{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:18:07Z","timestamp":1790713087459,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Frozen-section analysis is the current standard for the intraoperative diagnosis of brain tumors. Intraoperative confocal microscopy is an emerging technology with the potential to visualize tumor histopathological features and cell morphology in real time. The authors report their findings using this new intraoperative technology in vivo with sodium fluorescein contrast during the course of 50 microsurgical tumor resections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Eighty-eight regions were visualized with confocal microscopy, and corresponding biopsy samples were examined with routine neuropathological analysis. The tumors studied included meningiomas, schwannomas, gliomas of various grades, and a hemangioblastoma. The confocal microscopic features of each tumor and of various artifacts inherent to the technology were documented. A pathologist working in a blinded fashion reviewed a subset of the images in a further evaluation of the usefulness of the device as a diagnostic tool.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Overall, intraoperative confocal imaging correlated surprisingly well with corresponding traditional histological findings, including the identification of many pathognomonic cytoarchitectural features of various brain tumors. In the blinded study, 26 (92.9%) of 28 lesions were diagnosed correctly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Further study will be necessary for better definition of the role of intraoperative confocal microscopy as a routine adjunct for intraoperative brain tumor diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.12.jns11696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,27]],"date-time":"2012-01-27T20:49:11Z","timestamp":1327697351000},"page":"854-860","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["In vivo intraoperative confocal microscopy for real-time histopathological imaging of brain tumors"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Eschbacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropathology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolay L.","family":"Martirosyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Nakaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nader","family":"Sanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark C.","family":"Preul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kris A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen W.","family":"Coons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropathology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Spetzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns11696","series-title":"Gastrointest Endosc","first-page":"668","article-title":"Confocal laser endomicroscopy in Barrett's esophagus and endoscopically inapparent Barrett's neoplasia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial","volume":"72","author":"Dunbar","year":"2010"},{"key":"b2-jns11696","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"417","article-title":"In vivo confocal laser scanning chromo-endomicroscopy of colorectal neoplasia: changing the technological paradigm","volume":"52","author":"Hurlstone","year":"2008"},{"key":"b3-jns11696","series-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol","first-page":"979","article-title":"In vivo histology of Barrett's esophagus and associated neoplasia by confocal laser endomicroscopy","volume":"4","author":"Kiesslich","year":"2006"},{"key":"b4-jns11696","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","first-page":"1391","article-title":"Classification of inflammation activity in ulcerative colitis by confocal laser endomicroscopy","volume":"105","author":"Li","year":"2010"},{"key":"b5-jns11696","series-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System (IARC WHO Classification of Tumours)","year":"2007"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"b6-jns11696","series-title":"Endoscopy","first-page":"E139","article-title":"Confocal laser endomicroscopy for the in vivo detection of intraepithelial neoplasia in Peutz-Jeghers polyps","volume":"42","author":"Neumann","year":"2010"},{"key":"b7-jns11696","series-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med","first-page":"1532","article-title":"Frozen section discrepancy in the evaluation of central nervous system tumors","volume":"131","author":"Plesec","year":"2007"},{"key":"b8-jns11696","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"464","article-title":"Challenges in neurosurgical intraoperative consultation","volume":"57","author":"Rao","year":"2009"},{"key":"b9-jns11696","series-title":"Acta Cytol","first-page":"667","article-title":"High diagnostic accuracy of cytologic smears of central nervous system tumors. A 15-year experience based on 4,172 patients","volume":"46","author":"Roessler","year":"2002"},{"key":"b10-jns11696","series-title":"Neurosurgery","article-title":"Intraoperative confocal microscopy for brain tumors: a feasibility analysis in humans","author":"Sanai","year":"2011"},{"key":"b11-jns11696","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"410","article-title":"Miniaturized handheld confocal microscopy for neurosurgery: results in an experimental glioblastoma model","volume":"66","author":"Sankar","year":"2010"},{"key":"b12-jns11696","series-title":"BJOG","first-page":"1663","article-title":"Detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in vivo using confocal endomicroscopy","volume":"116","author":"Tan","year":"2009"},{"key":"b13-jns11696","series-title":"BJU Int","first-page":"399","article-title":"Confocal laser endomicroscopy for the diagnosis of urothelial bladder neoplasia: a technology of the future?","volume":"107","author":"Wiesner","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/116\/4\/article-p854.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/116\/4\/article-p854.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/116\/4\/article-p854.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T01:24:01Z","timestamp":1679880241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/116\/4\/article-p854.xml"}},"subtitle":["Clinical article"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2011.12.jns11696","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}}}