{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T18:03:30Z","timestamp":1760983410412},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The authors report on 2 young patients who developed drug-resistant idiopathic dystonic camptocormia (bent spine) and were treated successfully by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi). The first patient, a 26-year-old woman, suffered for 3 years from such severe camptocormia that she became unable to walk and was confined to bed or a wheelchair. The second patient, a 21-year-old man, suffered for 6 months from less severe camptocormia; he was able to walk but only for short distances with a very bent spine, the arms in a parallel position to the legs, and the hands almost approaching the floor to potentially support him in case of a forward fall. Within a few days following DBS, both patients experienced marked clinical improvement. At most recent follow-up (44 months in one case and 42 in the other), the patients' ability to walk upright remained normal. Similar findings have only been reported recently in a few cases of camptocormia secondary to Parkinson disease or tardive dyskinesia. On the basis of the experience of these 2 idiopathic cases and the previously reported cases of secondary camptocormia with a favorable response to GPi DBS, the authors postulate that specific patterns of oscillatory activity in the GPi are vital for the maintenance of erect posture and the adoption of bipedal walking by humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.jns09981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,9]],"date-time":"2010-04-09T14:09:19Z","timestamp":1270822159000},"page":"1246-1250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Restoration of erect posture in idiopathic camptocormia by electrical stimulation of the globus pallidus internus"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Damianos E.","family":"Sakas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis G.","family":"Panourias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lampis C.","family":"Stavrinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Efstathios J.","family":"Boviatsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marios","family":"Themistocleous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pantelis","family":"Stathis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Tagaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Angelopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stylianos","family":"Gatzonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns09981","series-title":"Trends Neurosci","first-page":"366","article-title":"The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders","volume":"12","author":"Albin","year":"1989"},{"key":"b2-jns09981","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ed 4. Text Revision: DSM-IV-TRTM","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"b3-jns09981","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"355","article-title":"Camptocormia: pathogenesis, classification, and response to therapy","volume":"65","author":"Azher","year":"2005"},{"key":"b4-jns09981","series-title":"Prog Neurobiol","first-page":"439","article-title":"Information processing, dimensionality reduction and reinforcement learning in the basal ganglia","volume":"71","author":"Bar-Gad","year":"2003"},{"key":"b5-jns09981","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"12","article-title":"Paradoxes of functional neurosurgery: clues from basal ganglia recordings","volume":"23","author":"Brown","year":"2008"},{"key":"b6-jns09981","series-title":"J Anat","first-page":"501","article-title":"Locomotion and posture from the common hominoid ancestor to fully modern hominins, with special reference to the last common panin\/hominin ancestor","volume":"212","author":"Crompton","year":"2008"},{"key":"b7-jns09981","series-title":"Trends Neurosci","first-page":"281","article-title":"Primate models of movement disorders of basal ganglia origin","volume":"13","author":"DeLong","year":"1990"},{"key":"b8-jns09981","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"1205","article-title":"Camptocormia in Parkinson's disease: new insights","volume":"77","author":"Djaldetti","year":"2006"},{"key":"b9-jns09981","series-title":"Adv Neurol","first-page":"431","article-title":"Psychogenic dystonia","volume":"50","author":"Fahn","year":"1988"},{"key":"b10-jns09981","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"205","article-title":"Effects of pedunculopontine nucleus area stimulation on gait disorders in Parkinson's disease","volume":"133","author":"Ferraye","year":"2010"},{"key":"b11-jns09981","series-title":"Lancet Neurol","first-page":"780","article-title":"The diagnosis of dystonia","volume":"5","author":"Geyer","year":"2006"},{"key":"b12-jns09981","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1393","article-title":"Camptocormia, axial dystonia, and parkinsonism: phenotypic heterogeneity of a parkin mutation","volume":"60","author":"Inzelberg","year":"2003"},{"key":"b13-jns09981","series-title":"Neuroimage","first-page":"786","article-title":"Imaging human supraspinal locomotor centers in brainstem and cerebellum","volume":"39","author":"Jahn","year":"2008"},{"key":"b14-jns09981","series-title":"Spine","first-page":"1494","article-title":"The old and the new camptocormia","volume":"24","author":"Karbowski","year":"1999"},{"key":"b15-jns09981","series-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol","first-page":"18","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for dystonia","volume":"21","author":"Krauss","year":"2004"},{"key":"b16-jns09981","series-title":"Spine","first-page":"1011","article-title":"Is camptocormia a primary muscular disease?","volume":"20","author":"Laroche","year":"1995"},{"key":"b17-jns09981","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"877","article-title":"The functions of the basal ganglia and the paradox of stereotaxic surgery in Parkinson's disease","volume":"117","author":"Marsden","year":"1994"},{"key":"b18-jns09981","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1081","article-title":"Camptocormia in a patient with Parkinson disease: beneficial effects of pallidal deep brain stimulation. Case report","volume":"103","author":"Michelli","year":"2005"},{"key":"b19-jns09981","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"461","article-title":"Camptocormia treated with bilateral pallidal stimulation","volume":"97","author":"Nandi","year":"2002"},{"key":"b20-jns09981","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"177","article-title":"Acute onset dystonic camptocormia caused by lenticular lesions","volume":"16","author":"Nieves","year":"2001"},{"key":"b21-jns09981","series-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-33081-4_18","article-title":"Technical aspects and considerations of deep brain stimulation surgery for movement disorders","volume":"97","author":"Sakas","year":"2007"},{"key":"b22-jns09981","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1271","article-title":"Treatment of idiopathic head drop (camptocephalia) by deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus. Case report","volume":"110","author":"Sakas","year":"2009"},{"key":"b23-jns09981","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"1076","article-title":"Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for camptocormia associated with Parkinson's disease","volume":"15","author":"Sako","year":"2009"},{"key":"b24-jns09981","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"408","article-title":"Severe forward flexion of the trunk in Parkinson's disease: focal myopathy of the paraspinal muscles mimicking camptocormia","volume":"18","author":"Sch\u00e4bitz","year":"2003"},{"key":"b25-jns09981","series-title":"Eur J Neurol","first-page":"107","article-title":"Camptocormia as a form of dystonia in Parkinson's disease","volume":"10","author":"S\u0142awek","year":"2003"},{"key":"b26-jns09981","series-title":"Rev Neurol","first-page":"937","article-title":"La camptocormie","volume":"22","author":"Souques","year":"1915"},{"key":"b27-jns09981","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"818","article-title":"Dystonia","volume":"355","author":"Tarsy","year":"2006"},{"key":"b28-jns09981","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"1","article-title":"Head drop and camptocormia","volume":"73","author":"Umapathi","year":"2002"},{"issue":"3 Suppl 3","key":"b29-jns09981","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"S49","article-title":"Pathophysiology of dystonia: a neuronal model","volume":"17","author":"Vitek","year":"2002"},{"key":"b30-jns09981","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"598","article-title":"Camptocormia in Parkinson's disease mimicked by focal myositis of the paraspinal muscles","volume":"17","author":"Wunderlich","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/113\/6\/article-p1246.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/113\/6\/article-p1246.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/113\/6\/article-p1246.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T03:23:48Z","timestamp":1679887428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/113\/6\/article-p1246.xml"}},"subtitle":["Report of 2 cases"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2010.3.jns09981","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}}}