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The clinical constellation of signs and symptoms associated with TCS may include dermatologic, urological, gastrointestinal, neurological, and orthopedic findings. The current review focuses on TCS by age group of the more common causes of the condition, including myelomeningocele, lipomyelomeningocele, as well as the adult presentation of occult TCS. Pertinent review of the neuroembryology and normal anatomical position of the conus medullaris is included.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.focus1079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]],"date-time":"2010-07-01T10:06:52Z","timestamp":1277978812000},"page":"E1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":220,"title":["Tethered cord syndrome: a review of the literature from embryology to adult presentation"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Dean A.","family":"Hertzler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"DePowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles B.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco T.","family":"Mangano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0290001","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010070038","article-title":"Tethered cord syndrome in adults","volume":"142","author":"Akay","year":"2000"},{"key":"b2-0290001","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-008-0140-x","article-title":"Surgery in adult onset tethered cord syndrome (ATCS): review of literature on occasion of an exceptional case","volume":"31","author":"Aufschnaiter","year":"2008"},{"key":"b3-0290001","series-title":"J Anat","first-page":"489","article-title":"The vertebral level of termination of the spinal cord during normal and abnormal development","volume":"106","author":"Barson","year":"1970"},{"key":"b4-0290001","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1159\/000056005","article-title":"Spina bifida outcome: a 25-year prospective","volume":"34","author":"Bowman","year":"2001"},{"key":"b5-0290001","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.12.PEDS0874","article-title":"Tethered cord release: a long-term study in 114 patients. 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