{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T15:22:25Z","timestamp":1790522545194,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The authors report the cases of 2 young male patients (aged 16 and 26 years) with dystonic cerebral palsy of unknown origin, who developed status dystonicus, an acute and persistent combination of generalized dystonia and chorea. Both patients developed status dystonicus after undergoing general anesthesia, and in 1 case, after administration of metoclopramide. In attempting to control this acute hyperkinetic movement disorder, multiple medication trials failed in both cases and patients required prolonged intubation and sedation with propofol. Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus (4 and 2 months after the onset of symptoms in the first and second case, respectively) produced immediate resolution of the hyperkinetic movement disorder in each case. Deep brain stimulation provided persistent suppression of the dystonic movement potential after a follow-up of 30 and 34 months, respectively, as demonstrated by the reemergence of severe dystonia during the end of battery life of the implantable pulse generators that was readily controlled by exchange of the generators in each case.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.1.jns091127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,19]],"date-time":"2010-02-19T15:03:27Z","timestamp":1266591807000},"page":"634-638","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Successful bilateral deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus for persistent status dystonicus and generalized chorea"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Diana","family":"Apetauerova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens M.","family":"Schirmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay L.","family":"Shils","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Zani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey E.","family":"Arle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns091127","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"145","article-title":"Pallidal surgery for the treatment of primary generalized dystonia: long-term follow-up","volume":"110","author":"Cersosimo","year":"2008"},{"key":"b2-jns091127","series-title":"South Med J","first-page":"626","article-title":"Persistent extrapyramidal syndrome with dystonia and rigidity caused by combined metoclopramide and prochlorperazine therapy","volume":"84","author":"Factor","year":"1991"},{"key":"b3-jns091127","series-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol","first-page":"350","article-title":"Hyperkinetic movement disorder in an 11-year-old child treated with bilateral pallidal stimulators","volume":"43","author":"Gill","year":"2001"},{"key":"b4-jns091127","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"416","article-title":"Multicenter study on deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: an independent assessment of reported adverse events at 4 years","volume":"23","author":"Hariz","year":"2008"},{"key":"b5-jns091127","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"785","article-title":"Chronic stimulation of the globus pallidus internus for treatment of non-dYT1 generalized dystonia and choreoathetosis: 2-year follow up","volume":"98","author":"Krauss","year":"2003"},{"key":"b6-jns091127","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"243","article-title":"Status dystonicus: the syndrome and its management","volume":"121","author":"Manji","year":"1998"},{"key":"b7-jns091127","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"963","article-title":"Management of status dystonicus: our experience and review of the literature","volume":"22","author":"Mariotti","year":"2007"},{"key":"b8-jns091127","series-title":"Arch Intern Med","first-page":"2486","article-title":"Metoclopramide-induced movement disorders. Clinical findings with a review of the literature","volume":"149","author":"Miller","year":"1989"},{"key":"b9-jns091127","series-title":"Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol","first-page":"138","article-title":"Drug insight: from disturbed motility to disordered movement\u2014a review of the clinical benefits and medicolegal risks of metoclopramide","volume":"3","author":"Pasricha","year":"2006"},{"key":"b10-jns091127","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"2240","article-title":"Bilateral deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: a multicentre study with 4 years follow-up","volume":"128","author":"Rodriguez-Oroz","year":"2005"},{"key":"b11-jns091127","series-title":"Neurophysiology in Neurosurgery: A Modern Intraoperative Approach","first-page":"405","article-title":"Neurophysiological monitoring during neurosurgery for movement disorders","author":"Shils","year":"2002"},{"key":"b12-jns091127","series-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr","first-page":"26","article-title":"Status dystonicus: study of five cases","volume":"63","author":"Teive","year":"2005"},{"key":"b13-jns091127","series-title":"Eur J Emerg Med","first-page":"117","article-title":"Metoclopramide induced dystonia in children: two case reports","volume":"12","author":"Yis","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/113\/3\/article-p634.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/113\/3\/article-p634.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/113\/3\/article-p634.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T03:52:45Z","timestamp":1679889165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/113\/3\/article-p634.xml"}},"subtitle":["Report of 2 cases"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2010.1.jns091127","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}}}