-title":"Craniopharyngiomas in children","volume":"11","author":"Carmel","year":"1982"},{"key":"b8-0280008","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"16","article-title":"Endoscopic surgery of the anterior skull base","volume":"115","author":"Casler","year":"2005"},{"key":"b9-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"578","article-title":"Extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for residual or recurrent craniopharyngiomas","volume":"111","author":"Cavallo","year":"2009"},{"key":"b10-0280008","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"309","article-title":"Extended endoscopic approaches for midline skull-base lesions","volume":"32","author":"Ceylan","year":"2009"},{"key":"b11-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"650","article-title":"Long-term neurological, visual, and endocrine outcomes following transnasal resection of craniopharyngioma","volume":"102","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2005"},{"key":"b12-0280008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"539","article-title":"Variations on the standard transsphenoidal approach to the sellar region, with emphasis on the extended approaches and parasellar approaches: surgical experience in 105 cases","volume":"55","author":"Couldwell","year":"2004"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 2","key":"b13-0280008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"219","article-title":"Extended endoscopic transsphenoidal approach for extrasellar craniopharyngiomas","volume":"61","author":"de Divitiis","year":"2007"},{"key":"b14-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"73","article-title":"Management of childhood craniopharyngioma: can the morbidity of radical surgery be predicted?","volume":"85","author":"De Vile","year":"1996"},{"key":"b15-0280008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"677","article-title":"Expanded endoscopic endonasal approach for anterior cranial base and suprasellar lesions: indications and limitations","volume":"64","author":"Dehdashti","year":"2009"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"b16-0280008","series-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"355","article-title":"Surgical management of craniopharyngiomas\u2014experience with a pediatric series","volume":"19","author":"Di Rocco","year":"2006"},{"key":"b17-0280008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"291","article-title":"Long-term outcomes for surgically resected craniopharyngiomas","volume":"46","author":"Duff","year":"2000"},{"key":"b18-0280008","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"332","article-title":"Endonasal transsphenoidal surgery: the patient's perspective-survey results from 259 patients","volume":"65","author":"Dusick","year":"2006"},{"key":"b19-0280008","series-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg","first-page":"230","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal removal of an intra-suprasellar schwannoma mimicking a pituitary adenoma","volume":"47","author":"Esposito","year":"2004"},{"key":"b20-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"237","article-title":"Surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas: experience with 168 patients","volume":"90","author":"Fahlbusch","year":"1999"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 2","key":"b21-0280008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"244","article-title":"The endonasal microscopic approach for pituitary adenomas and other parasellar tumors: a 10-year experience","volume":"63","author":"Fatemi","year":"2008"},{"key":"b22-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"534","article-title":"Craniopharyngiomas in children. 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craniopharyngioma","volume":"42","author":"Paja","year":"1995"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"b45-0280008","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"75","article-title":"Surgery, radiation, and combination therapy in the treatment of childhood craniopharyngioma\u2014a 20-year experience","volume":"21","author":"Scott","year":"1994"},{"key":"b46-0280008","series-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)","first-page":"1653","article-title":"Microsurgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas: report of 284 patients","volume":"119","author":"Shi","year":"2006"},{"key":"b47-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"704","article-title":"Surgical outcomes in 31 patients with craniopharyngiomas extending outside the suprasellar cistern: an evaluation of the frontobasal interhemispheric approach","volume":"96","author":"Shirane","year":"2002"},{"key":"b48-0280008","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"97","article-title":"Craniopharyngioma surgery in children: endocrine and visual 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