{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T17:30:40Z","timestamp":1781285440941,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u201cOperation Enduring Freedom\u201d is the US war effort in Afghanistan in its global war on terror. One US military neurosurgeon is deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedom to provide care for both battlefield injuries and humanitarian work. Here, the authors analyze a 24-month neurosurgical caseload experience in Afghanistan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Operative logs were analyzed between October 2007 and September 2009. Operative cases were divided into minor procedures (for example, placement of an intracranial pressure monitor) and major procedures (for example, craniotomy) for both battle injuries and humanitarian work. Battle injuries were defined as injuries sustained by soldiers while in the line of duty or injuries to Afghan civilians from weapons of war. Humanitarian work consisted of providing medical care to Afghans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six neurosurgeons covering a 24-month period performed 115 minor procedures and 210 major surgical procedures cases. Operations for battlefield injuries included 106 craniotomies, 25 spine surgeries, and 18 miscellaneous surgeries. Humanitarian work included 32 craniotomies (23 for trauma, 3 for tumor, 6 for other reasons, such as cyst fenestration), 27 spine surgeries (12 for degenerative conditions, 9 for trauma, 4 for myelomeningocele closure, and 2 for the treatment of infection), and 2 miscellaneous surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Military neurosurgeons have provided surgical care at rates of 71% (149\/210) for battlefield injuries and 29% (61\/210) for humanitarian work. Of the operations for battle trauma, 50% (106\/210) were cranial and 11% (25\/210) spinal surgeries. Fifteen percent (32\/210) and 13% (27\/210) of operations were for humanitarian cranial and spine procedures, respectively. Overall, military neurosurgeons in Afghanistan are performing life-saving cranial and spine stabilization procedures for battlefield trauma and acting as general neurosurgeons for the Afghan community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.focus09324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,23]],"date-time":"2011-02-23T11:40:52Z","timestamp":1298461252000},"page":"E8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Neurosurgery in Afghanistan during \u201cOperation Enduring Freedom\u201d: a 24-month experience"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Brian T.","family":"Ragel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Klimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall R.","family":"McCafferty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeannette M.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, David Grant Medical Center, Travis Air Force Base, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek A.","family":"Taggard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, David Grant Medical Center, Travis Air Force Base, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Garrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidney B.","family":"Brevard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0280008","series-title":"DoD Personnel & Procurement Statistics: Global War on Terrorism Casualty Summary by Reason, October 7, 2001 through December 5, 2009","author":"Anonymous"},{"key":"b2-0280008","series-title":"Airman: Offical Magazine of the United States Air Force","first-page":"4","article-title":"Flying for life","volume":"42","author":"Bates","year":"2008"},{"key":"b3-0280008","series-title":"Am J Surg","first-page":"652","article-title":"Combat trauma experience with the United States Army 102nd Forward Surgical Team in Afghanistan","volume":"187","author":"Beekley","year":"2004"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"b4-0280008","series-title":"J Trauma","first-page":"S104","article-title":"Military traumatic brain and spinal column injury: a 5-year study of the impact blast and other military grade weaponry on the central nervous system","volume":"66","author":"Bell","year":"2009"},{"key":"b5-0280008","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.5.516","article-title":"Injuries and deaths from landmines and unexploded ordnance in Afghanistan 2002\u20132006","volume":"298","author":"Bilukha","year":"2007"},{"key":"b6-0280008","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.5.650","article-title":"Death and injury from landmines and unexploded ordnance in Afghanistan","volume":"290","author":"Bilukha","year":"2003"},{"key":"b7-0280008","series-title":"J Trauma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199907000-00021","article-title":"Blast injury from explosive munitions","volume":"47","author":"Cernak","year":"1999"},{"key":"b8-0280008","series-title":"American Forces Press Service","article-title":"New joint theater hospital offers advanced care in Afghanistan","author":"Doscher","year":"2007"},{"key":"b9-0280008","series-title":"Congress Quarterly","first-page":"17","article-title":"Neurosurgery in the bush","volume":"9","author":"Ellegala","year":"2008"},{"key":"b10-0280008","series-title":"Aust N Z J Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1997.tb07112.x","article-title":"Military surgery in Rwanda","volume":"67","author":"Farrow","year":"1997"},{"key":"b11-0280008","series-title":"Mil Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/160.3.128","article-title":"Orthopedic casualties in an activated National Guard Mechanized Infantry Brigade during Operation Desert Shield","volume":"160","author":"Foulkes","year":"1995"},{"key":"b12-0280008","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198405313102211","article-title":"Vitamin K-dependent proteins","volume":"310","author":"Friedman","year":"1984"},{"key":"b13-0280008","series-title":"Anesthesiol Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2006.11.002","article-title":"Mechanisms of injury by explosive devices","volume":"25","author":"Garner","year":"2007"},{"key":"b14-0280008","series-title":"Mil Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.170.6.546","article-title":"Protecting military convoys in Iraq: an examination of battle injuries sustained by a mechanized battalion during Operation Iraqi Freedom II","volume":"170","author":"Gondusky","year":"2005"},{"key":"b15-0280008","series-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050802464510","article-title":"Monitoring perinatal outcomes in hospitals in Kabul, Afghanistan: the first step of a quality assurance process","volume":"22","author":"Guidotti","year":"2009"},{"key":"b16-0280008","series-title":"J Occup Med","first-page":"609","article-title":"United States military casualty comparison during the Persian Gulf War","volume":"36","author":"Helmkamp","year":"1994"},{"key":"b17-0280008","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa021099","article-title":"Global drug-resistance patterns and the management of latent tuberculosis infection in immigrants to the United States","volume":"347","author":"Khan","year":"2002"},{"key":"b18-0280008","series-title":"AANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee Newsletter","first-page":"2","article-title":"Military neurosurgery in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)","author":"Klimo","year":"2009"},{"key":"b19-0280008","series-title":"Mil Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/158.8.508","article-title":"A descriptive analysis of wounds among U.S. Marines treated at second-echelon facilities in the Kuwaiti theater of operations","volume":"158","author":"Leedham","year":"1993"},{"key":"b20-0280008","series-title":"Med Trop (Mars)","first-page":"463","article-title":"[Health system in Afghanistan: problems and institutional perspectives.]","volume":"68","author":"Lejars","year":"2008"},{"key":"b21-0280008","series-title":"Congress Quarterly","first-page":"31","article-title":"Neurosurgery in U.S. Military","volume":"9","author":"Moores","year":"2008"},{"key":"b22-0280008","series-title":"J R Army Med Corps","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-153-03-11","article-title":"Shaped charges and explosively formed penetrators: background for clinicians","volume":"153","author":"Morrison","year":"2007"},{"key":"b23-0280008","series-title":"Congress Quarterly","first-page":"1","article-title":"Project Shunt: University of Michigan goes to Guatemala","volume":"9","author":"Muraszko","year":"2008"},{"key":"b24-0280008","series-title":"Military Officer","first-page":"92","article-title":"Reducing the threat","volume":"6","author":"NiNicolo","year":"2008"},{"key":"b25-0280008","series-title":"J Orthop Trauma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31802f78fb","article-title":"Characterization of extremity wounds in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom","volume":"21","author":"Owens","year":"2007"},{"key":"b26-0280008","series-title":"J Trauma","first-page":"295","article-title":"Combat wounds in operation Iraqi Freedom and operation Enduring Freedom","volume":"64","author":"Owens","year":"2008"},{"key":"b27-0280008","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000048666.17934.17","article-title":"The role of anterior spinal instrumentation and allograft fibula for the treatment of pott disease","volume":"28","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2003"},{"key":"b28-0280008","series-title":"J R Army Med Corps","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-151-03-10","article-title":"Forward surgery on Operation Telic\u2014Iraq 2003","volume":"151","author":"Parker","year":"2005"},{"key":"b29-0280008","series-title":"Mil Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.170.6.462","article-title":"Combat casualties in Afghanistan cared for by a single Forward Surgical Team during the initial phases of Operation Enduring Freedom","volume":"170","author":"Peoples","year":"2005"},{"key":"b30-0280008","series-title":"Am J Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(03)00221-6","article-title":"The military surgeon and the war on terrorism: a Zollinger legacy","volume":"186","author":"Pratt","year":"2003"},{"key":"b31-0280008","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-008-0148-6","article-title":"Indirect gunshot wound to the head","volume":"150","author":"Ragel","year":"2008"},{"key":"b32-0280008","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2005.11.013","article-title":"A neurosurgeon in Iraq: a personal perspective","volume":"13","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2006"},{"key":"b33-0280008","series-title":"Br J Surg","first-page":"1307","article-title":"Management of Gulf War casualties","volume":"79","author":"Souka","year":"1992"},{"key":"b34-0280008","series-title":"Br J Surg","first-page":"1102","article-title":"Penetrating missile injuries in the Gulf War 1991","volume":"78","author":"Spalding","year":"1991"},{"key":"b35-0280008","series-title":"J Trauma","first-page":"286","article-title":"The effect of recombinant activated factor VII on mortality in combat-related casualties with severe trauma and massive transfusion","volume":"64","author":"Spinella","year":"2008"},{"key":"b36-0280008","series-title":"J R Army Med Corps","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-154-01-05","article-title":"Forward trauma surgery in Afghanistan: lessons learnt on the modern asymmetric battlefield","volume":"154","author":"Tai","year":"2008"},{"key":"b37-0280008","series-title":"Mil Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/158.5.348","article-title":"A retrospective review of orthopedic patients returning from Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm to an Army Medical Center","volume":"158","author":"Travis","year":"1993"},{"key":"b38-0280008","series-title":"Arch Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1993.01420150015002","article-title":"Lessons learned","volume":"128","author":"Trunkey","year":"1993"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"b39-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hydrocephalus in Uganda: the predominance of infectious origin and primary management with endoscopic third ventriculostomy","volume":"102","author":"Warf","year":"2005"},{"key":"b1-0280008","series-title":"DoD Personnel & Procurement Statistics: Global War on Terrorism Casualty Summary by Reason, October 7, 2001 through December 5, 2009","author":"Anonymous"},{"key":"b2-0280008","series-title":"Airman: Offical Magazine of the United States Air Force","first-page":"4","article-title":"Flying for life","volume":"42","author":"Bates","year":"2008"},{"key":"b3-0280008","series-title":"Am J Surg","first-page":"652","article-title":"Combat trauma experience with the United States Army 102nd Forward Surgical Team in Afghanistan","volume":"187","author":"Beekley","year":"2004"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"b4-0280008","series-title":"J Trauma","first-page":"S104","article-title":"Military traumatic brain and spinal column injury: a 5-year study of the impact blast and other military grade weaponry on the central nervous system","volume":"66","author":"Bell","year":"2009"},{"key":"b5-0280008","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.5.516","article-title":"Injuries and deaths from landmines and unexploded ordnance in Afghanistan 2002\u20132006","volume":"298","author":"Bilukha","year":"2007"},{"key":"b6-0280008","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.5.650","article-title":"Death and injury from landmines and unexploded ordnance in Afghanistan","volume":"290","author":"Bilukha","year":"2003"},{"key":"b7-0280008","series-title":"J Trauma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199907000-00021","article-title":"Blast injury from explosive munitions","volume":"47","author":"Cernak","year":"1999"},{"key":"b8-0280008","series-title":"American Forces Press Service","article-title":"New joint theater hospital offers advanced care in Afghanistan","author":"Doscher","year":"2007"},{"key":"b9-0280008","series-title":"Congress Quarterly","first-page":"17","article-title":"Neurosurgery in the bush","volume":"9","author":"Ellegala","year":"2008"},{"key":"b10-0280008","series-title":"Aust N Z J Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1997.tb07112.x","article-title":"Military surgery in Rwanda","volume":"67","author":"Farrow","year":"1997"},{"key":"b11-0280008","series-title":"Mil Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/160.3.128","article-title":"Orthopedic casualties in an activated National Guard Mechanized Infantry Brigade during Operation Desert Shield","volume":"160","author":"Foulkes","year":"1995"},{"key":"b12-0280008","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198405313102211","article-title":"Vitamin K-dependent proteins","volume":"310","author":"Friedman","year":"1984"},{"key":"b13-0280008","series-title":"Anesthesiol Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2006.11.002","article-title":"Mechanisms of injury by explosive devices","volume":"25","author":"Garner","year":"2007"},{"key":"b14-0280008","series-title":"Mil Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.170.6.546","article-title":"Protecting military convoys in Iraq: an examination of battle injuries sustained by a mechanized battalion during Operation Iraqi Freedom II","volume":"170","author":"Gondusky","year":"2005"},{"key":"b15-0280008","series-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050802464510","article-title":"Monitoring perinatal outcomes in hospitals in Kabul, Afghanistan: the first step of a quality assurance process","volume":"22","author":"Guidotti","year":"2009"},{"key":"b16-0280008","series-title":"J Occup Med","first-page":"609","article-title":"United States military casualty comparison during the Persian Gulf War","volume":"36","author":"Helmkamp","year":"1994"},{"key":"b17-0280008","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa021099","article-title":"Global drug-resistance patterns and the management of latent tuberculosis infection in immigrants to the United States","volume":"347","author":"Khan","year":"2002"},{"key":"b18-0280008","series-title":"AANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee Newsletter","first-page":"2","article-title":"Military neurosurgery in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)","author":"Klimo","year":"2009"},{"key":"b19-0280008","series-title":"Mil Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/158.8.508","article-title":"A descriptive analysis of wounds among U.S. Marines treated at second-echelon facilities in the Kuwaiti theater of operations","volume":"158","author":"Leedham","year":"1993"},{"key":"b20-0280008","series-title":"Med Trop (Mars)","first-page":"463","article-title":"[Health system in Afghanistan: problems and institutional perspectives.]","volume":"68","author":"Lejars","year":"2008"},{"key":"b21-0280008","series-title":"Congress Quarterly","first-page":"31","article-title":"Neurosurgery in U.S. Military","volume":"9","author":"Moores","year":"2008"},{"key":"b22-0280008","series-title":"J R Army Med Corps","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-153-03-11","article-title":"Shaped charges and explosively formed penetrators: background for clinicians","volume":"153","author":"Morrison","year":"2007"},{"key":"b23-0280008","series-title":"Congress Quarterly","first-page":"1","article-title":"Project Shunt: University of Michigan goes to Guatemala","volume":"9","author":"Muraszko","year":"2008"},{"key":"b24-0280008","series-title":"Military Officer","first-page":"92","article-title":"Reducing the threat","volume":"6","author":"NiNicolo","year":"2008"},{"key":"b25-0280008","series-title":"J Orthop Trauma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31802f78fb","article-title":"Characterization of extremity wounds in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom","volume":"21","author":"Owens","year":"2007"},{"key":"b26-0280008","series-title":"J Trauma","first-page":"295","article-title":"Combat wounds in operation Iraqi Freedom and operation Enduring Freedom","volume":"64","author":"Owens","year":"2008"},{"key":"b27-0280008","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000048666.17934.17","article-title":"The role of anterior spinal instrumentation and allograft fibula for the treatment of pott disease","volume":"28","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2003"},{"key":"b28-0280008","series-title":"J R Army Med Corps","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-151-03-10","article-title":"Forward surgery on Operation Telic\u2014Iraq 2003","volume":"151","author":"Parker","year":"2005"},{"key":"b29-0280008","series-title":"Mil Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.170.6.462","article-title":"Combat casualties in Afghanistan cared for by a single Forward Surgical Team during the initial phases of Operation Enduring Freedom","volume":"170","author":"Peoples","year":"2005"},{"key":"b30-0280008","series-title":"Am J Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(03)00221-6","article-title":"The military surgeon and the war on terrorism: a Zollinger legacy","volume":"186","author":"Pratt","year":"2003"},{"key":"b31-0280008","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-008-0148-6","article-title":"Indirect gunshot wound to the head","volume":"150","author":"Ragel","year":"2008"},{"key":"b32-0280008","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2005.11.013","article-title":"A neurosurgeon in Iraq: a personal perspective","volume":"13","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2006"},{"key":"b33-0280008","series-title":"Br J Surg","first-page":"1307","article-title":"Management of Gulf War casualties","volume":"79","author":"Souka","year":"1992"},{"key":"b34-0280008","series-title":"Br J Surg","first-page":"1102","article-title":"Penetrating missile injuries in the Gulf War 1991","volume":"78","author":"Spalding","year":"1991"},{"key":"b35-0280008","series-title":"J Trauma","first-page":"286","article-title":"The effect of recombinant activated factor VII on mortality in combat-related casualties with severe trauma and massive transfusion","volume":"64","author":"Spinella","year":"2008"},{"key":"b36-0280008","series-title":"J R Army Med Corps","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-154-01-05","article-title":"Forward trauma surgery in Afghanistan: lessons learnt on the modern asymmetric battlefield","volume":"154","author":"Tai","year":"2008"},{"key":"b37-0280008","series-title":"Mil Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/158.5.348","article-title":"A retrospective review of orthopedic patients returning from Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm to an Army Medical Center","volume":"158","author":"Travis","year":"1993"},{"key":"b38-0280008","series-title":"Arch Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1993.01420150015002","article-title":"Lessons learned","volume":"128","author":"Trunkey","year":"1993"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"b39-0280008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hydrocephalus in Uganda: the predominance of infectious origin and primary management with endoscopic third ventriculostomy","volume":"102","author":"Warf","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/28\/5\/2010.3.focus09324.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/28\/5\/2010.3.focus09324.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/28\/5\/2010.3.focus09324.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T08:17:32Z","timestamp":1780733852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/28\/5\/2010.3.focus09324.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2010.3.focus09324","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}}}