{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T08:55:48Z","timestamp":1792659348700,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a disorder afflicting as many as 2% of East Asians. However, reports of OPLL in non-Asians have been sporadic in the medical literature. This study describes clinical and radiographic findings with OPLL in non-Asians at a tertiary care center treating a diverse multiethnic population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over a 6-year period, 43 patients not of East Asian descent presented to an urban tertiary medical center with OPLL. Patient data, including ethnicity, spinal cord function, Nurick grade, radiographic findings, OPLL subtype, and degree of cervical stenosis, were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The average patient age was 59 years (range 32\u201392 years) with 18 women and 25 men. There were 22 Caucasian patients, 17 Hispanic patients, and 4 Black patients. With respect to the radiographic findings, OPLL morphology was continuous in 19, segmental in 17, mixed in 6, and other in 1. Average canal diameter was 7.6 mm (range 4.2\u20139.0 mm) at the most stenotic points. The mean Nurick grade was 2.95 at presentation, but 7 of the patients had OPLL identified incidentally and with early or minimal symptoms and signs of myelopathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in non-Asians demonstrates similar demographic and radiographic characteristics as in East Asians. The representation of different ethnic groups mirrors the demographics of the medical center population in general, showing no specific predilection for particular ethnic groups. Surgical decompression in appropriately selected patients results in similar rates of improvement when compared with the Japanese literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.12.focus10277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,3]],"date-time":"2011-03-03T02:21:27Z","timestamp":1299118887000},"page":"E4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in non-Asians: demographic, clinical, and radiographic findings in 43 patients"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Michael Y.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Thambuswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0300004","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.33.2.263","article-title":"Ossification in the region of the posterior longitudinal ligament as a cause of cervical myelopathy","volume":"33","author":"Bakay","year":"1970"},{"key":"b2-0300004","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(01)00464-5","article-title":"Anterior approaches to cervical spondylosis and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: review of operative technique and assessment of 65 multilevel circumferential procedures","volume":"55","author":"Epstein","year":"2001"},{"key":"b3-0300004","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-9430(02)00394-7","article-title":"Diagnosis and surgical management of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"2","author":"Epstein","year":"2002"},{"issue":"2","key":"b4-0300004","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ECP1","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2002.13.2.16","article-title":"Ossification of the cervical posterior longitudinal ligament: a review","volume":"13","author":"Epstein","year":"2002"},{"key":"b5-0300004","series-title":"N Y State J Med","first-page":"1193","article-title":"Calcification and ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of spine: its role in secondary narrowing of spinal canal and cord compression","volume":"82","author":"Firooznia","year":"1982"},{"key":"b6-0300004","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199501150-00014","article-title":"Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Autosomal recessive trait","volume":"20","author":"Hamanishi","year":"1995"},{"key":"b7-0300004","series-title":"Br J Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-52-623-901","article-title":"Posterior longitudinal ligament calcification of the cervical spine","volume":"52","author":"Hanna","year":"1979"},{"key":"b8-0300004","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.67.3.0349","article-title":"Cervical spinal stenosis secondary to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"67","author":"Harsh","year":"1987"},{"key":"b9-0300004","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198107000-00005","article-title":"Operative results and postoperative progression of ossification among patients with ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"6","author":"Hirabayashi","year":"1981"},{"key":"b10-0300004","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00347062","article-title":"Computed tomography in ossification of the posterior longitudinal spinal ligament","volume":"13","author":"Hyman","year":"1977"},{"key":"b11-0300004","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000257566.91177.cb","article-title":"Surgical strategy for cervical myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: Part 2: Advantages of anterior decompression and fusion over laminoplasty","volume":"32","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2007"},{"key":"b12-0300004","series-title":"Nippon Seikeigeka Gakkai Zasshi","first-page":"461","article-title":"[Comparative roentgenographical study on the incidence of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and other degenerative changes of the cervical spine among Japanese, Koreans, Americans and Germans (author's transl).]","volume":"54","author":"Izawa","year":"1980"},{"key":"b13-0300004","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-8467(96)00004-2","article-title":"Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine in Asian Indians\u2014a multiracial comparison","volume":"98","author":"Jayakumar","year":"1996"},{"key":"b14-0300004","series-title":"Guy's Hospital Reports (Series 1).","first-page":"17","article-title":"On paraplegia depending on disease of the ligaments of the spine","volume":"3","author":"Key","year":"1838"},{"key":"b15-0300004","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198608000-00006","article-title":"Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in Caucasians: diagnosis and surgical intervention","volume":"19","author":"Klara","year":"1986"},{"key":"b16-0300004","series-title":"Eur Spine J","article-title":"Anterior versus posterior surgery for multilevel cervical myelopathy, which one is better? A systematic review","author":"Liu","year":"2010"},{"key":"b17-0300004","series-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21011","article-title":"Human DNA sequences: more variation and less race","volume":"139","author":"Long","year":"2009"},{"key":"b18-0300004","series-title":"Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament","first-page":"11","article-title":"Epidemiology of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","author":"Matsunaga","year":"1997"},{"key":"b19-0300004","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"569","article-title":"Cervical cord compression from ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament as a cause of cervical myelopathy","volume":"69","author":"McAfee","year":"1987"},{"key":"b20-0300004","series-title":"Hum Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390050993","article-title":"Association of the human NPPS gene with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL)","volume":"104","author":"Nakamura","year":"1999"},{"key":"b21-0300004","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/95.1.87","article-title":"The pathogenesis of the spinal cord disorder associated with cervical spondylosis","volume":"95","author":"Nurick","year":"1972"},{"key":"b22-0300004","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"17","article-title":"Cervical lesion of the central nervous system, a clinical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"10","author":"Rozario","year":"1978"},{"key":"b23-0300004","series-title":"Am J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90080-U","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine: report of eight cases and literature review","volume":"92","author":"Trojan","year":"1992"},{"key":"b24-0300004","series-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1053\/jscd.2000.0090064","article-title":"Carotid stenosis in a multiethnic population","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2000"},{"key":"b25-0300004","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199902000-00004","article-title":"Anterior floating method for cervical myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"359","author":"Yamaura","year":"1999"},{"key":"b1-0300004","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.33.2.263","article-title":"Ossification in the region of the posterior longitudinal ligament as a cause of cervical myelopathy","volume":"33","author":"Bakay","year":"1970"},{"key":"b2-0300004","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(01)00464-5","article-title":"Anterior approaches to cervical spondylosis and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: review of operative technique and assessment of 65 multilevel circumferential procedures","volume":"55","author":"Epstein","year":"2001"},{"key":"b3-0300004","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-9430(02)00394-7","article-title":"Diagnosis and surgical management of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"2","author":"Epstein","year":"2002"},{"issue":"2","key":"b4-0300004","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ECP1","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2002.13.2.16","article-title":"Ossification of the cervical posterior longitudinal ligament: a review","volume":"13","author":"Epstein","year":"2002"},{"key":"b5-0300004","series-title":"N Y State J Med","first-page":"1193","article-title":"Calcification and ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of spine: its role in secondary narrowing of spinal canal and cord compression","volume":"82","author":"Firooznia","year":"1982"},{"key":"b6-0300004","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199501150-00014","article-title":"Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Autosomal recessive trait","volume":"20","author":"Hamanishi","year":"1995"},{"key":"b7-0300004","series-title":"Br J Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-52-623-901","article-title":"Posterior longitudinal ligament calcification of the cervical spine","volume":"52","author":"Hanna","year":"1979"},{"key":"b8-0300004","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.67.3.0349","article-title":"Cervical spinal stenosis secondary to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"67","author":"Harsh","year":"1987"},{"key":"b9-0300004","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198107000-00005","article-title":"Operative results and postoperative progression of ossification among patients with ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"6","author":"Hirabayashi","year":"1981"},{"key":"b10-0300004","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00347062","article-title":"Computed tomography in ossification of the posterior longitudinal spinal ligament","volume":"13","author":"Hyman","year":"1977"},{"key":"b11-0300004","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000257566.91177.cb","article-title":"Surgical strategy for cervical myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: Part 2: Advantages of anterior decompression and fusion over laminoplasty","volume":"32","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2007"},{"key":"b12-0300004","series-title":"Nippon Seikeigeka Gakkai Zasshi","first-page":"461","article-title":"[Comparative roentgenographical study on the incidence of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and other degenerative changes of the cervical spine among Japanese, Koreans, Americans and Germans (author's transl).]","volume":"54","author":"Izawa","year":"1980"},{"key":"b13-0300004","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-8467(96)00004-2","article-title":"Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine in Asian Indians\u2014a multiracial comparison","volume":"98","author":"Jayakumar","year":"1996"},{"key":"b14-0300004","series-title":"Guy's Hospital Reports (Series 1).","first-page":"17","article-title":"On paraplegia depending on disease of the ligaments of the spine","volume":"3","author":"Key","year":"1838"},{"key":"b15-0300004","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198608000-00006","article-title":"Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in Caucasians: diagnosis and surgical intervention","volume":"19","author":"Klara","year":"1986"},{"key":"b16-0300004","series-title":"Eur Spine J","article-title":"Anterior versus posterior surgery for multilevel cervical myelopathy, which one is better? A systematic review","author":"Liu","year":"2010"},{"key":"b17-0300004","series-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21011","article-title":"Human DNA sequences: more variation and less race","volume":"139","author":"Long","year":"2009"},{"key":"b18-0300004","series-title":"Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament","first-page":"11","article-title":"Epidemiology of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","author":"Matsunaga","year":"1997"},{"key":"b19-0300004","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"569","article-title":"Cervical cord compression from ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament as a cause of cervical myelopathy","volume":"69","author":"McAfee","year":"1987"},{"key":"b20-0300004","series-title":"Hum Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390050993","article-title":"Association of the human NPPS gene with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL)","volume":"104","author":"Nakamura","year":"1999"},{"key":"b21-0300004","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/95.1.87","article-title":"The pathogenesis of the spinal cord disorder associated with cervical spondylosis","volume":"95","author":"Nurick","year":"1972"},{"key":"b22-0300004","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"17","article-title":"Cervical lesion of the central nervous system, a clinical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"10","author":"Rozario","year":"1978"},{"key":"b23-0300004","series-title":"Am J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90080-U","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine: report of eight cases and literature review","volume":"92","author":"Trojan","year":"1992"},{"key":"b24-0300004","series-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1053\/jscd.2000.0090064","article-title":"Carotid stenosis in a multiethnic population","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2000"},{"key":"b25-0300004","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199902000-00004","article-title":"Anterior floating method for cervical myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"359","author":"Yamaura","year":"1999"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/30\/3\/2010.12.focus10277.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/30\/3\/2010.12.focus10277.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/30\/3\/2010.12.focus10277.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T08:47:43Z","timestamp":1780130863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/30\/3\/2010.12.focus10277.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2010.12.focus10277","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}}}