{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T09:00:56Z","timestamp":1780736456776,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The approach to traumatic craniocervical vascular injury has evolved significantly in recent years. Conflicts prior to Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom were characterized by minimal intervention in the setting of severe penetrating head injury, in large part due to limited far-forward resource availability. Consequently, sequelae of penetrating head injury like traumatic aneurysm formation remained poorly characterized with a paucity of pathophysiological descriptions. The current conflicts have seen dramatic improvements with respect to the management of severe penetrating and closed head injuries. As a result of the rapid field resuscitation and early cranial decompression, patients are surviving longer, which has led to diagnosis and treatment of entities that had previously gone undiagnosed. Therefore, in this paper the authors' purpose is to review their experience with severe traumatic brain injury complicated by injury to the craniocervical vasculature. Historical approaches will be reviewed, and the importance of modern endovascular techniques will be emphasized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.2.focus1025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,23]],"date-time":"2011-02-23T11:40:52Z","timestamp":1298461252000},"page":"E5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["The evolution of the treatment of traumatic cerebrovascular injury during wartime"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Randy S.","family":"Bell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Ecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meryl A.","family":"Severson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Wanebo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Crandall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, National Naval Medical Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocco A.","family":"Armonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0280005","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-3680(18)30432-7","article-title":"Management of traumatic aneurysms caused by high-velocity missile head wounds","volume":"6","author":"Aarabi","year":"1995"},{"key":"b2-0280005","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198806010-00014","article-title":"Traumatic aneurysms of brain due to high velocity missile head wounds","volume":"22","author":"Aarabi","year":"1988"},{"key":"b3-0280005","series-title":"Br J Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-53-636-1144","article-title":"Angiographic aspects of traumatic intracranial aneurysms following war injuries","volume":"53","author":"Achram","year":"1980"},{"key":"b4-0280005","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.84.5.0769","article-title":"Traumatic aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas of intracranial vessels associated with penetrating head injuries occurring during war: principles and pitfalls in diagnosis and management. 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