{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:09:06Z","timestamp":1791374946683,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"\nObject<\/jats:title>\nSmall vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are often conservatively managed and treated only upon growth. Growth is usually reported in mm\/year, but describing the growth of a 3D structure by a single diameter has been questioned. As a result, VS growth dynamics should be further investigated. In addition, baseline clinical parameters that could predict growth would be helpful. In this prospective study the authors aimed to describe growth dynamics in a cohort of conservatively managed VSs. They also compared different growth models and evaluated the ability of baseline parameters to predict future growth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nMethods<\/jats:title>\nBetween 2000 and 2006, 178 consecutive patients with unilateral de novo small-sized VSs identified among the Norwegian population of 4.8 million persons were referred to a tertiary care center and were included in a study protocol of conservative management. Tumor size was defined by MR imaging\u2013based volume estimates and was recorded along with clinical data at regular visits. Mixed-effects models were used to analyze the relationships between observations. Three growth models were compared using statistical diagnostic tests: a mm\/year\u2013based model, a cm3<\/jats:sup>\/year\u2013based model, and a volume doubling time (VDT)-based model. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine a cutoff for the VDT-based model for distinguishing growing and nongrowing tumors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nResults<\/jats:title>\nA mean growth rate corresponding to a VDT of 4.40 years (95% CI 3.49\u20135.95) was found. Other growth models in this study revealed mean growth rates of 0.66 mm\/year (95% CI 0.47\u20130.86) and 0.19 cm3<\/jats:sup>\/year (95% CI 0.12\u20130.26). Volume doubling time was found to be the most realistic growth model. All baseline variables had p values > 0.09 for predicting growth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusions<\/jats:title>\nBased on the actual measurements, VDT was the most correct way to describe VS growth. The authors found that a cutoff of 5.22 years provided the best value to distinguish growing from nongrowing tumors. None of the investigated baseline predictors were usable as predictors of growth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.12.jns111662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,20]],"date-time":"2012-01-20T15:28:40Z","timestamp":1327073320000},"page":"706-712","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Growth of untreated vestibular schwannoma: a prospective study"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Jobin Kotakkathu","family":"Varughese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Surgical Sciences, University of Bergen;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathrine Nansdal","family":"Breivik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tore","family":"Wentzel-Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen;"},{"name":"Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway; and"},{"name":"Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten","family":"Lund-Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Surgical Sciences, University of Bergen;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns111662","series-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"641","article-title":"Predictors of future growth of sporadic vestibular schwannomas obtained by history and radiologic assessment of the tumor","volume":"266","author":"Artz","year":"2009"},{"key":"b2-jns111662","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"662","article-title":"Conservative management of 386 cases of unilateral vestibular schwannoma: tumor growth and consequences for treatment. 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