{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T23:19:22Z","timestamp":1782602362809,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The management of thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament has been studied by many spinal surgeons. Indications for operative intervention include progressive radiculopathy, myelopathy, and neurological deterioration. The ideal surgery for decompression remains highly debatable as various methods of surgical treatment of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament have been devised. Although numerous modifications to the 3 main approaches have been identified (anterior, posterior, or lateral), the indication for each depends on the nature of compression, the morphology of the lesion, the level of the compression, the structural alignment of the spine, and the neurological status of the patient. The authors discuss treatment techniques for thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, cite case examples from a single institution, and review the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.12.focus10282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,3]],"date-time":"2011-03-03T02:21:27Z","timestamp":1299118887000},"page":"E16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Management of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the thoracic spine"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Jamal","family":"McClendon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick A.","family":"Sugrue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aruna","family":"Ganju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler R.","family":"Koski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0300016","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI-07\/07\/013","article-title":"Results of surgical treatment for thoracic myelopathy: minimum 2-year follow-up study in 132 patients","volume":"7","author":"Aizawa","year":"2007"},{"key":"b2-0300016","series-title":"Neurosurg Q","first-page":"223","article-title":"Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: diagnosis and surgical management","volume":"2","author":"Epstein","year":"1992"},{"key":"b3-0300016","series-title":"Spinal Cord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1996.70","article-title":"Anterior decompression and fusion for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the upper thoracic spine causing myelopathy: using the manubrium splitting approach","volume":"34","author":"Fujimura","year":"1996"},{"key":"b4-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199702010-00015","article-title":"Long-term follow-up study of anterior decompression and fusion for thoracic myelopathy resulting from ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"22","author":"Fujimura","year":"1997"},{"key":"b5-0300016","series-title":"Spinal Cord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100487","article-title":"Myelopathy secondary to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the thoracic spine treated by anterior decompression and bony fusion","volume":"35","author":"Fujimura","year":"1997"},{"key":"b6-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200205150-00012","article-title":"Anterior decompression for myelopathy resulting from thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"27","author":"Hanai","year":"2002"},{"key":"b7-0300016","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.37.173","article-title":"Bone window computed tomography for detection of dural defect associated with cervical ossified posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"37","author":"Hida","year":"1997"},{"key":"b8-0300016","series-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-007-0336-5","article-title":"Two-staged decompression for thoracic paraparesis due to the combined ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and the ligamentum flavum: a case report","volume":"128","author":"Hioki","year":"2008"},{"key":"b9-0300016","series-title":"Spinal Cord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100612","article-title":"Surgical treatment for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and the yellow ligament in the thoracic and cervico-thoracic spine","volume":"36","author":"Ido","year":"1998"},{"key":"b10-0300016","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199508040-00010","article-title":"Anterior decompression and fusion for ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament in the thoracic spine","volume":"8","author":"Ido","year":"1995"},{"key":"b11-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815e3911","article-title":"Circumspinal decompression with dekyphosis stabilization for thoracic myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"33","author":"Kawahara","year":"2008"},{"key":"b12-0300016","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"854","article-title":"Surgical treatment of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the thoracic spine","volume":"34","author":"Kojima","year":"1994"},{"key":"b13-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199606150-00012","article-title":"Selecting a surgical method for thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"21","author":"Kurosa","year":"1996"},{"key":"b14-0300016","series-title":"Ann Radiol (Paris)","first-page":"905","article-title":"[Anatomical and radio-anatomical studies of the arterial vascularization of the thalamus.]","volume":"14","author":"Lazorthes","year":"1971"},{"key":"b15-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31816c913b","article-title":"Surgical results and related factors for ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of the thoracic spine: a multi-institutional retrospective study","volume":"33","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2008"},{"key":"b16-0300016","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bsd.0000155033.63557.9c","article-title":"Surgical outcome of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the thoracic spine: implication of the type of ossification and surgical options","volume":"18","author":"Matsuyama","year":"2005"},{"key":"b17-0300016","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e318060091a","article-title":"Clinical results of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the thoracic spine treated by anterior decompression","volume":"21","author":"Min","year":"2008"},{"key":"b18-0300016","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000279731.21145.45","article-title":"Significance of the double- and singlelayer signs in the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the thoracic spine","volume":"61","author":"Min","year":"2007"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"b19-0300016","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2006.05.009","article-title":"Ossified posterior longitudinal ligament: management strategies and outcomes","volume":"6","author":"Mizuno","year":"2006"},{"key":"b20-0300016","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"82","article-title":"Anterior surgical decompression for thoracic myelopathy as a result of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"166","author":"Ohtani","year":"1982"},{"key":"b21-0300016","series-title":"Orthop Surg Traumatol","first-page":"1083","article-title":"[A surgical procedure of the anterior decompression of the thoracic spinal cord through the posterior approach.]","volume":"26","author":"Ohtsuka","year":"1983"},{"key":"b22-0300016","series-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00435420","article-title":"A radiological population study on the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the spine","volume":"106","author":"Ohtsuka","year":"1987"},{"key":"b23-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E407","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318175c276","article-title":"Thoracic ligament ossification in patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligaments: tandem ossification in the cervical and thoracic spine","volume":"33","author":"Park","year":"2008"},{"key":"b24-0300016","series-title":"[Modified criteria of patient selection for treatment of ossification of spinal ligaments. Annual report of taskforce of research for ossification of spinal ligaments sponsored by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare.]","first-page":"11","author":"Sakou","year":"1994"},{"key":"b25-0300016","series-title":"Acta Med Okayama","first-page":"319","article-title":"Results of surgical treatment for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the thoracic spine","volume":"52","author":"Senda","year":"1998"},{"key":"b26-0300016","series-title":"Clin Neurosurg","first-page":"325","article-title":"Management of thoracic disc disease","volume":"38","author":"Stillerman","year":"1992"},{"key":"b27-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181714515","article-title":"Clinical results and complications of circumferential spinal cord decompression through a single posterior approach for thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"33","author":"Takahata","year":"2008"},{"key":"b28-0300016","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.2.2.0226","article-title":"A transsternoclavicular approach for the anterior decompression and fusion of the upper thoracic spine. Technical note","volume":"2","author":"Tamura","year":"2005"},{"key":"b29-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E26","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000193940.75354.e5","article-title":"Effectiveness of posterior decompression for patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the thoracic spine: usefulness of the ossification-kyphosis angle on MRI","volume":"31","author":"Tokuhashi","year":"2006"},{"key":"b30-0300016","series-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00439379","article-title":"Total decompression of the spinal cord for combined ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament and yellow ligament in the thoracic spine","volume":"109","author":"Tomita","year":"1990"},{"key":"b31-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199011010-00006","article-title":"Circumspinal decompression for thoracic myelopathy due to combined ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum","volume":"15","author":"Tomita","year":"1990"},{"key":"b32-0300016","series-title":"Nihon Geka Hokan","first-page":"1003","article-title":"[A Case report: autopsy of the syndrome of compression of the spinal cord owing to ossification with the spinal canal of the cervical spine.]","volume":"29","author":"Tsukimoto","year":"1960"},{"key":"b33-0300016","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"71","article-title":"Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine","volume":"184","author":"Tsuyama","year":"1984"},{"key":"b34-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200107150-00025","article-title":"Staged spinal cord decompression through posterior approach for thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"26","author":"Tsuzuki","year":"2001"},{"key":"b35-0300016","series-title":"Spinal Cord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101807","article-title":"Transient paraparesis after laminectomy for thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ossification of the ligamentum flavum","volume":"44","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2006"},{"key":"b36-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000220834.22131.fb","article-title":"Clinical results of surgery for thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: operative indication of posterior decompression with instrumented fusion","volume":"31","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2006"},{"key":"b37-0300016","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1266-4","article-title":"Posterior decompression with instrumented fusion for thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"19","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2010"},{"key":"b38-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E343","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000166504.31627.06","article-title":"Transient paraparesis after laminectomy for thoracic myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a case report","volume":"30","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2005"},{"key":"b39-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E609","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181cef65a","article-title":"A modified decompression surgery for thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament: a case report and literature review","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2010"},{"key":"b40-0300016","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.66.4.0511","article-title":"Thoracic myelopathy secondary to ossification of the spinal ligament","volume":"66","author":"Yonenobu","year":"1987"},{"key":"b41-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199011010-00007","article-title":"Lateral rhachotomy for thoracic spinal lesions","volume":"15","author":"Yonenobu","year":"1990"},{"key":"b1-0300016","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI-07\/07\/013","article-title":"Results of surgical treatment for thoracic myelopathy: minimum 2-year follow-up study in 132 patients","volume":"7","author":"Aizawa","year":"2007"},{"key":"b2-0300016","series-title":"Neurosurg Q","first-page":"223","article-title":"Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: diagnosis and surgical management","volume":"2","author":"Epstein","year":"1992"},{"key":"b3-0300016","series-title":"Spinal Cord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1996.70","article-title":"Anterior decompression and fusion for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the upper thoracic spine causing myelopathy: using the manubrium splitting approach","volume":"34","author":"Fujimura","year":"1996"},{"key":"b4-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199702010-00015","article-title":"Long-term follow-up study of anterior decompression and fusion for thoracic myelopathy resulting from ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"22","author":"Fujimura","year":"1997"},{"key":"b5-0300016","series-title":"Spinal Cord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100487","article-title":"Myelopathy secondary to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the thoracic spine treated by anterior decompression and bony fusion","volume":"35","author":"Fujimura","year":"1997"},{"key":"b6-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200205150-00012","article-title":"Anterior decompression for myelopathy resulting from thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"27","author":"Hanai","year":"2002"},{"key":"b7-0300016","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.37.173","article-title":"Bone window computed tomography for detection of dural defect associated with cervical ossified posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"37","author":"Hida","year":"1997"},{"key":"b8-0300016","series-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-007-0336-5","article-title":"Two-staged decompression for thoracic paraparesis due to the combined ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and the ligamentum flavum: a case report","volume":"128","author":"Hioki","year":"2008"},{"key":"b9-0300016","series-title":"Spinal Cord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100612","article-title":"Surgical treatment for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and the yellow ligament in the thoracic and cervico-thoracic spine","volume":"36","author":"Ido","year":"1998"},{"key":"b10-0300016","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199508040-00010","article-title":"Anterior decompression and fusion for ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament in the thoracic spine","volume":"8","author":"Ido","year":"1995"},{"key":"b11-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815e3911","article-title":"Circumspinal decompression with dekyphosis stabilization for thoracic myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"33","author":"Kawahara","year":"2008"},{"key":"b12-0300016","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"854","article-title":"Surgical treatment of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the thoracic spine","volume":"34","author":"Kojima","year":"1994"},{"key":"b13-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199606150-00012","article-title":"Selecting a surgical method for thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"21","author":"Kurosa","year":"1996"},{"key":"b14-0300016","series-title":"Ann Radiol (Paris)","first-page":"905","article-title":"[Anatomical and radio-anatomical studies of the arterial vascularization of the thalamus.]","volume":"14","author":"Lazorthes","year":"1971"},{"key":"b15-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31816c913b","article-title":"Surgical results and related factors for ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of the thoracic spine: a multi-institutional retrospective study","volume":"33","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2008"},{"key":"b16-0300016","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bsd.0000155033.63557.9c","article-title":"Surgical outcome of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the thoracic spine: implication of the type of ossification and surgical options","volume":"18","author":"Matsuyama","year":"2005"},{"key":"b17-0300016","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e318060091a","article-title":"Clinical results of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the thoracic spine treated by anterior decompression","volume":"21","author":"Min","year":"2008"},{"key":"b18-0300016","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000279731.21145.45","article-title":"Significance of the double- and singlelayer signs in the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the thoracic spine","volume":"61","author":"Min","year":"2007"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"b19-0300016","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2006.05.009","article-title":"Ossified posterior longitudinal ligament: management strategies and outcomes","volume":"6","author":"Mizuno","year":"2006"},{"key":"b20-0300016","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"82","article-title":"Anterior surgical decompression for thoracic myelopathy as a result of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"166","author":"Ohtani","year":"1982"},{"key":"b21-0300016","series-title":"Orthop Surg Traumatol","first-page":"1083","article-title":"[A surgical procedure of the anterior decompression of the thoracic spinal cord through the posterior approach.]","volume":"26","author":"Ohtsuka","year":"1983"},{"key":"b22-0300016","series-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00435420","article-title":"A radiological population study on the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the spine","volume":"106","author":"Ohtsuka","year":"1987"},{"key":"b23-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E407","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318175c276","article-title":"Thoracic ligament ossification in patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligaments: tandem ossification in the cervical and thoracic spine","volume":"33","author":"Park","year":"2008"},{"key":"b24-0300016","series-title":"[Modified criteria of patient selection for treatment of ossification of spinal ligaments. Annual report of taskforce of research for ossification of spinal ligaments sponsored by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare.]","first-page":"11","author":"Sakou","year":"1994"},{"key":"b25-0300016","series-title":"Acta Med Okayama","first-page":"319","article-title":"Results of surgical treatment for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the thoracic spine","volume":"52","author":"Senda","year":"1998"},{"key":"b26-0300016","series-title":"Clin Neurosurg","first-page":"325","article-title":"Management of thoracic disc disease","volume":"38","author":"Stillerman","year":"1992"},{"key":"b27-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181714515","article-title":"Clinical results and complications of circumferential spinal cord decompression through a single posterior approach for thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"33","author":"Takahata","year":"2008"},{"key":"b28-0300016","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.2.2.0226","article-title":"A transsternoclavicular approach for the anterior decompression and fusion of the upper thoracic spine. Technical note","volume":"2","author":"Tamura","year":"2005"},{"key":"b29-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E26","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000193940.75354.e5","article-title":"Effectiveness of posterior decompression for patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the thoracic spine: usefulness of the ossification-kyphosis angle on MRI","volume":"31","author":"Tokuhashi","year":"2006"},{"key":"b30-0300016","series-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00439379","article-title":"Total decompression of the spinal cord for combined ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament and yellow ligament in the thoracic spine","volume":"109","author":"Tomita","year":"1990"},{"key":"b31-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199011010-00006","article-title":"Circumspinal decompression for thoracic myelopathy due to combined ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum","volume":"15","author":"Tomita","year":"1990"},{"key":"b32-0300016","series-title":"Nihon Geka Hokan","first-page":"1003","article-title":"[A Case report: autopsy of the syndrome of compression of the spinal cord owing to ossification with the spinal canal of the cervical spine.]","volume":"29","author":"Tsukimoto","year":"1960"},{"key":"b33-0300016","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"71","article-title":"Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine","volume":"184","author":"Tsuyama","year":"1984"},{"key":"b34-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200107150-00025","article-title":"Staged spinal cord decompression through posterior approach for thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"26","author":"Tsuzuki","year":"2001"},{"key":"b35-0300016","series-title":"Spinal Cord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101807","article-title":"Transient paraparesis after laminectomy for thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ossification of the ligamentum flavum","volume":"44","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2006"},{"key":"b36-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000220834.22131.fb","article-title":"Clinical results of surgery for thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: operative indication of posterior decompression with instrumented fusion","volume":"31","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2006"},{"key":"b37-0300016","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1266-4","article-title":"Posterior decompression with instrumented fusion for thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"19","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2010"},{"key":"b38-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E343","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000166504.31627.06","article-title":"Transient paraparesis after laminectomy for thoracic myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a case report","volume":"30","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2005"},{"key":"b39-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E609","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181cef65a","article-title":"A modified decompression surgery for thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament: a case report and literature review","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2010"},{"key":"b40-0300016","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.66.4.0511","article-title":"Thoracic myelopathy secondary to ossification of the spinal ligament","volume":"66","author":"Yonenobu","year":"1987"},{"key":"b41-0300016","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199011010-00007","article-title":"Lateral rhachotomy for thoracic spinal lesions","volume":"15","author":"Yonenobu","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/30\/3\/2010.12.focus10282.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/30\/3\/2010.12.focus10282.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/30\/3\/2010.12.focus10282.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T08:47:41Z","timestamp":1780130861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/30\/3\/2010.12.focus10282.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2010.12.focus10282","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}}}