{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:03:50Z","timestamp":1791893030360,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Craniosynostosis, the premature closure of cranial sutures, has been known to exist for centuries, but modern surgical management has only emerged and evolved over the past 100 years. The success of surgery for this condition has been based on the recognition of scientific principles that dictate brain and cranial growth in early infancy and childhood. The evolution of strip craniectomies and suturectomies to extensive calvarial remodeling and endoscopic suturectomies has been driven by a growing understanding of how a prematurely fused cranial suture can affect the growth and shape of the entire skull. In this review, the authors discuss the early descriptions of craniosynostosis, describe the scientific principles upon which surgical intervention was based, and briefly summarize the eras of surgical management and their evolution to present day.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.9.focus10204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T10:00:28Z","timestamp":1291197628000},"page":"E5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["The evolution of surgical management for craniosynostosis"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Vivek A.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chetan","family":"Bettegowda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George I.","family":"Jallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward S.","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0290005","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198508000-00016","article-title":"Operative normalization of skull shape in sagittal synostosis","volume":"17","author":"Albright","year":"1985"},{"key":"b2-0290005","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"961","article-title":"Craniosynostosis; a modification in surgical treatment","volume":"40","author":"Anderson","year":"1956"},{"key":"b3-0290005","series-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1968.tb07285.x","article-title":"Craniosynostosis. Review of the literature and indications for surgery","volume":"57","author":"Andersson","year":"1968"},{"key":"b4-0290005","series-title":"Bull Soc M\u00e9d Paris","first-page":"1310","article-title":"De l'acroc\u00e9phalosyndactalie","volume":"23","author":"Apert","year":"1906"},{"key":"b5-0290005","series-title":"Clin Plast Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2004.03.011","article-title":"Correction of sagittal synostosis using a modified Pi method","volume":"31","author":"Boulos","year":"2004"},{"key":"b6-0290005","series-title":"Craniosynostosis: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management","author":"Cohen","year":"1986"},{"key":"b7-0290005","series-title":"Bull Mem Soc Med Hop Paris","first-page":"545","article-title":"Dysostose cranio-faciale hereditaire","volume":"33","author":"Crouzon","year":"1912"},{"key":"b8-0290005","series-title":"Surgery: Its Principles and Practice","first-page":"17","article-title":"Surgery of the head","volume":"3","author":"Cushing","year":"1908"},{"key":"b9-0290005","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.70.2.0159","article-title":"Cranial vault growth in craniosynostosis","volume":"70","author":"Delashaw","year":"1989"},{"key":"b10-0290005","series-title":"Cirugia Universale e Perfetta","author":"della Croce","year":"1583"},{"key":"b11-0290005","series-title":"System of Surgery","volume":"1","year":"1895"},{"key":"b12-0290005","series-title":"Operative Neurosurgical Techniques: Indications, Methods, and Results","first-page":"135","article-title":"Surgical management of craniosynostosis and craniofacial deformities","volume":"2","author":"Di Rocco","year":"1995"},{"key":"b13-0290005","series-title":"Anatomie Capitis Humani","author":"Dryander","year":"1537"},{"key":"b14-0290005","series-title":"Childs Brain","first-page":"309","article-title":"Total vertex craniectomy for the treatment of scaphocephaly","volume":"9","author":"Epstein","year":"1982"},{"key":"b15-0290005","series-title":"Am J Med Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-192705000-00012","article-title":"Early craniectomy as a preventive measure in oxycephaly and allied conditions: with special reference to the prevention of blindness","volume":"173","author":"Faber","year":"1927"},{"key":"b16-0290005","series-title":"J Paediat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(43)80168-2","article-title":"Early operation in premature cranial synostosis for the prevention of blindness and other sequelae. Five case reports with follow-up","volume":"22","author":"Faber","year":"1943"},{"key":"b17-0290005","series-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-199907000-00002","article-title":"Blood loss and transfusion practice in the perioperative management of craniosynostosis repair","volume":"11","author":"Faberowski","year":"1999"},{"key":"b18-0290005","series-title":"Plastic Techniques in Neurosurgery","first-page":"75","article-title":"Craniofacial reconstruction for craniosynostosis","author":"Goodrich","year":"1991"},{"key":"b19-0290005","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198808000-00012","article-title":"Treatment of scaphocephaly with sagittal craniectomy and biparietal morcellation","volume":"23","author":"Greene","year":"1988"},{"key":"b20-0290005","series-title":"Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-0558-0_2","article-title":"Advances in craniosynostosis research and management","volume":"29","author":"Guimar\u00e3es-Ferreira","year":"2004"},{"key":"b21-0290005","series-title":"Antrologium de Hominis Dignitate","author":"Hundt","year":"1501"},{"key":"b22-0290005","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"518","article-title":"Clinical studies in craniosynostosis analysis of 50 cases and description of a method of surgical treatment","volume":"24","author":"Ingraham","year":"1948"},{"key":"b23-0290005","series-title":"Med Rec","first-page":"609","article-title":"Non nocere","volume":"45","author":"Jacobi","year":"1894"},{"key":"b24-0290005","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1978.49.5.0705","article-title":"Immediate correction of sagittal synostosis","volume":"49","author":"Jane","year":"1978"},{"key":"b25-0290005","article-title":"Craniosynostosis","author":"Jane"},{"key":"b26-0290005","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.88.1.0077","article-title":"Endoscopic craniectomy for early surgical correction of sagittal craniosynostosis","volume":"88","author":"Jimenez","year":"1998"},{"issue":"3","key":"b27-0290005","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"e2","article-title":"Endoscopy-assisted wide-vertex craniectomy, \u201cbarrel-stave\u201d osteotomies, and postoperative helmet molding therapy in the early management of sagittal suture craniosynostosis","volume":"9","author":"Jimenez","year":"2000"},{"key":"b28-0290005","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.10.PEDS09216","article-title":"Multiple-suture nonsyndromic craniosynostosis: early and effective management using endoscopic techniques. Clinical article","volume":"5","author":"Jimenez","year":"2010"},{"key":"b29-0290005","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.1.97","article-title":"Early management of craniosynostosis using endoscopic-assisted strip craniectomies and cranial orthotic molding therapy","volume":"110","author":"Jimenez","year":"2002"},{"key":"b30-0290005","series-title":"Can J Anaesth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03005352","article-title":"Craniosynostosis: an assessment of blood loss and transfusion practices","volume":"36","author":"Kearney","year":"1989"},{"key":"b31-0290005","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"49","article-title":"Pioneer craniectomy for relief of mental imbecility due to premature sutural closure and microcephalus","volume":"18","author":"Lane","year":"1892"},{"key":"b32-0290005","series-title":"Surgery of the Head and Neck","author":"Lane","year":"1896"},{"key":"b33-0290005","series-title":"Compt Rend Seances Acad Sci","first-page":"1382","article-title":"De la craniectomie dans la microc\u00e9phalie","volume":"50","author":"Lannelongue","year":"1890"},{"key":"b34-0290005","series-title":"The Growth of Bone: Observations on Osteogenesis","first-page":"142","author":"MacEwen","year":"1912"},{"key":"b35-0290005","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198001000-00006","article-title":"Effect of the dural application of Zenker's solution on the feline brain","volume":"6","author":"Marlin","year":"1980"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"b36-0290005","series-title":"Cleft Palate J","first-page":"9","article-title":"Cranial base changes following surgical treatment of craniosynostosis","volume":"23","author":"Marsh","year":"1986"},{"key":"b37-0290005","series-title":"Neurosurgery of Infancy and Childhood","first-page":"138","article-title":"Craniosynostosis","author":"Matson","year":"1969"},{"key":"b38-0290005","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1159\/000120772","article-title":"Occipital reduction-biparietal widening technique for correction of sagittal synostosis","volume":"20","author":"McComb","year":"1994"},{"key":"b39-0290005","series-title":"Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd","first-page":"204","article-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zu den Augenver\u00e4nderungen bei der Sch\u00e4deldeformit\u00e4t des sog: Turmsch\u00e4dels mit besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung des R\u00f6ntgenbildes","volume":"61","author":"Mehner","year":"1921"},{"key":"b40-0290005","series-title":"Am J Anat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000940302","article-title":"Growth of the calvaria in the rat; the determination of osseous morphology","volume":"94","author":"Moss","year":"1954"},{"key":"b41-0290005","series-title":"Acta Anat (Basel)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1159\/000141479","article-title":"The pathogenesis of premature cranial synostosis in man","volume":"37","author":"Moss","year":"1959"},{"key":"b42-0290005","series-title":"N Y State J Med","first-page":"270","article-title":"Premature closure of sutures of cranial vault; a plea for early recognition and early operation","volume":"47","author":"Mount","year":"1947"},{"key":"b43-0290005","series-title":"Lehrbuch der Pathologischen Anatomie des Menschen und der Thiere","author":"Otto","year":"1830"},{"key":"b44-0290005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198611000-00006","article-title":"Skull expansion in experimental craniosynostosis","volume":"78","author":"Persing","year":"1986"},{"key":"b45-0290005","series-title":"Ann Plast Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198610000-00002","article-title":"External cranial vault molding after craniofacial surgery","volume":"17","author":"Persing","year":"1986"},{"key":"b46-0290005","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1979.50.2.0187","article-title":"Craniofacial growth following experimental craniosynostosis and craniectomy in rabbits","volume":"50","author":"Persson","year":"1979"},{"key":"b47-0290005","series-title":"Br J Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-10-114-445","article-title":"Some notes on craniosynostosis","volume":"10","author":"Sear","year":"1937"},{"key":"b48-0290005","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.41.4.829","article-title":"Craniosynostosis: a review of 519 surgical patients","volume":"41","author":"Shillito","year":"1968"},{"key":"b49-0290005","series-title":"J Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(47)80142-8","article-title":"Premature closure of the cranial sutures","volume":"31","author":"Simmons","year":"1947"},{"key":"b50-0290005","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.1.e2","article-title":"Surgical treatment of craniosynostosis: outcome analysis of 250 consecutive patients","volume":"100","author":"Sloan","year":"1997"},{"key":"b51-0290005","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"153","article-title":"Management of scaphocephaly","volume":"7","author":"Stein","year":"1977"},{"key":"b52-0290005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197111000-00002","article-title":"The definitive plastic surgical treatment of the severe facial deformities of craniofacial dysostosis. Crouzon's and Apert's diseases","volume":"48","author":"Tessier","year":"1971"},{"key":"b53-0290005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197109000-00005","article-title":"Relationship of craniostenoses to craniofacial dysostoses, and to faciostenoses: a study with therapeutic implications","volume":"48","author":"Tessier","year":"1971"},{"key":"b54-0290005","series-title":"Dtsch Zahn Mund Kieferheilkd Zentralbl Gesamte","first-page":"302","article-title":"[Treatment of facial dysmorphias in craniofacial dysostosis, Crouzon's and Apert's diseases. Total osteotomy and sagittal displacement of the facial massive. Faciostenosis, sequelae of Lefort 3 fracture.]","volume":"57","author":"Tessier","year":"1971"},{"key":"b55-0290005","series-title":"The Practice of Neurosurgery","volume":"1","author":"Tindall","year":"1996"},{"key":"b56-0290005","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200501000-00012","article-title":"Blood loss and transfusion rates during repair of craniofacial deformities","volume":"16","author":"Tun\u00e7bilek","year":"2005"},{"key":"b57-0290005","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1976.44.3.0390","article-title":"Sagittal synostectomy. Technical note","volume":"44","author":"Venes","year":"1976"},{"key":"b58-0290005","series-title":"De Humani Corporis Fabrica","author":"Vesalius","year":"1543"},{"key":"b59-0290005","series-title":"Verh Phys Med Gesell Wurzburg","first-page":"230","article-title":"Uber den Cretinismus, namentlich in Franken, und uber pathologische Schadelformen","volume":"2","author":"Virchow","year":"1851"},{"key":"b60-0290005","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1984.61.3.0557","article-title":"Variants of sagittal synostosis: strategies for surgical correction","volume":"61","author":"Vollmer","year":"1984"},{"key":"b61-0290005","series-title":"Vom Baue des Menschlichen K\u00f6rpers","author":"von S\u00f6mmering","year":"1801"},{"key":"b62-0290005","series-title":"Vom Baue des Menschlichen K\u00f6rpers","author":"von S\u00f6mmering","year":"1839"},{"key":"b63-0290005","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"3673","article-title":"Craniosynostosis","volume":"Vol 3","author":"Winston","year":"1996"},{"key":"b1-0290005","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198508000-00016","article-title":"Operative normalization of skull shape in sagittal synostosis","volume":"17","author":"Albright","year":"1985"},{"key":"b2-0290005","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"961","article-title":"Craniosynostosis; a modification in surgical treatment","volume":"40","author":"Anderson","year":"1956"},{"key":"b3-0290005","series-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1968.tb07285.x","article-title":"Craniosynostosis. Review of the literature and indications for surgery","volume":"57","author":"Andersson","year":"1968"},{"key":"b4-0290005","series-title":"Bull Soc M\u00e9d Paris","first-page":"1310","article-title":"De l'acroc\u00e9phalosyndactalie","volume":"23","author":"Apert","year":"1906"},{"key":"b5-0290005","series-title":"Clin Plast Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2004.03.011","article-title":"Correction of sagittal synostosis using a modified Pi method","volume":"31","author":"Boulos","year":"2004"},{"key":"b6-0290005","series-title":"Craniosynostosis: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management","author":"Cohen","year":"1986"},{"key":"b7-0290005","series-title":"Bull Mem Soc Med Hop Paris","first-page":"545","article-title":"Dysostose cranio-faciale hereditaire","volume":"33","author":"Crouzon","year":"1912"},{"key":"b8-0290005","series-title":"Surgery: Its Principles and Practice","first-page":"17","article-title":"Surgery of the head","volume":"3","author":"Cushing","year":"1908"},{"key":"b9-0290005","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.70.2.0159","article-title":"Cranial vault growth in craniosynostosis","volume":"70","author":"Delashaw","year":"1989"},{"key":"b10-0290005","series-title":"Cirugia Universale e Perfetta","author":"della Croce","year":"1583"},{"key":"b11-0290005","series-title":"System of Surgery","volume":"1","year":"1895"},{"key":"b12-0290005","series-title":"Operative Neurosurgical Techniques: Indications, Methods, and Results","first-page":"135","article-title":"Surgical management of craniosynostosis and craniofacial deformities","volume":"2","author":"Di Rocco","year":"1995"},{"key":"b13-0290005","series-title":"Anatomie Capitis Humani","author":"Dryander","year":"1537"},{"key":"b14-0290005","series-title":"Childs Brain","first-page":"309","article-title":"Total vertex craniectomy for the treatment of scaphocephaly","volume":"9","author":"Epstein","year":"1982"},{"key":"b15-0290005","series-title":"Am J Med Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-192705000-00012","article-title":"Early craniectomy as a preventive measure in oxycephaly and allied conditions: with special reference to the prevention of blindness","volume":"173","author":"Faber","year":"1927"},{"key":"b16-0290005","series-title":"J Paediat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(43)80168-2","article-title":"Early operation in premature cranial synostosis for the prevention of blindness and other sequelae. Five case reports with follow-up","volume":"22","author":"Faber","year":"1943"},{"key":"b17-0290005","series-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-199907000-00002","article-title":"Blood loss and transfusion practice in the perioperative management of craniosynostosis repair","volume":"11","author":"Faberowski","year":"1999"},{"key":"b18-0290005","series-title":"Plastic Techniques in Neurosurgery","first-page":"75","article-title":"Craniofacial reconstruction for craniosynostosis","author":"Goodrich","year":"1991"},{"key":"b19-0290005","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198808000-00012","article-title":"Treatment of scaphocephaly with sagittal craniectomy and biparietal morcellation","volume":"23","author":"Greene","year":"1988"},{"key":"b20-0290005","series-title":"Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-0558-0_2","article-title":"Advances in craniosynostosis research and management","volume":"29","author":"Guimar\u00e3es-Ferreira","year":"2004"},{"key":"b21-0290005","series-title":"Antrologium de Hominis Dignitate","author":"Hundt","year":"1501"},{"key":"b22-0290005","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"518","article-title":"Clinical studies in craniosynostosis analysis of 50 cases and description of a method of surgical treatment","volume":"24","author":"Ingraham","year":"1948"},{"key":"b23-0290005","series-title":"Med Rec","first-page":"609","article-title":"Non nocere","volume":"45","author":"Jacobi","year":"1894"},{"key":"b24-0290005","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1978.49.5.0705","article-title":"Immediate correction of sagittal synostosis","volume":"49","author":"Jane","year":"1978"},{"key":"b25-0290005","article-title":"Craniosynostosis","author":"Jane"},{"key":"b26-0290005","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.88.1.0077","article-title":"Endoscopic craniectomy for early surgical correction of sagittal craniosynostosis","volume":"88","author":"Jimenez","year":"1998"},{"issue":"3","key":"b27-0290005","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"e2","article-title":"Endoscopy-assisted wide-vertex craniectomy, \u201cbarrel-stave\u201d osteotomies, and postoperative helmet molding therapy in the early management of sagittal suture craniosynostosis","volume":"9","author":"Jimenez","year":"2000"},{"key":"b28-0290005","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.10.PEDS09216","article-title":"Multiple-suture nonsyndromic craniosynostosis: early and effective management using endoscopic techniques. Clinical article","volume":"5","author":"Jimenez","year":"2010"},{"key":"b29-0290005","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.1.97","article-title":"Early management of craniosynostosis using endoscopic-assisted strip craniectomies and cranial orthotic molding therapy","volume":"110","author":"Jimenez","year":"2002"},{"key":"b30-0290005","series-title":"Can J Anaesth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03005352","article-title":"Craniosynostosis: an assessment of blood loss and transfusion practices","volume":"36","author":"Kearney","year":"1989"},{"key":"b31-0290005","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"49","article-title":"Pioneer craniectomy for relief of mental imbecility due to premature sutural closure and microcephalus","volume":"18","author":"Lane","year":"1892"},{"key":"b32-0290005","series-title":"Surgery of the Head and Neck","author":"Lane","year":"1896"},{"key":"b33-0290005","series-title":"Compt Rend Seances Acad Sci","first-page":"1382","article-title":"De la craniectomie dans la microc\u00e9phalie","volume":"50","author":"Lannelongue","year":"1890"},{"key":"b34-0290005","series-title":"The Growth of Bone: Observations on Osteogenesis","first-page":"142","author":"MacEwen","year":"1912"},{"key":"b35-0290005","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198001000-00006","article-title":"Effect of the dural application of Zenker's solution on the feline brain","volume":"6","author":"Marlin","year":"1980"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"b36-0290005","series-title":"Cleft Palate J","first-page":"9","article-title":"Cranial base changes following surgical treatment of craniosynostosis","volume":"23","author":"Marsh","year":"1986"},{"key":"b37-0290005","series-title":"Neurosurgery of Infancy and Childhood","first-page":"138","article-title":"Craniosynostosis","author":"Matson","year":"1969"},{"key":"b38-0290005","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1159\/000120772","article-title":"Occipital reduction-biparietal widening technique for correction of sagittal synostosis","volume":"20","author":"McComb","year":"1994"},{"key":"b39-0290005","series-title":"Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd","first-page":"204","article-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zu den Augenver\u00e4nderungen bei der Sch\u00e4deldeformit\u00e4t des sog: Turmsch\u00e4dels mit besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung des R\u00f6ntgenbildes","volume":"61","author":"Mehner","year":"1921"},{"key":"b40-0290005","series-title":"Am J Anat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000940302","article-title":"Growth of the calvaria in the rat; the determination of osseous morphology","volume":"94","author":"Moss","year":"1954"},{"key":"b41-0290005","series-title":"Acta Anat (Basel)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1159\/000141479","article-title":"The pathogenesis of premature cranial synostosis in man","volume":"37","author":"Moss","year":"1959"},{"key":"b42-0290005","series-title":"N Y State J Med","first-page":"270","article-title":"Premature closure of sutures of cranial vault; a plea for early recognition and early operation","volume":"47","author":"Mount","year":"1947"},{"key":"b43-0290005","series-title":"Lehrbuch der Pathologischen Anatomie des Menschen und der Thiere","author":"Otto","year":"1830"},{"key":"b44-0290005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198611000-00006","article-title":"Skull expansion in experimental craniosynostosis","volume":"78","author":"Persing","year":"1986"},{"key":"b45-0290005","series-title":"Ann Plast Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198610000-00002","article-title":"External cranial vault molding after craniofacial surgery","volume":"17","author":"Persing","year":"1986"},{"key":"b46-0290005","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1979.50.2.0187","article-title":"Craniofacial growth following experimental craniosynostosis and craniectomy in rabbits","volume":"50","author":"Persson","year":"1979"},{"key":"b47-0290005","series-title":"Br J Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-10-114-445","article-title":"Some notes on craniosynostosis","volume":"10","author":"Sear","year":"1937"},{"key":"b48-0290005","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.41.4.829","article-title":"Craniosynostosis: a review of 519 surgical patients","volume":"41","author":"Shillito","year":"1968"},{"key":"b49-0290005","series-title":"J Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(47)80142-8","article-title":"Premature closure of the cranial sutures","volume":"31","author":"Simmons","year":"1947"},{"key":"b50-0290005","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.1.e2","article-title":"Surgical treatment of craniosynostosis: outcome analysis of 250 consecutive patients","volume":"100","author":"Sloan","year":"1997"},{"key":"b51-0290005","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"153","article-title":"Management of scaphocephaly","volume":"7","author":"Stein","year":"1977"},{"key":"b52-0290005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197111000-00002","article-title":"The definitive plastic surgical treatment of the severe facial deformities of craniofacial dysostosis. Crouzon's and Apert's diseases","volume":"48","author":"Tessier","year":"1971"},{"key":"b53-0290005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197109000-00005","article-title":"Relationship of craniostenoses to craniofacial dysostoses, and to faciostenoses: a study with therapeutic implications","volume":"48","author":"Tessier","year":"1971"},{"key":"b54-0290005","series-title":"Dtsch Zahn Mund Kieferheilkd Zentralbl Gesamte","first-page":"302","article-title":"[Treatment of facial dysmorphias in craniofacial dysostosis, Crouzon's and Apert's diseases. Total osteotomy and sagittal displacement of the facial massive. Faciostenosis, sequelae of Lefort 3 fracture.]","volume":"57","author":"Tessier","year":"1971"},{"key":"b55-0290005","series-title":"The Practice of Neurosurgery","volume":"1","author":"Tindall","year":"1996"},{"key":"b56-0290005","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200501000-00012","article-title":"Blood loss and transfusion rates during repair of craniofacial deformities","volume":"16","author":"Tun\u00e7bilek","year":"2005"},{"key":"b57-0290005","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1976.44.3.0390","article-title":"Sagittal synostectomy. Technical note","volume":"44","author":"Venes","year":"1976"},{"key":"b58-0290005","series-title":"De Humani Corporis Fabrica","author":"Vesalius","year":"1543"},{"key":"b59-0290005","series-title":"Verh Phys Med Gesell Wurzburg","first-page":"230","article-title":"Uber den Cretinismus, namentlich in Franken, und uber pathologische Schadelformen","volume":"2","author":"Virchow","year":"1851"},{"key":"b60-0290005","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1984.61.3.0557","article-title":"Variants of sagittal synostosis: strategies for surgical correction","volume":"61","author":"Vollmer","year":"1984"},{"key":"b61-0290005","series-title":"Vom Baue des Menschlichen K\u00f6rpers","author":"von S\u00f6mmering","year":"1801"},{"key":"b62-0290005","series-title":"Vom Baue des Menschlichen K\u00f6rpers","author":"von S\u00f6mmering","year":"1839"},{"key":"b63-0290005","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"3673","article-title":"Craniosynostosis","volume":"Vol 3","author":"Winston","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/29\/6\/2010.9.focus10204.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/29\/6\/2010.9.focus10204.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/29\/6\/2010.9.focus10204.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T08:40:23Z","timestamp":1780130423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/29\/6\/2010.9.focus10204.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2010.9.focus10204","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}}}