{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T14:18:00Z","timestamp":1773152280598,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The optimal CSF Mg<jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup> concentration for vasodilation of spastic cerebral arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and its duration are unknown. The temporal profile of the vasodilatory effect and optimal CSF Mg<jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup> concentration after the intracisternal injection of MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> solution were investigated in an SAH model in canines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cerebral vasospasm was induced by experimental SAH using a 2-hemorrhage model in 26 female beagles. On Day 7, 0.5 ml\/kg of 15, 10, 5, or 0 mmol\/L MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> in Ringer solution was injected into the cerebellomedullary cistern. Angiography was performed on Day 1 (before SAH) and before and 1, 3, and 6 hours after the intracisternal injection on Day 7 to measure arterial diameters of the basilar artery (BA), superior cerebellar artery (SCA), and vertebral artery (VA). Cerebrospinal fluid Mg<jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup> was also measured at the same time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Arterial diameters of the BA, SCA, and VA were significantly decreased by vasospasm on Day 7. Arterial diameter ratios (ratio of arterial diameter after MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> injection to diameter before injection on Day 7) of the BA and SCA at 1 and 3 hours after and the VA at 1 hour after intracisternal injection of the MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> solution were positively correlated with the CSF Mg<jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup> concentration. All arterial diameter ratios, except 1 point of the SCA, exceeded 1 if the CSF Mg<jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup> concentration was &gt; 3 mEq\/L at 1 hour after injection. Animals with CSF Mg<jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup> concentrations &gt; 3 mEq\/L at 1 hour after injection (11 dogs) showed significantly increased arterial diameters of the BA at 1 and 3 hours after and of the SCA and VA at 1, 3, and 6 hours after injection, as compared with the diameters before injection. The CSF Mg<jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup> concentration significantly increased at 1 hour (3.73 \u00b1 0.69 mEq\/L, p &lt; 0.01) and 3 hours (2.05 \u00b1 0.35 mEq\/L, p &lt; 0.01) after the intracisternal injection as compared with the baseline value (1.41 \u00b1 0.20 mEq\/L).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The reversible effect of an intracisternal injection of MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> solution on the spastic artery requires CSF Mg<jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup> concentrations &gt; 3 mEq\/L. The vasodilatory effect continues for 3\u20136 hours after injection. These results suggest that the continuous infusion or intermittent intracisternal injection of MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> is needed to maintain the optimal CSF Mg<jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup> concentration and constantly ameliorate cerebral vasospasm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.10.jns10866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,12]],"date-time":"2010-11-12T13:31:10Z","timestamp":1289568670000},"page":"1168-1175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Optimal cerebrospinal fluid magnesium ion concentration for vasodilatory effect and duration after intracisternal injection of magnesium sulfate solution in a canine subarachnoid hemorrhage model"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Mori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takuji","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juntendo Casualty Center, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasukazu","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, Juntendo University, Shizuoka Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhisa","family":"Aiko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, Juntendo University, Shizuoka Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"Koike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, Juntendo University, Shizuoka Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinsuke","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, Juntendo University, Shizuoka Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuaki","family":"Nakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Esaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns10866","series-title":"Neurosci Lett","first-page":"323","article-title":"Withdrawal of magnesium causes vasospasm while elevated magnesium produces relaxation of tone in cerebral arteries","volume":"20","author":"Altura","year":"1980"},{"key":"b2-jns10866","series-title":"Adv Neurol","first-page":"71","article-title":"Actions and interactions of cations and anions on pial arteries","volume":"20","author":"Betz","year":"1978"},{"key":"b3-jns10866","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"279","article-title":"Magnesium: a useful adjunct in the prevention of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage","volume":"9","author":"Chia","year":"2002"},{"key":"b4-jns10866","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"106","article-title":"Magnesium and experimental vasospasm","volume":"100","author":"Macdonald","year":"2004"},{"key":"b5-jns10866","series-title":"No Shinkei Geka","first-page":"1251","article-title":"[Changes in Mg++ concentration of CSF after subarachnoid hemorrhage and Mg++\u2014effects on the contractions of bovine cerebral artery.]","volume":"16","author":"Miura","year":"1988"},{"key":"b6-jns10866","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"73","article-title":"Novel vasodilatory effect of intracisternal injection of magnesium sulfate solution on spastic cerebral arteries in the canine two-hemorrhage model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Laboratory investigation","volume":"110","author":"Mori","year":"2009"},{"key":"b7-jns10866","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"197","article-title":"Intracisternal infusion of magnesium sulfate solution improved reduced cerebral blood flow induced by experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rat","volume":"31","author":"Mori","year":"2008"},{"key":"b8-jns10866","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"139","article-title":"Initial clinical experience of vasodilatory effect of intracisternal infusion of magnesium sulfate for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"49","author":"Mori","year":"2009"},{"key":"b9-jns10866","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"33","article-title":"Magnesium sulfate in the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-adapted trial","volume":"69","author":"Muroi","year":"2008"},{"key":"b10-jns10866","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1054","article-title":"Intravenous magnesium versus nimodipine in the treatment of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomized study","volume":"58","author":"Schmid-Elsaesser","year":"2006"},{"key":"b11-jns10866","series-title":"Am J Physiol","first-page":"H22","article-title":"Effect of changes in magnesium ion concentration on cat cerebral arterioles","volume":"245","author":"Seelig","year":"1983"},{"key":"b12-jns10866","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"723","article-title":"Magnesium infusion for vasospasm prophylaxis after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"105","author":"Stippler","year":"2006"},{"key":"b13-jns10866","series-title":"Proceedings of the 25th Spasm Symposium, Shimane, Japan, March 20\u201322, 2009","first-page":"25","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of new grading system for symptomatic vasospasm: special reference to spasm preventive effect of cisternal irrigation with ascorbic acid and Mg++","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2009"},{"key":"b14-jns10866","series-title":"Eur J Pharmacol","first-page":"421","article-title":"Extracellular magnesium ions control calcium exchange and content of vascular smooth muscle","volume":"52","author":"Turlapaty","year":"1978"},{"key":"b15-jns10866","series-title":"Magnes Res","first-page":"121","article-title":"Magnesium in subarachnoid haemorrhage: proven beneficial?","volume":"22","author":"van den Bergh","year":"2009"},{"key":"b16-jns10866","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1011","article-title":"Magnesium sulfate in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"van den Bergh","year":"2005"},{"key":"b17-jns10866","series-title":"Magnes Res","first-page":"301","article-title":"Potentials of magnesium treatment in subarachnoid haemorrhage","volume":"17","author":"van den Bergh","year":"2004"},{"key":"b18-jns10866","series-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther","first-page":"439","article-title":"Dose evaluation for long-term magnesium treatment in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage","volume":"30","author":"van Norden","year":"2005"},{"key":"b19-jns10866","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"510","article-title":"Magnesium sulfate therapy after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"96","author":"Veyna","year":"2002"},{"key":"b20-jns10866","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"1394","article-title":"A meta analysis of treating subarachnoid hemorrhage with magnesium sulfate","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/114\/4\/article-p1168.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/114\/4\/article-p1168.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/114\/4\/article-p1168.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T05:41:24Z","timestamp":1679895684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/114\/4\/article-p1168.xml"}},"subtitle":["Laboratory investigation"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2010.10.jns10866","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}}}