{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:14:27Z","timestamp":1790810067399,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Supratentorial cortical ependymomas (CE) are rare, with 7 cases reported. The lesions, typically occurring in the superficial cortex in young adults and associated with a history of seizures, are not fully characterized. Furthermore, their relationship with the recently described angiocentric glioma (AG) is still being debated. This study was undertaken to summarize the authors' experience with CEs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Between 1997 and 2009, 202 cases of ependymoma were surgically treated at the Mayo Clinic, 49 of which were supratentorial. Among these, 9 CE cases were retrospectively identified. Clinical, imaging, and pathological features of each case were reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Tumors arose from the frontal (5 cases), parietal (3), and occipital (1) lobes. No tumor occurred in the temporal lobe, despite its reported association with seizures. The mean age at presentation was 27 \u00b1 19 years (\u00b1 SD) and age at resection was 36 \u00b1 16 years. The mean size of the lesion was 16 \u00b1 14 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>. Seizures were the presenting symptom in 78%. Cross-sectional imaging in 8 cases was characterized by a heterogeneous mass with multiple cystlike areas and enhancement of the soft-tissue component. Gross-total resection was achieved in 8 of 9 tumors. Pathologically, 6 were low-grade (WHO Grade II) and 3 were anaplastic (WHO Grade III) ependymomas. All tumors exhibited the focal presence of perivascular pseudorosettes, but only 1 (11%) exhibited the focal presence of a true rosette. A bipolar spindle cell component resembling AG was present in 3 (33%) and \u201cSchwannian-like\u201d nodules in 2 (22%). Subpial aggregation and peripheral infiltration were present in 4 cases (44%). With a mean postsurgery follow-up of 62 \u00b1 38 months, only 2 lesions recurred locally after imaging-confirmed gross-total resection, both being Grade III. In 5 (71%) of 7 patients presenting with seizures an Engel Class I outcome was achieved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cortical ependymomas represent a rare type of ependymoma occurring superficially in the cortex. Morphologically, these tumors are protean, varying from classic to epithelioid, clear cell, and tanycytic. Some also exhibited features typical of AG. Most tumors were low grade and cured with resection. Anaplastic tumors occur and may recur locally despite provision of radiation therapy. Cortical ependymomas frequently, but not always, present with seizures, but despite their high association with epilepsy, none occurred in the temporal lobe in any of the authors' 9 patients. Overall, CEs appear to have a relatively favorable prognosis compared with other supratentorial ependymomas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.12.jns10846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,14]],"date-time":"2011-01-14T16:14:07Z","timestamp":1295021647000},"page":"1187-1194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Cortical ependymoma: an unusual epileptogenic lesion"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Jamie J.","family":"Van Gompel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly K.","family":"Koeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredric B.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Richard","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Burger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Roncaroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropathology Unit, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Worrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Division of Epilepsy and Electroencephalography, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Giannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns10846","series-title":"Clin Neuropathol","first-page":"391","article-title":"Angiocentric glioma: presentation of two cases with dissimilar histology","volume":"27","author":"Arsene","year":"2008"},{"key":"b2-jns10846","series-title":"Brain Pathol","first-page":"319","article-title":"Newly codified glial neoplasms of the 2007 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System: angiocentric glioma, pilomyxoid astrocytoma and pituicytoma","volume":"17","author":"Brat","year":"2007"},{"key":"b3-jns10846","series-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer","first-page":"680","article-title":"Sacrococcygeal immature teratoma with malignant ependymoma component","volume":"53","author":"Busse","year":"2009"},{"key":"b4-jns10846","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"109","article-title":"Intracranial ganglioglioma: MR, CT, and clinical findings in 18 patients","volume":"11","author":"Castillo","year":"1990"},{"key":"b5-jns10846","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"889","article-title":"Results of surgery in patients with refractory extratemporal epilepsy with normal or nonlocalizing magnetic resonance findings investigated with subdural grids","volume":"42","author":"Cukiert","year":"2001"},{"key":"b6-jns10846","series-title":"Curr Opin Neurol","first-page":"140","article-title":"Epilepsy surgery","volume":"7","author":"Engel","year":"1994"},{"key":"b7-jns10846","series-title":"J Child Neurol","first-page":"852","article-title":"Angiocentric glioma-induced seizures in a 2-year-old child","volume":"24","author":"Fulton","year":"2009"},{"key":"b8-jns10846","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"623","article-title":"Ependymoma of the ovary. 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