{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T13:38:20Z","timestamp":1783777100311,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The object of this study was to assess the efficacy and complications of endoscopic management of anterior skull base defects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors reviewed the medical records of 28 children (20 boys and 8 girls) undergoing endoscopic repair of anterior skull base defects in their tertiary referral center between 2001 and 2008; 18 cases were congenital and 10 cases posttraumatic. During the endoscopic procedure, rigid telescopes\u20142.7 or 4 mm in diameter, with 0\u00b0 or 30\u00b0 lenses\u2014were used. In 23 patients the anterior skull base defect was sealed with fragments of middle turbinate (bone and mucosa). In the remaining 5 patients it was sealed with cartilage harvested from the nasal septum (3 cases) or from the auricle (2 cases), fibrin glue, and oxidized cellulose. A combined external and endoscopic approach was required in 3 cases because of the size and extensions of the encephalocele. Outcome was primarily assessed by means of clinical examination, nasal fibroscopy, and imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mean duration of follow-up was 26.7 months (range 9\u201357 months). One patient treated by a combined approach died of meningitis 2 years after surgery. In the remaining 27 patients, there was no recurrence of CSF leak, meningitis, or encephalocele. An iatrogenic frontal or ethmoidal mucocele was observed in 4 cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The endoscopic approach is a minimally invasive, safe, and efficient technique for removing nasal encephaloceles in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.8.peds09325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T15:03:55Z","timestamp":1288623835000},"page":"459-463","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Treatment of anterior skull base defects by a transnasal endoscopic approach in children"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Federico","family":"Di Rocco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatric Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Couloigner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ear Nose Throat, Necker\u2013Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Public H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Universit\u00e9 Paris 5; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Dastoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatric Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Sainte-Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatric Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Zerah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatric Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Roger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Ear Nose Throat Department, Armand Trousseau Hospital, AP-HP and Universit\u00e9 Paris 6, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0060459","series-title":"Ear Nose Throat J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1177\/014556139207100704","article-title":"Neurosurgical approaches to cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea","volume":"71","author":"Aarabi","year":"1992"},{"key":"b2-0060459","series-title":"Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-72283-1_4","article-title":"Extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the midline skull base: the evolving role of transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"33","author":"Cappabianca","year":"2008"},{"key":"b3-0060459","series-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Suppl","first-page":"20","article-title":"Spontaneous cerebrospinal rhinorrhoea; 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