{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T09:05:39Z","timestamp":1780131939839,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":204,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Although a majority of meningiomas are benign neoplasms, those occurring at the cranial base may be challenging tumors to treat because of extensive tissue invasion, an inability to achieve gross-total microscopic resection, and local tumor recurrence and\/or progression. A more comprehensive understanding of the genetic abnormalities associated with meningioma tumorigenesis, growth, and invasion may provide novel targets for grading assessments and individualizing molecular therapies for skull base meningiomas. The authors performed a review of the current literature to identify genes that have been associated with the formation and\/or progression of meningiomas. Mutations in the\n                    <jats:italic>NF2<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene have been most commonly implicated in the formation of the majority of meningiomas. Inactivation of other tumor suppressor genes, including\n                    <jats:italic>DAL-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and various tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases, upregulation of several oncogenes including\n                    <jats:italic>c-sis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>STAT3<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and signaling dysregulation of pathways such as the Wnt pathway, have each been found to play important, and perhaps, complementary roles in meningioma development, progression, and recurrence. Identification of these genetic factors using genome-wide association studies and high-throughput genomics may provide data for future individualized treatment strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.2.focus1117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,27]],"date-time":"2016-12-27T10:40:44Z","timestamp":1482835244000},"page":"E7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Molecular genetics of meningiomas: a systematic review of the current literature and potential basis for future treatment paradigms"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Martin H.","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Zada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina M.","family":"Mosich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven L.","family":"Giannotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventative Medicine, and"},{"name":"Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Mack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0300007","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1309\/ULMT-V1UC-D69H-MMQF","article-title":"Apoptotic activity and bcl-2 immunoreactivity in meningiomas. Association with grade and outcome","volume":"114","author":"Abramovich","year":"2000"},{"key":"b2-0300007","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010070108","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery of skull base meningiomas","volume":"142","author":"Aichholzer","year":"2000"},{"key":"b3-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198803000-00010","article-title":"Petrosal approach for petroclival meningiomas","volume":"22","author":"Al-Mefty","year":"1988"},{"key":"b4-0300007","series-title":"Brain Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2009.00340.x","article-title":"Hypermethylation and transcriptional downregulation of the TIMP3 gene is associated with allelic loss on 22q12.3 and malignancy in meningiomas","volume":"20","author":"Barski","year":"2010"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 1","key":"b5-0300007","series-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S135","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200036051-00043","article-title":"Endothelins are angiogenic","volume":"36","author":"Bek","year":"2000"},{"key":"b6-0300007","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00165649","article-title":"Epidemiology and etiology of intracranial meningiomas: a review","volume":"29","author":"Bondy","year":"1996"},{"key":"b7-0300007","series-title":"Am J Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61737-3","article-title":"Alterations of the tumor suppressor genes CDKN2A (p16(INK4a)), p14(ARF), CDKN2B (p15(INK4b)), and CDKN2C (p18(INK4c)) in atypical and anaplastic meningiomas","volume":"159","author":"Bostr\u00f6m","year":"2001"},{"key":"b8-0300007","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07385","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic characterization defines human glioblastoma genes and core pathways","volume":"455","author":"Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network","year":"2008"},{"key":"b9-0300007","series-title":"Cancer Lett","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(88)90210-8","article-title":"Human KRAS oncogene expression in meningioma","volume":"43","author":"Carstens","year":"1988"},{"key":"b10-0300007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.88.5.0870","article-title":"Selective intraarterial gene delivery into a canine meningioma","volume":"88","author":"Chauvet","year":"1998"},{"key":"b11-0300007","series-title":"Nat Rev Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2779","article-title":"Uncovering the roles of rare variants in common disease through whole-genome sequencing","volume":"11","author":"Cirulli","year":"2010"},{"key":"b12-0300007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.84.1.0020","article-title":"Petroclival meningiomas: surgical experience in 109 cases","volume":"84","author":"Couldwell","year":"1996"},{"key":"b13-0300007","series-title":"Cancer Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5070","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-0240","article-title":"Meningioma transcript profiles reveal deregulated Notch signaling pathway","volume":"65","author":"Cuevas","year":"2005"},{"issue":"4","key":"b14-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E6","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC-07\/10\/E6","article-title":"Postoperative Gamma Knife surgery for benign meningiomas of the cranial base","volume":"23","author":"Davidson","year":"2007"},{"key":"b15-0300007","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.03.003","article-title":"Delayed toxicity from gamma knife radiosurgery to lesions in and adjacent to the brainstem","volume":"16","author":"Davidson","year":"2009"},{"key":"b16-0300007","series-title":"Hum Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02281874","article-title":"Screening for mutations in the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene in sporadic meningiomas","volume":"97","author":"De Vitis","year":"1996"},{"key":"b17-0300007","series-title":"Hum Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02281875","article-title":"Analysis of the neurofibromatosis type 2 gene in different human tumors of neuroectodermal origin","volume":"97","author":"De Vitis","year":"1996"},{"key":"b18-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1065","article-title":"Correlation of proto-oncogene expression and proliferation and meningiomas","volume":"33","author":"Detta","year":"1993"},{"key":"b19-0300007","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.4.587","article-title":"Rare Ha-ras and cmos alleles in patients with intracranial tumors","volume":"38","author":"Diedrich","year":"1988"},{"key":"b20-0300007","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08989","article-title":"Genome remodelling in a basal-like breast cancer metastasis and xenograft","volume":"464","author":"Ding","year":"2010"},{"key":"b21-0300007","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09534","article-title":"A map of human genome variation from population-scale sequencing","volume":"467","author":"Durbin","year":"2010"},{"issue":"R2","key":"b22-0300007","series-title":"Hum Mol Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R109","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn287","article-title":"Genome-wide association studies in cancer","volume":"17","author":"Easton","year":"2008"},{"key":"b23-0300007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.94.1.0111","article-title":"Molecular alterations in the neurofibromatosis type 2 gene and its protein rarely occurring in meningothelial meningiomas","volume":"94","author":"Evans","year":"2001"},{"key":"b24-0300007","series-title":"J Surg Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1998.5534","article-title":"Inhibition of endothelial cell migration by gene transfer of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1","volume":"82","author":"Fernandez","year":"1999"},{"key":"b25-0300007","series-title":"Lancet Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70075-3","article-title":"Neurofibromatosis 1 and neurofibromatosis 2: a twenty first century perspective","volume":"6","author":"Ferner","year":"2007"},{"key":"b26-0300007","series-title":"Nat Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0603-669","article-title":"The biology of VEGF and its receptors","volume":"9","author":"Ferrara","year":"2003"},{"key":"b27-0300007","series-title":"Int J Oncol","first-page":"1395","article-title":"Microarray gene expression profiling in meningiomas: differential expression according to grade or histopathological subtype","volume":"35","author":"F\u00e8vre-Montange","year":"2009"},{"key":"b28-0300007","series-title":"Semin Cancer Biol","first-page":"89","article-title":"Inhibition of angiogenesis","volume":"3","author":"Folkman","year":"1992"},{"key":"b29-0300007","series-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1054\/ghir.2000.0183","article-title":"Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I: effects on the growth of glioma cell lines","volume":"11","author":"Friend","year":"2001"},{"key":"b30-0300007","series-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(01)00300-3","article-title":"ERM proteins and NF2 tumor suppressor: the Yin and Yang of cortical actin organization and cell growth signaling","volume":"14","author":"Gautreau","year":"2002"},{"key":"b31-0300007","series-title":"Clin Cancer Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4155","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-0891","article-title":"Genomic profiling reveals alternative genetic pathways of meningioma malignant progression dependent on the underlying NF2 status","volume":"16","author":"Goutagny","year":"2010"},{"key":"b32-0300007","series-title":"Hum Mol Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/9.10.1495","article-title":"Loss of DAL-1, a protein 4.1-related tumor suppressor, is an important early event in the pathogenesis of meningiomas","volume":"9","author":"Gutmann","year":"2000"},{"key":"b33-0300007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.59.3.0461","article-title":"Production of collagenase and inhibitor (TIMP) by intracranial tumors and dura in vitro","volume":"59","author":"Halaka","year":"1983"},{"key":"b34-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000325488.72518.9E","article-title":"Identification of the deleted in liver cancer 1 gene, DLC1, as a candidate meningioma tumor suppressor","volume":"63","author":"Hankins","year":"2008"},{"key":"b35-0300007","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02168","article-title":"The International Hap-Map Project","volume":"426","author":"International HapMap Consortium","year":"2003"},{"key":"b36-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000047814.18819.9F","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for the treatment of cavernous sinus meningiomas","volume":"52","author":"Iwai","year":"2003"},{"key":"b37-0300007","series-title":"Skull Base","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1003925","article-title":"Molecular biology of unreresectable meningiomas: implications for new treatments and review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Jagannathan","year":"2008"},{"key":"b38-0300007","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1023\/B:NEON.0000013461.35120.8a","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta effects on meningioma cell proliferation and signal transduction pathways","volume":"66","author":"Johnson","year":"2004"},{"key":"b39-0300007","series-title":"Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4217","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.21.4217","article-title":"Abnormal function of astroglia lacking Abr and Bcr RacGAPs","volume":"128","author":"Kaartinen","year":"2001"},{"key":"b40-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199702000-00007","article-title":"The treatment of recurrent unresectable and malignant meningiomas with interferon alpha-2B","volume":"40","author":"Kaba","year":"1997"},{"key":"b41-0300007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1990.72.5.0786","article-title":"Enhanced expression of the sis and c-myc oncogenes in human meningiomas","volume":"72","author":"Kazumoto","year":"1990"},{"key":"b42-0300007","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.68.4.820","article-title":"Mutation and cancer: statistical study of retinoblastoma","volume":"68","author":"Knudson","year":"1971"},{"key":"b43-0300007","series-title":"J Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/path.909","article-title":"NF2 status of meningiomas is associated with tumour localization and histology","volume":"194","author":"Kros","year":"2001"},{"key":"b44-0300007","series-title":"Mol Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2010.00005","article-title":"Gene expression profiling of the hedgehog signaling pathway in human meningiomas","volume":"16","author":"Laurendeau","year":"2010"},{"key":"b45-0300007","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09004","article-title":"The mutation spectrum revealed by paired genome sequences from a lung cancer patient","volume":"465","author":"Lee","year":"2010"},{"key":"b46-0300007","series-title":"Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Nervous System: World Health Organization Classification of Tumours","first-page":"176","article-title":"Meningiomas","author":"Louis","year":"2000"},{"key":"b47-0300007","series-title":"Cancer Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7121","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-0043","article-title":"Integrative genomic analysis identifies NDRG2 as a candidate tumor suppressor gene frequently inactivated in clinically aggressive meningioma","volume":"65","author":"Lusis","year":"2005"},{"key":"b48-0300007","series-title":"J Clin Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34772","article-title":"A HapMap harvest of insights into the genetics of common disease","volume":"118","author":"Manolio","year":"2008"},{"key":"b49-0300007","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0903840","article-title":"Recurring mutations found by sequencing an acute myeloid leukemia genome","volume":"361","author":"Mardis","year":"2009"},{"issue":"R2","key":"b50-0300007","series-title":"Hum Mol Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R163","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp396","article-title":"Cancer genome sequencing: a review","volume":"18","author":"Mardis","year":"2009"},{"key":"b51-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199607000-00002","article-title":"Recurrence of cranial base meningiomas","volume":"39","author":"Mathiesen","year":"1996"},{"key":"b52-0300007","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-010-0342-2","article-title":"Pathological classification and molecular genetics of meningiomas","volume":"99","author":"Mawrin","year":"2010"},{"key":"b53-0300007","series-title":"Int J Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910460106","article-title":"Human meningiomas co-express platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PDGF-receptor genes and their protein products","volume":"46","author":"Maxwell","year":"1990"},{"key":"b54-0300007","series-title":"Nat Rev Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2344","article-title":"Genome-wide association studies for complex traits: consensus, uncertainty and challenges","volume":"9","author":"McCarthy","year":"2008"},{"key":"b55-0300007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.94.3.0487","article-title":"Antitumor activity of the growth hormone receptor antagonist pegvisomant against human meningiomas in nude mice","volume":"94","author":"McCutcheon","year":"2001"},{"key":"b56-0300007","series-title":"J Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199708)182:4<380::AID-PATH871>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Microsatellite instability in sporadic mucinous colorectal carcinomas: relationship to clinico-pathological variables","volume":"182","author":"Messerini","year":"1997"},{"key":"b57-0300007","series-title":"Nat Rev Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2626","article-title":"Sequencing technologies\u2014the next generation","volume":"11","author":"Metzker","year":"2010"},{"key":"b58-0300007","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010050328","article-title":"Secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 by meningiomas detected by cell immunoblot analysis","volume":"141","author":"Mizoue","year":"1999"},{"key":"b59-0300007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.90.1.0042","article-title":"Risk of injury to cranial nerves after gamma knife radiosurgery for skull base meningiomas: experience in 88 patients","volume":"90","author":"Morita","year":"1999"},{"key":"b60-0300007","series-title":"Genomics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2008.07.001","article-title":"Applications of next-generation sequencing technologies in functional genomics","volume":"92","author":"Morozova","year":"2008"},{"key":"b61-0300007","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(87)90005-X","article-title":"Incidental meningiomas in autopsy study","volume":"27","author":"Nakasu","year":"1987"},{"key":"b62-0300007","series-title":"Brain Pathol","first-page":"296","article-title":"p73 is not mutated in meningiomas as determined with a functional yeast assay but p73 expression increases with tumor grade","volume":"11","author":"Nozaki","year":"2001"},{"key":"b63-0300007","series-title":"Cancer Genet Cytogenet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cancergencyto.2005.04.003","article-title":"Inactivation patterns of NF2 and DAL-1\/4.1B (EPB41L3) in sporadic meningioma","volume":"162","author":"Nunes","year":"2005"},{"key":"b64-0300007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","article-title":"Long-term surgical outcome and biological prognostic factors in patients with skull base meningiomas. Clinical article","author":"Ohba"},{"key":"b65-0300007","series-title":"Oncol Rep","first-page":"49","article-title":"The role of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase in microcystic meningiomas","volume":"16","author":"Paek","year":"2006"},{"key":"b66-0300007","series-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2010.08.003","article-title":"High-throughput sequencing and clinical microbiology: progress, opportunities and challenges","volume":"13","author":"Pallen","year":"2010"},{"key":"b67-0300007","series-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-009-0708-z","article-title":"Genetic and protein changes of E-cadherin in meningiomas","volume":"136","author":"Pe\u0107ina-Slaus","year":"2010"},{"key":"b68-0300007","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noq081","article-title":"Differential expression profiling analyses identifies downregulation of 1p, 6q, and 14q genes and overexpression of 6p histone cluster 1 genes as markers of recurrence in meningiomas","volume":"12","author":"P\u00e9rez-Mag\u00e1n","year":"2010"},{"key":"b69-0300007","series-title":"World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System","first-page":"164","article-title":"Meningiomas","author":"Louis","year":"2007"},{"key":"b70-0300007","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"2046","article-title":"\u201cMalignancy\u201d in meningiomas: a clinicopathologic study of 116 patients, with grading implications","volume":"85","author":"Perry","year":"1999"},{"key":"b71-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000068702.00330.47","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for pituitary adenoma: early results","volume":"53","author":"Petrovich","year":"2003"},{"key":"b72-0300007","series-title":"Hum Mol Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/3.8.1393","article-title":"Characterization of a new member of the human betaadaptin gene family from chromosome 22q12, a candidate meningioma gene","volume":"3","author":"Peyrard","year":"1994"},{"key":"b73-0300007","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08658","article-title":"A comprehensive catalogue of somatic mutations from a human cancer genome","volume":"463","author":"Pleasance","year":"2010"},{"key":"b74-0300007","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08629","article-title":"A small-cell lung cancer genome with complex signatures of tobacco exposure","volume":"463","author":"Pleasance","year":"2010"},{"key":"b75-0300007","series-title":"Genome Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.079509.108","article-title":"Population genetic inference from genomic sequence variation","volume":"20","author":"Pool","year":"2010"},{"issue":"5","key":"b76-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E9","article-title":"Molecular genetics of meningiomas","volume":"19","author":"Ragel","year":"2005"},{"key":"b77-0300007","series-title":"Prenat Diagn","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2575","article-title":"Molecular prenatal diagnosis: the impact of modern technologies","volume":"30","author":"Raymond","year":"2010"},{"key":"b78-0300007","series-title":"EMBO Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400536","article-title":"Bcr is a negative regulator of the Wnt signalling pathway","volume":"6","author":"Ress","year":"2005"},{"key":"b79-0300007","series-title":"Lancet Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70625-1","article-title":"Histological classification and molecular genetics of meningiomas","volume":"5","author":"Riemenschneider","year":"2006"},{"key":"b80-0300007","series-title":"Neoplasia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.neo.7900243","article-title":"The treatment of malignant meningioma with verotoxin","volume":"4","author":"Salhia","year":"2002"},{"key":"b81-0300007","series-title":"Genome Biol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2005-6-8-229","article-title":"Metagenomics for studying unculturable microorganisms: cutting the Gordian knot","volume":"6","author":"Schloss","year":"2005"},{"key":"b82-0300007","series-title":"Virchows Arch","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s004280050151","article-title":"E-Cadherin in human brain tumours: loss of immunoreactivity in malignant meningiomas","volume":"432","author":"Schwechheimer","year":"1998"},{"key":"b83-0300007","series-title":"J Med Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.24.9.529","article-title":"DNA linkage analysis in Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis","volume":"24","author":"Seizinger","year":"1987"},{"key":"b84-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000255421.78431.AE","article-title":"Molecular genetics of meningiomas: from basic research to potential clinical applications","volume":"60","author":"Simon","year":"2007"},{"key":"b85-0300007","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"89","article-title":"Tumor grade-related NDRG2 gene expression in primary and recurrent intracranial meningiomas","volume":"102","author":"Skiriute","year":"2010"},{"key":"b86-0300007","series-title":"Neoplasia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.08642","article-title":"The neurofibromatosis 2 tumor suppressor gene product, merlin, regulates human meningioma cell growth by signaling through YAP","volume":"10","author":"Striedinger","year":"2008"},{"key":"b87-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199803000-00001","article-title":"Management of petroclival meningiomas by stereotactic radiosurgery","volume":"42","author":"Subach","year":"1998"},{"key":"b88-0300007","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19891201)64:11<2243::AID-CNCR2820641110>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Establishment of a human malignant meningioma cell line with amplified c-myc oncogene","volume":"64","author":"Tanaka","year":"1989"},{"key":"b89-0300007","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200004203421604","article-title":"Treatment of acromegaly with the growth hormone-receptor antagonist pegvisomant","volume":"342","author":"Trainer","year":"2000"},{"key":"b90-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"55","article-title":"Natural history of petroclival meningiomas","volume":"52","author":"Van Havenbergh","year":"2003"},{"key":"b91-0300007","series-title":"Curr Opin Genet Dev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2010.03.012","article-title":"Genome-wide association studies in common cancers\u2014what have we learnt?","volume":"20","author":"Varghese","year":"2010"},{"key":"b92-0300007","series-title":"Genes Dev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1693608","article-title":"Hedgehog: functions and mechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Varjosalo","year":"2008"},{"key":"b93-0300007","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"827","article-title":"Analysis of the neurofibromatosis 2 gene reveals molecular variants of meningioma","volume":"146","author":"Wellenreuther","year":"1995"},{"key":"b94-0300007","series-title":"Brief Bioinform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbq018","article-title":"Next generation sequencing in functional genomics","volume":"11","author":"Werner","year":"2010"},{"key":"b95-0300007","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01611","article-title":"Wnt proteins are lipid-modified and can act as stem cell growth factors","volume":"423","author":"Willert","year":"2003"},{"key":"b96-0300007","series-title":"Cancer Genet Cytogenet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cancergencyto.2008.01.020","article-title":"BCR expression is decreased in meningiomas showing loss of heterozygosity of 22q within a new minimal deletion region","volume":"183","author":"Wozniak","year":"2008"},{"key":"b97-0300007","series-title":"Int J Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20733","article-title":"Microarray-based gene expression profiling of benign, atypical and anaplastic meningiomas identifies novel genes associated with meningioma progression","volume":"114","author":"Wrobel","year":"2005"},{"key":"b98-0300007","series-title":"Cancer Res","first-page":"2369","article-title":"Mutations of the PATCHED gene in several types of sporadic extracutaneous tumors","volume":"57","author":"Xie","year":"1997"},{"key":"b99-0300007","series-title":"2009\u20132010 CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in Eighteen States in 2002\u20132006","author":"Yee","year":"2009"},{"key":"b100-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000371974.88873.15","article-title":"Long-term outcomes and patterns of tumor progression after gamma knife radiosurgery for benign meningiomas","volume":"67","author":"Zada","year":"2010"},{"key":"b101-0300007","series-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-009-0743-9","article-title":"Constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 regulates expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human meningioma differentiation","volume":"136","author":"Zhang","year":"2010"},{"key":"b102-0300007","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11231","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011231","article-title":"The potential involvement of E-cadherin and beta-catenins in meningioma","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2010"},{"key":"b1-0300007","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1309\/ULMT-V1UC-D69H-MMQF","article-title":"Apoptotic activity and bcl-2 immunoreactivity in meningiomas. Association with grade and outcome","volume":"114","author":"Abramovich","year":"2000"},{"key":"b2-0300007","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010070108","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery of skull base meningiomas","volume":"142","author":"Aichholzer","year":"2000"},{"key":"b3-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198803000-00010","article-title":"Petrosal approach for petroclival meningiomas","volume":"22","author":"Al-Mefty","year":"1988"},{"key":"b4-0300007","series-title":"Brain Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2009.00340.x","article-title":"Hypermethylation and transcriptional downregulation of the TIMP3 gene is associated with allelic loss on 22q12.3 and malignancy in meningiomas","volume":"20","author":"Barski","year":"2010"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 1","key":"b5-0300007","series-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S135","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200036051-00043","article-title":"Endothelins are angiogenic","volume":"36","author":"Bek","year":"2000"},{"key":"b6-0300007","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00165649","article-title":"Epidemiology and etiology of intracranial meningiomas: a review","volume":"29","author":"Bondy","year":"1996"},{"key":"b7-0300007","series-title":"Am J Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61737-3","article-title":"Alterations of the tumor suppressor genes CDKN2A (p16(INK4a)), p14(ARF), CDKN2B (p15(INK4b)), and CDKN2C (p18(INK4c)) in atypical and anaplastic meningiomas","volume":"159","author":"Bostr\u00f6m","year":"2001"},{"key":"b8-0300007","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07385","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic characterization defines human glioblastoma genes and core pathways","volume":"455","author":"Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network","year":"2008"},{"key":"b9-0300007","series-title":"Cancer Lett","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(88)90210-8","article-title":"Human KRAS oncogene expression in meningioma","volume":"43","author":"Carstens","year":"1988"},{"key":"b10-0300007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.88.5.0870","article-title":"Selective intraarterial gene delivery into a canine meningioma","volume":"88","author":"Chauvet","year":"1998"},{"key":"b11-0300007","series-title":"Nat Rev Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2779","article-title":"Uncovering the roles of rare variants in common disease through whole-genome sequencing","volume":"11","author":"Cirulli","year":"2010"},{"key":"b12-0300007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.84.1.0020","article-title":"Petroclival meningiomas: surgical experience in 109 cases","volume":"84","author":"Couldwell","year":"1996"},{"key":"b13-0300007","series-title":"Cancer Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5070","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-0240","article-title":"Meningioma transcript profiles reveal deregulated Notch signaling pathway","volume":"65","author":"Cuevas","year":"2005"},{"issue":"4","key":"b14-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E6","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC-07\/10\/E6","article-title":"Postoperative Gamma Knife surgery for benign meningiomas of the cranial base","volume":"23","author":"Davidson","year":"2007"},{"key":"b15-0300007","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.03.003","article-title":"Delayed toxicity from gamma knife radiosurgery to lesions in and adjacent to the brainstem","volume":"16","author":"Davidson","year":"2009"},{"key":"b16-0300007","series-title":"Hum Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02281874","article-title":"Screening for mutations in the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene in sporadic meningiomas","volume":"97","author":"De Vitis","year":"1996"},{"key":"b17-0300007","series-title":"Hum Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02281875","article-title":"Analysis of the neurofibromatosis type 2 gene in different human tumors of neuroectodermal origin","volume":"97","author":"De Vitis","year":"1996"},{"key":"b18-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1065","article-title":"Correlation of proto-oncogene expression and proliferation and meningiomas","volume":"33","author":"Detta","year":"1993"},{"key":"b19-0300007","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.4.587","article-title":"Rare Ha-ras and cmos alleles in patients with intracranial tumors","volume":"38","author":"Diedrich","year":"1988"},{"key":"b20-0300007","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08989","article-title":"Genome remodelling in a basal-like breast cancer metastasis and xenograft","volume":"464","author":"Ding","year":"2010"},{"key":"b21-0300007","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09534","article-title":"A map of human genome variation from population-scale sequencing","volume":"467","author":"Durbin","year":"2010"},{"issue":"R2","key":"b22-0300007","series-title":"Hum Mol Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R109","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn287","article-title":"Genome-wide association studies in cancer","volume":"17","author":"Easton","year":"2008"},{"key":"b23-0300007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.94.1.0111","article-title":"Molecular alterations in the neurofibromatosis type 2 gene and its protein rarely occurring in meningothelial meningiomas","volume":"94","author":"Evans","year":"2001"},{"key":"b24-0300007","series-title":"J Surg Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1998.5534","article-title":"Inhibition of endothelial cell migration by gene transfer of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1","volume":"82","author":"Fernandez","year":"1999"},{"key":"b25-0300007","series-title":"Lancet Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70075-3","article-title":"Neurofibromatosis 1 and neurofibromatosis 2: a twenty first century perspective","volume":"6","author":"Ferner","year":"2007"},{"key":"b26-0300007","series-title":"Nat Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0603-669","article-title":"The biology of VEGF and its receptors","volume":"9","author":"Ferrara","year":"2003"},{"key":"b27-0300007","series-title":"Int J Oncol","first-page":"1395","article-title":"Microarray gene expression profiling in meningiomas: differential expression according to grade or histopathological subtype","volume":"35","author":"F\u00e8vre-Montange","year":"2009"},{"key":"b28-0300007","series-title":"Semin Cancer Biol","first-page":"89","article-title":"Inhibition of angiogenesis","volume":"3","author":"Folkman","year":"1992"},{"key":"b29-0300007","series-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1054\/ghir.2000.0183","article-title":"Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I: effects on the growth of glioma cell lines","volume":"11","author":"Friend","year":"2001"},{"key":"b30-0300007","series-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(01)00300-3","article-title":"ERM proteins and NF2 tumor suppressor: the Yin and Yang of cortical actin organization and cell growth signaling","volume":"14","author":"Gautreau","year":"2002"},{"key":"b31-0300007","series-title":"Clin Cancer Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4155","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-0891","article-title":"Genomic profiling reveals alternative genetic pathways of meningioma malignant progression dependent on the underlying NF2 status","volume":"16","author":"Goutagny","year":"2010"},{"key":"b32-0300007","series-title":"Hum Mol Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/9.10.1495","article-title":"Loss of DAL-1, a protein 4.1-related tumor suppressor, is an important early event in the pathogenesis of meningiomas","volume":"9","author":"Gutmann","year":"2000"},{"key":"b33-0300007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.59.3.0461","article-title":"Production of collagenase and inhibitor (TIMP) by intracranial tumors and dura in vitro","volume":"59","author":"Halaka","year":"1983"},{"key":"b34-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000325488.72518.9E","article-title":"Identification of the deleted in liver cancer 1 gene, DLC1, as a candidate meningioma tumor suppressor","volume":"63","author":"Hankins","year":"2008"},{"key":"b35-0300007","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02168","article-title":"The International Hap-Map Project","volume":"426","author":"International HapMap Consortium","year":"2003"},{"key":"b36-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000047814.18819.9F","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for the treatment of cavernous sinus meningiomas","volume":"52","author":"Iwai","year":"2003"},{"key":"b37-0300007","series-title":"Skull Base","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1003925","article-title":"Molecular biology of unreresectable meningiomas: implications for new treatments and review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Jagannathan","year":"2008"},{"key":"b38-0300007","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1023\/B:NEON.0000013461.35120.8a","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta effects on meningioma cell proliferation and signal transduction pathways","volume":"66","author":"Johnson","year":"2004"},{"key":"b39-0300007","series-title":"Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4217","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.21.4217","article-title":"Abnormal function of astroglia lacking Abr and Bcr RacGAPs","volume":"128","author":"Kaartinen","year":"2001"},{"key":"b40-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199702000-00007","article-title":"The treatment of recurrent unresectable and malignant meningiomas with interferon alpha-2B","volume":"40","author":"Kaba","year":"1997"},{"key":"b41-0300007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1990.72.5.0786","article-title":"Enhanced expression of the sis and c-myc oncogenes in human meningiomas","volume":"72","author":"Kazumoto","year":"1990"},{"key":"b42-0300007","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.68.4.820","article-title":"Mutation and cancer: statistical study of retinoblastoma","volume":"68","author":"Knudson","year":"1971"},{"key":"b43-0300007","series-title":"J Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/path.909","article-title":"NF2 status of meningiomas is associated with tumour localization and histology","volume":"194","author":"Kros","year":"2001"},{"key":"b44-0300007","series-title":"Mol Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2010.00005","article-title":"Gene expression profiling of the hedgehog signaling pathway in human meningiomas","volume":"16","author":"Laurendeau","year":"2010"},{"key":"b45-0300007","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09004","article-title":"The mutation spectrum revealed by paired genome sequences from a lung cancer patient","volume":"465","author":"Lee","year":"2010"},{"key":"b46-0300007","series-title":"Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Nervous System: World Health Organization Classification of Tumours","first-page":"176","article-title":"Meningiomas","author":"Louis","year":"2000"},{"key":"b47-0300007","series-title":"Cancer Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7121","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-0043","article-title":"Integrative genomic analysis identifies NDRG2 as a candidate tumor suppressor gene frequently inactivated in clinically aggressive meningioma","volume":"65","author":"Lusis","year":"2005"},{"key":"b48-0300007","series-title":"J Clin Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34772","article-title":"A HapMap harvest of insights into the genetics of common disease","volume":"118","author":"Manolio","year":"2008"},{"key":"b49-0300007","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0903840","article-title":"Recurring mutations found by sequencing an acute myeloid leukemia genome","volume":"361","author":"Mardis","year":"2009"},{"issue":"R2","key":"b50-0300007","series-title":"Hum Mol Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R163","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp396","article-title":"Cancer genome sequencing: a review","volume":"18","author":"Mardis","year":"2009"},{"key":"b51-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199607000-00002","article-title":"Recurrence of cranial base meningiomas","volume":"39","author":"Mathiesen","year":"1996"},{"key":"b52-0300007","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-010-0342-2","article-title":"Pathological classification and molecular genetics of meningiomas","volume":"99","author":"Mawrin","year":"2010"},{"key":"b53-0300007","series-title":"Int J Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910460106","article-title":"Human meningiomas co-express platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PDGF-receptor genes and their protein products","volume":"46","author":"Maxwell","year":"1990"},{"key":"b54-0300007","series-title":"Nat Rev Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2344","article-title":"Genome-wide association studies for complex traits: consensus, uncertainty and challenges","volume":"9","author":"McCarthy","year":"2008"},{"key":"b55-0300007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.94.3.0487","article-title":"Antitumor activity of the growth hormone receptor antagonist pegvisomant against human meningiomas in nude mice","volume":"94","author":"McCutcheon","year":"2001"},{"key":"b56-0300007","series-title":"J Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199708)182:4<380::AID-PATH871>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Microsatellite instability in sporadic mucinous colorectal carcinomas: relationship to clinico-pathological variables","volume":"182","author":"Messerini","year":"1997"},{"key":"b57-0300007","series-title":"Nat Rev Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2626","article-title":"Sequencing technologies\u2014the next generation","volume":"11","author":"Metzker","year":"2010"},{"key":"b58-0300007","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010050328","article-title":"Secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 by meningiomas detected by cell immunoblot analysis","volume":"141","author":"Mizoue","year":"1999"},{"key":"b59-0300007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.90.1.0042","article-title":"Risk of injury to cranial nerves after gamma knife radiosurgery for skull base meningiomas: experience in 88 patients","volume":"90","author":"Morita","year":"1999"},{"key":"b60-0300007","series-title":"Genomics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2008.07.001","article-title":"Applications of next-generation sequencing technologies in functional genomics","volume":"92","author":"Morozova","year":"2008"},{"key":"b61-0300007","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(87)90005-X","article-title":"Incidental meningiomas in autopsy study","volume":"27","author":"Nakasu","year":"1987"},{"key":"b62-0300007","series-title":"Brain Pathol","first-page":"296","article-title":"p73 is not mutated in meningiomas as determined with a functional yeast assay but p73 expression increases with tumor grade","volume":"11","author":"Nozaki","year":"2001"},{"key":"b63-0300007","series-title":"Cancer Genet Cytogenet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cancergencyto.2005.04.003","article-title":"Inactivation patterns of NF2 and DAL-1\/4.1B (EPB41L3) in sporadic meningioma","volume":"162","author":"Nunes","year":"2005"},{"key":"b64-0300007","series-title":"J Neurosurg","article-title":"Long-term surgical outcome and biological prognostic factors in patients with skull base meningiomas. Clinical article","author":"Ohba"},{"key":"b65-0300007","series-title":"Oncol Rep","first-page":"49","article-title":"The role of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase in microcystic meningiomas","volume":"16","author":"Paek","year":"2006"},{"key":"b66-0300007","series-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2010.08.003","article-title":"High-throughput sequencing and clinical microbiology: progress, opportunities and challenges","volume":"13","author":"Pallen","year":"2010"},{"key":"b67-0300007","series-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-009-0708-z","article-title":"Genetic and protein changes of E-cadherin in meningiomas","volume":"136","author":"Pe\u0107ina-Slaus","year":"2010"},{"key":"b68-0300007","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noq081","article-title":"Differential expression profiling analyses identifies downregulation of 1p, 6q, and 14q genes and overexpression of 6p histone cluster 1 genes as markers of recurrence in meningiomas","volume":"12","author":"P\u00e9rez-Mag\u00e1n","year":"2010"},{"key":"b69-0300007","series-title":"World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System","first-page":"164","article-title":"Meningiomas","author":"Louis","year":"2007"},{"key":"b70-0300007","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"2046","article-title":"\u201cMalignancy\u201d in meningiomas: a clinicopathologic study of 116 patients, with grading implications","volume":"85","author":"Perry","year":"1999"},{"key":"b71-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000068702.00330.47","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for pituitary adenoma: early results","volume":"53","author":"Petrovich","year":"2003"},{"key":"b72-0300007","series-title":"Hum Mol Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/3.8.1393","article-title":"Characterization of a new member of the human betaadaptin gene family from chromosome 22q12, a candidate meningioma gene","volume":"3","author":"Peyrard","year":"1994"},{"key":"b73-0300007","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08658","article-title":"A comprehensive catalogue of somatic mutations from a human cancer genome","volume":"463","author":"Pleasance","year":"2010"},{"key":"b74-0300007","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08629","article-title":"A small-cell lung cancer genome with complex signatures of tobacco exposure","volume":"463","author":"Pleasance","year":"2010"},{"key":"b75-0300007","series-title":"Genome Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.079509.108","article-title":"Population genetic inference from genomic sequence variation","volume":"20","author":"Pool","year":"2010"},{"issue":"5","key":"b76-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E9","article-title":"Molecular genetics of meningiomas","volume":"19","author":"Ragel","year":"2005"},{"key":"b77-0300007","series-title":"Prenat Diagn","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2575","article-title":"Molecular prenatal diagnosis: the impact of modern technologies","volume":"30","author":"Raymond","year":"2010"},{"key":"b78-0300007","series-title":"EMBO Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400536","article-title":"Bcr is a negative regulator of the Wnt signalling pathway","volume":"6","author":"Ress","year":"2005"},{"key":"b79-0300007","series-title":"Lancet Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70625-1","article-title":"Histological classification and molecular genetics of meningiomas","volume":"5","author":"Riemenschneider","year":"2006"},{"key":"b80-0300007","series-title":"Neoplasia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.neo.7900243","article-title":"The treatment of malignant meningioma with verotoxin","volume":"4","author":"Salhia","year":"2002"},{"key":"b81-0300007","series-title":"Genome Biol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2005-6-8-229","article-title":"Metagenomics for studying unculturable microorganisms: cutting the Gordian knot","volume":"6","author":"Schloss","year":"2005"},{"key":"b82-0300007","series-title":"Virchows Arch","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s004280050151","article-title":"E-Cadherin in human brain tumours: loss of immunoreactivity in malignant meningiomas","volume":"432","author":"Schwechheimer","year":"1998"},{"key":"b83-0300007","series-title":"J Med Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.24.9.529","article-title":"DNA linkage analysis in Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis","volume":"24","author":"Seizinger","year":"1987"},{"key":"b84-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000255421.78431.AE","article-title":"Molecular genetics of meningiomas: from basic research to potential clinical applications","volume":"60","author":"Simon","year":"2007"},{"key":"b85-0300007","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"89","article-title":"Tumor grade-related NDRG2 gene expression in primary and recurrent intracranial meningiomas","volume":"102","author":"Skiriute","year":"2010"},{"key":"b86-0300007","series-title":"Neoplasia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.08642","article-title":"The neurofibromatosis 2 tumor suppressor gene product, merlin, regulates human meningioma cell growth by signaling through YAP","volume":"10","author":"Striedinger","year":"2008"},{"key":"b87-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199803000-00001","article-title":"Management of petroclival meningiomas by stereotactic radiosurgery","volume":"42","author":"Subach","year":"1998"},{"key":"b88-0300007","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19891201)64:11<2243::AID-CNCR2820641110>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Establishment of a human malignant meningioma cell line with amplified c-myc oncogene","volume":"64","author":"Tanaka","year":"1989"},{"key":"b89-0300007","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200004203421604","article-title":"Treatment of acromegaly with the growth hormone-receptor antagonist pegvisomant","volume":"342","author":"Trainer","year":"2000"},{"key":"b90-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"55","article-title":"Natural history of petroclival meningiomas","volume":"52","author":"Van Havenbergh","year":"2003"},{"key":"b91-0300007","series-title":"Curr Opin Genet Dev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2010.03.012","article-title":"Genome-wide association studies in common cancers\u2014what have we learnt?","volume":"20","author":"Varghese","year":"2010"},{"key":"b92-0300007","series-title":"Genes Dev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1693608","article-title":"Hedgehog: functions and mechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Varjosalo","year":"2008"},{"key":"b93-0300007","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"827","article-title":"Analysis of the neurofibromatosis 2 gene reveals molecular variants of meningioma","volume":"146","author":"Wellenreuther","year":"1995"},{"key":"b94-0300007","series-title":"Brief Bioinform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbq018","article-title":"Next generation sequencing in functional genomics","volume":"11","author":"Werner","year":"2010"},{"key":"b95-0300007","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01611","article-title":"Wnt proteins are lipid-modified and can act as stem cell growth factors","volume":"423","author":"Willert","year":"2003"},{"key":"b96-0300007","series-title":"Cancer Genet Cytogenet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cancergencyto.2008.01.020","article-title":"BCR expression is decreased in meningiomas showing loss of heterozygosity of 22q within a new minimal deletion region","volume":"183","author":"Wozniak","year":"2008"},{"key":"b97-0300007","series-title":"Int J Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20733","article-title":"Microarray-based gene expression profiling of benign, atypical and anaplastic meningiomas identifies novel genes associated with meningioma progression","volume":"114","author":"Wrobel","year":"2005"},{"key":"b98-0300007","series-title":"Cancer Res","first-page":"2369","article-title":"Mutations of the PATCHED gene in several types of sporadic extracutaneous tumors","volume":"57","author":"Xie","year":"1997"},{"key":"b99-0300007","series-title":"2009\u20132010 CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in Eighteen States in 2002\u20132006","author":"Yee","year":"2009"},{"key":"b100-0300007","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000371974.88873.15","article-title":"Long-term outcomes and patterns of tumor progression after gamma knife radiosurgery for benign meningiomas","volume":"67","author":"Zada","year":"2010"},{"key":"b101-0300007","series-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-009-0743-9","article-title":"Constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 regulates expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human meningioma differentiation","volume":"136","author":"Zhang","year":"2010"},{"key":"b102-0300007","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11231","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011231","article-title":"The potential involvement of E-cadherin and beta-catenins in meningioma","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/30\/5\/2011.2.focus1117.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/30\/5\/2011.2.focus1117.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/30\/5\/2011.2.focus1117.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T08:47:16Z","timestamp":1780130836000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/30\/5\/2011.2.focus1117.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"references-count":204,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2011.2.focus1117","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}}}