{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T15:21:56Z","timestamp":1794324116607,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"\n Object<\/jats:title>\n The authors tested the hypothesis that deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) decreases alcohol intake in alcohol-preferring (P) rats after each animal has established a stable, large alcohol intake and after P rats with an established intake have been deprived of alcohol for 4\u20136 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Bipolar stimulating electrodes were bilaterally placed in the NAcc using stereotactic coordinates. In the first study, P rats (9 animals) were allowed to establish a stable pattern of alcohol intake (about 5\u20137 g\/day) over approximately 2 weeks, and the acute effects of DBS in the NAcc (140\u2013150 Hz, 60-\u03bcsec pulse width, and 200-\u03bcA current intensity) on alcohol intake and alcohol preference were studied. Each animal acted as its own control and received 1 hour of DBS followed by 1 hour of sham-DBS or vice versa on each of 2 sequential days. The order of testing (sham-DBS vs DBS) was randomized. In the second study, each animal was allowed to establish a stable alcohol intake and then the animal was deprived of alcohol for 4\u20136 weeks. Animals received DBS (6 rats) or sham-DBS (5 rats) in the NAcc for 24 hours starting when alcohol was reintroduced to each animal.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Deep brain stimulation in the NAcc, as compared with a period of sham-DBS treatment in the same animals, acutely decreased alcohol preference. Furthermore, alcohol consumption and preference were significantly reduced in the DBS group compared with the sham treatment group during the first 24 hours that alcohol was made available after a period of forced abstinence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The NAcc plays a key role in the rewarding and subsequent addictive properties of drugs of abuse in general and of alcohol in particular. Deep brain stimulation in the NAcc reduced alcohol consumption in P rats both acutely and after a period of alcohol deprivation. Therefore, DBS in the NAcc coupled with other neurophysiological measurements may be a useful tool in determining the role of the NAcc in the mesocorticolimbic reward circuit. Deep brain stimulation in the NAcc may also be an effective treatment for reducing alcohol consumption in patients who abuse alcohol and have not responded to other forms of therapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.4.focus10105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,30]],"date-time":"2010-07-30T09:36:14Z","timestamp":1280482574000},"page":"E12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens reduces alcohol intake in alcohol-preferring rats"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Toxicology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan I.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"},{"name":"Psychiatry, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perry S.","family":"Bradford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Leiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0290012","series-title":"Addict Biol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2005.00029.x","article-title":"The alcohol-preferring P rat and animal models of excessive alcohol drinking","volume":"11","author":"Bell","year":"2006"},{"key":"b2-0290012","series-title":"Expert Rev Med Devices","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1586\/17434440.4.6.895","article-title":"What the future holds for deep brain stimulation","volume":"4","author":"Benabid","year":"2007"},{"key":"b3-0290012","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.84.2.0203","article-title":"Chronic electrical stimulation of the ventralis intermedius nucleus of the thalamus as a treatment of movement disorders","volume":"84","author":"Benabid","year":"1996"},{"key":"b4-0290012","series-title":"Neurosci Lett","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(95)11455-6","article-title":"Responses of substantia nigra pars reticulata and globus pallidus complex to high frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in rats: electrophysiological data","volume":"189","author":"Benazzouz","year":"1995"},{"key":"b5-0290012","series-title":"The Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Alcohol","first-page":"533","article-title":"A critique of animal analogues of alcoholism","author":"Cicero","year":"1979"},{"key":"b6-0290012","series-title":"Appl Neurophysiol","first-page":"209","article-title":"Chronic cerebellar stimulation (CCS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) in involuntary movement disorders","volume":"45","author":"Cooper","year":"1982"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"b7-0290012","series-title":"Mov Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10143","article-title":"Mechanisms of deep brain stimulation","volume":"17","author":"Dostrovsky","year":"2002"},{"key":"b8-0290012","series-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3109\/10673229909017206","article-title":"Clozapine for comorbid substance use disorder and schizophrenia: do patients with schizophrenia have a reward-deficiency syndrome that can be ameliorated by clozapine?","volume":"6","author":"Green","year":"1999"},{"key":"b9-0290012","series-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1997.tb04251.x","article-title":"6-OHDA-lesions of the nucleus accumbens disrupt the acquisition but not the maintenance of ethanol consumption in the alcohol-preferring P line of rats","volume":"21","author":"Ikemoto","year":"1997"},{"key":"b10-0290012","series-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2009.01.017","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens reduces ethanol consumption in rats","volume":"92","author":"Knapp","year":"2009"},{"key":"b11-0290012","series-title":"Adv Pharmacol","first-page":"969","article-title":"Drug abuse and alcoholism. 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