{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T21:31:53Z","timestamp":1789680713440,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":286,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is most commonly found in men, the elderly, and Asian patients. There are many diseases associated with OPLL, such as diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, ankylosing spondylitis, and other spondyloarthropathies. Several factors have been reported to be associated with OPLL formation and progression, including genetic, hormonal, environmental, and lifestyle factors. However, the pathogenesis of OPLL is still unclear. Most symptomatic patients with OPLL present with neurological deficits such as myelopathy, radiculopathy, and\/or bowel and bladder symptoms. There are some reports of asymptomatic OPLL. Both static and dynamic factors are related to the development of myelopathy. Plain radiography, CT, and MR imaging are used to evaluate OPLL extension and the area of spinal cord compression. Management of OPLL continues to be controversial. Each surgical technique has some advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of operation should be made case by case, depending on the patient's condition, level of pathology, type of OPLL, and the surgeon's experience. In this paper, the authors attempt to review the incidence, pathology, pathogenesis, natural history, clinical presentation, classification, radiological evaluation, and management of OPLL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.11.focus10276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,3]],"date-time":"2011-03-03T02:21:27Z","timestamp":1299118887000},"page":"E1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a review"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Kriangsak","family":"Saetia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dosang","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangkook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Don","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0300001","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"54","article-title":"Efficacy and results of expansive laminoplasty in patients with severe cervical myelopathy due to cervical canal stenosis","volume":"52","author":"Agrawal","year":"2004"},{"key":"b2-0300001","series-title":"J Orthop Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s007760050060","article-title":"Histomorphometric study of iliac bones in cervical myelopathy with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"3","author":"Aita","year":"1998"},{"key":"b3-0300001","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI-07\/07\/013","article-title":"Results of surgical treatment for thoracic myelopathy: minimum 2-year follow-up study in 132 patients","volume":"7","author":"Aizawa","year":"2007"},{"key":"b4-0300001","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.2.SPINE08727","article-title":"Laminectomy and fusion for the treatment of cervical degenerative myelopathy","volume":"11","author":"Anderson","year":"2009"},{"key":"b5-0300001","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E575","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31814b84fe","article-title":"Multilevel cervical oblique corpectomy in the treatment of ossified posterior longitudinal ligament in the presence of ossified anterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"32","author":"Chacko","year":"2007"},{"key":"b6-0300001","series-title":"Clin Orthop Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2010.2.1.8","article-title":"Inter- and intra-observer variability of a cervical OPLL classification using reconstructed CT images","volume":"2","author":"Chang","year":"2010"},{"key":"b7-0300001","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e318042b655","article-title":"C5 palsy after laminectomy and posterior cervical fixation for ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2007"},{"key":"b8-0300001","series-title":"Int Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-008-0542-y","article-title":"Anterior corpectomy and fusion for severe ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2009"},{"key":"b9-0300001","series-title":"Int Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-008-0609-9","article-title":"Long-term outcome of laminectomy and instrumented fusion for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2009"},{"key":"b10-0300001","series-title":"J Orthop Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-005-0925-5","article-title":"Computer-assisted measurement of the size of ossification in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine","volume":"10","author":"Chiba","year":"2005"},{"key":"b11-0300001","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2998","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000250307.78987.6b","article-title":"Long-term results of expansive open-door laminoplasty for cervical myelopathy\u2013average 14-year follow-up study","volume":"31","author":"Chiba","year":"2006"},{"key":"b12-0300001","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.3.1.0017","article-title":"Multicenter study investigating the postoperative progression of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine: a new computer-assisted measurement","volume":"3","author":"Chiba","year":"2005"},{"key":"b13-0300001","series-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2008.43.6.259","article-title":"Post-laminectomy kyphosis in patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: does it cause neurological deterioration?","volume":"43","author":"Cho","year":"2008"},{"key":"b14-0300001","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.7.SPINE08965","article-title":"\u201cSkip\u201d corpectomy in the treatment of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy and ossified posterior longitudinal ligament. 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