{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:13:23Z","timestamp":1790417603864,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Moyamoya disease is an occlusive cerebrovascular disorder commonly resulting in neurocognitive impairment. The cognitive outcome parameters commonly affected are intelligence, memory, executive function, and quality of life. In this paper, the authors review the existing literature on cognitive and clinical outcomes in adult and pediatric moyamoya populations separately.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review of the cognitive and clinical outcome literature was performed using the PubMed\/MEDLINE database. Outcomes data were contrasted between adult and pediatric populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intelligence is the main cognitive outcome parameter affected in pediatric patients with moyamoya disease, whereas adults most commonly suffer from executive function impairment. Memory has not been studied sufficiently in pediatric patients, and its dysfunction in the adult population remains controversial. Quality of life has not been studied appropriately in either population. Surgical revascularization is the only beneficial treatment option, and a combination of direct and indirect bypass techniques has shown benefit, but the impact on the above-mentioned parameters has not been sufficiently elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Moyamoya disease affects the cognition and daily function in pediatric patients to a greater extent than in adult patients. Due to the rarity of the disease, there is a distinct lack of high-level evidence regarding cognitive and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.3.focus1150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T10:16:04Z","timestamp":1306923364000},"page":"E21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Moyamoya disease: functional and neurocognitive outcomes in the pediatric and adult populations"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"David G.","family":"Weinberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudy J.","family":"Rahme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salah G.","family":"Aoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Hunt","family":"Batjer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard R.","family":"Bendok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0300021","series-title":"Brain Dev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(97)00112-5","article-title":"Neuropsychological recovery from childhood moyamoya disease","volume":"20","author":"Bowen","year":"1998"},{"issue":"4","key":"b2-0300021","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E11","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.1.FOCUS08310","article-title":"Moyamoya disease: a summary","volume":"26","author":"Burke","year":"2009"},{"key":"b3-0300021","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.4.JNS091808","article-title":"Correlation between cognitive impairment and cerebral hemodynamic disturbances on perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in European adults with moyamoya disease. Clinical article","volume":"113","author":"Calviere","year":"2010"},{"key":"b4-0300021","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.7.1347","article-title":"Clinical features of moyamoya disease in the United States","volume":"29","author":"Chiu","year":"1998"},{"key":"b5-0300021","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2004.11.008","article-title":"Long term outcome in children with Moyamoya disease: experience with 16 patients","volume":"12","author":"Darwish","year":"2005"},{"key":"b6-0300021","series-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617704102191","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System: an update","volume":"10","author":"Delis","year":"2004"},{"key":"b7-0300021","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.2.251","article-title":"Cerebral hemodynamic impairment: methods of measurement and association with stroke risk","volume":"53","author":"Derdeyn","year":"1999"},{"key":"b8-0300021","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00300998","article-title":"Clinical and angiographic follow-up of childhoodonset moyamoya disease","volume":"11","author":"Ezura","year":"1995"},{"key":"b9-0300021","series-title":"J Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5424-8","article-title":"Neurocognitive dysfunction in adult moyamoya disease","volume":"257","author":"Festa","year":"2010"},{"key":"b10-0300021","series-title":"Semin Speech Lang","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-7558","article-title":"Clinical neurology and executive dysfunction","volume":"21","author":"Filley","year":"2000"},{"key":"b11-0300021","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(96)00358-8","article-title":"Current state of study on moyamoya disease in Japan","volume":"47","author":"Fukui","year":"1997"},{"key":"b12-0300021","series-title":"Assessment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/107319119900600204","article-title":"Norms for letter and category fluency: demographic corrections for age, education, and ethnicity","volume":"6","author":"Gladsjo","year":"1999"},{"key":"b13-0300021","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"50","article-title":"Direct and combined revascularization in pediatric moyamoya disease","volume":"45","author":"Golby","year":"1999"},{"key":"b14-0300021","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.4.JNS081649","article-title":"Clinical outcome after 450 revascularization procedures for moyamoya disease. Clinical article","volume":"111","author":"Guzman","year":"2009"},{"key":"b15-0300021","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000221787.70503.ca","article-title":"Clinical features and outcome in North American adults with moyamoya phenomenon","volume":"37","author":"Hallemeier","year":"2006"},{"key":"b16-0300021","series-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1017\/S001216220500174X","article-title":"Intellectual decline in children with moyamoya and sickle cell anaemia","volume":"47","author":"Hogan","year":"2005"},{"key":"b17-0300021","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.36.783","article-title":"Angiographic analysis of moyamoya disease\u2014how does moyamoya disease progress?","volume":"36","author":"Houkin","year":"1996"},{"key":"b18-0300021","series-title":"J Child Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380001500512","article-title":"Rational approach to treatment of moyamoya disease in childhood","volume":"15","author":"Ikezaki","year":"2000"},{"key":"b19-0300021","series-title":"Neuropediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-973508","article-title":"Serial intelligence test scores in pediatric moyamoya disease","volume":"30","author":"Imaizumi","year":"1999"},{"key":"b20-0300021","series-title":"Pediatr Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(97)00209-9","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of pediatric moyamoya disease monitored to adulthood","volume":"18","author":"Imaizumi","year":"1998"},{"key":"b21-0300021","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.15.5.873","article-title":"Intelligence in children with moyamoya disease: evaluation after surgical treatments with special reference to changes in cerebral blood flow","volume":"15","author":"Ishii","year":"1984"},{"key":"b22-0300021","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.6.1170","article-title":"Effects of surgical revascularization on outcome of patients with pediatric moyamoya disease","volume":"28","author":"Ishikawa","year":"1997"},{"key":"b23-0300021","series-title":"No Shinkei Geka","first-page":"399","article-title":"[Cerebral blood flow reactivity to hyperventilation in children with spontaneous occlusion of the circle of willis (moyamoya disease).]","volume":"20","author":"Isobe","year":"1992"},{"key":"b24-0300021","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"98","article-title":"Neuropsychological and perfusion MR imaging correlates of revascularization in a case of moyamoya syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Jefferson","year":"2006"},{"key":"b25-0300021","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.77.1.0084","article-title":"Long-term follow-up study after extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery for anterior circulation ischemia in childhood moyamoya disease","volume":"77","author":"Karasawa","year":"1992"},{"key":"b26-0300021","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000312712.55567.E6","article-title":"Effect of moyamoya disease on neuropsychological functioning in adults","volume":"62","author":"Karzmark","year":"2008"},{"key":"b27-0300021","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.3.0397","article-title":"Effect of direct arterial bypass on the prevention of future stroke in patients with the hemorrhagic variety of moyamoya disease","volume":"93","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2000"},{"key":"b28-0300021","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-003-0742-0","article-title":"Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis with bifrontal encephalogaleo(periosteal)synangiosis in the pediatric moyamoya disease: the surgical technique and its outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2003"},{"key":"b29-0300021","series-title":"Lancet Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70240-0","article-title":"Moyamoya disease: current concepts and future perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Kuroda","year":"2008"},{"key":"b30-0300021","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-004-0924-4","article-title":"Determinants of intellectual outcome after surgical revascularization in pediatric moyamoya disease: a multivariate analysis","volume":"20","author":"Kuroda","year":"2004"},{"key":"b31-0300021","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000369606.00861.91","article-title":"Novel bypass surgery for moyamoya disease using pericranial flap: its impacts on cerebral hemodynamics and long-term outcome","volume":"66","author":"Kuroda","year":"2010"},{"key":"b32-0300021","series-title":"Pediatr Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(85)90027-X","article-title":"Prognosis of occlusive disease of the circle of Willis (moyamoya disease) in children","volume":"1","author":"Kurokawa","year":"1985"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"b33-0300021","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(97)00076-0","article-title":"Surgical techniques and the results of a frontotemporo-parietal combined indirect bypass procedure for children with moyamoya disease: a comparison with the results of encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis alone","volume":"99","author":"Matsushima","year":"1997"},{"key":"b34-0300021","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.31.708","article-title":"Effects of encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis on childhood moyamoya patients\u2014swift disappearance of ischemic attacks and maintenance of mental capacity","volume":"31","author":"Matsushima","year":"1991"},{"key":"b35-0300021","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00302089","article-title":"Mental outcome following encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis in children with moyamoya disease with the onset earlier than 5 years of age","volume":"6","author":"Matsushima","year":"1990"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"b36-0300021","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(97)00055-3","article-title":"Long-term intelligence outcome of post-encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis childhood moyamoya patients","volume":"99","author":"Matsushima","year":"1997"},{"key":"b37-0300021","series-title":"Disabil Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280400007380","article-title":"Depression in adults with disabilities, in primary care","volume":"27","author":"McDermott","year":"2005"},{"issue":"5","key":"b38-0300021","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"e5","article-title":"Long-term outcome after STA-MCA anastomosis for moyamoya disease","volume":"5","author":"Miyamoto","year":"1998"},{"key":"b39-0300021","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010050313","article-title":"Efficacy of direct revascularization in adult Moyamoya disease: haemodynamic evaluation by positron emission tomography","volume":"141","author":"Morimoto","year":"1999"},{"key":"b40-0300021","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2008.09.022","article-title":"Efficacy of the revascularization surgery for adult-onset moyamoya disease with the progression of cerebrovascular lesions","volume":"111","author":"Narisawa","year":"2009"},{"key":"b41-0300021","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010050213","article-title":"Intellectual functions and regional cerebral haemodynamics after extensive omental transplantation spread over both frontal lobes in childhood moyamoya disease","volume":"140","author":"Ohtaki","year":"1998"},{"key":"b42-0300021","series-title":"Age Ageing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afm014","article-title":"Clinical determinants of long-term quality of life after stroke","volume":"36","author":"Patel","year":"2007"},{"key":"b43-0300021","series-title":"Anesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199711000-00018","article-title":"Risk factors for neurologic deterioration after revascularization surgery in patients with moyamoya disease","volume":"85","author":"Sakamoto","year":"1997"},{"key":"b44-0300021","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00308495","article-title":"Chronic low-perfusion state in children with moyamoya disease following revascularization","volume":"6","author":"Sato","year":"1990"},{"issue":"2 Suppl Pediatrics","key":"b45-0300021","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"142","article-title":"Long-term outcome in children with moyamoya syndrome after cranial revascularization by pial synangiosis","volume":"100","author":"Scott","year":"2004"},{"key":"b46-0300021","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000170709.95185.b1","article-title":"Prediction of the clinical outcome of pediatric moyamoya disease with postoperative basal\/acetazolamide stress brain perfusion SPECT after revascularization surgery","volume":"36","author":"So","year":"2005"},{"key":"b47-0300021","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.3.JNS08837","article-title":"Clinical features, surgical treatment, and long-term outcome in adult patients with moyamoya disease. Clinical article","volume":"111","author":"Starke","year":"2009"},{"key":"b48-0300021","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1969.00480090076012","article-title":"Cerebrovascular \u201cmoyamoya\u201d disease. Disease showing abnormal net-like vessels in base of brain","volume":"20","author":"Suzuki","year":"1969"},{"key":"b49-0300021","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000176066.33797.82","article-title":"Moyamoya disease in Washington State and California","volume":"65","author":"Uchino","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"b50-0300021","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E16","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC\/2008\/24\/2\/E16","article-title":"Moyamoya disease in pediatric patients: outcomes of neurosurgical interventions","volume":"24","author":"Veeravagu","year":"2008"},{"key":"b51-0300021","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200212000-00023","article-title":"Perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in adult moyamoya syndrome: characteristic patterns and change after surgical intervention: case report","volume":"51","author":"Wityk","year":"2002"},{"key":"b52-0300021","series-title":"No Shinkei Geka","first-page":"337","article-title":"[Clinical features and outcomes in patients with asymptomatic moyamoya disease\u2014from the results of nation-wide questionnaire survey.]","volume":"33","author":"Yamada","year":"2005"},{"key":"b53-0300021","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2511080654","article-title":"Childhood moyamoya disease: quantitative evaluation of perfusion MR imaging\u2014correlation with clinical outcome after revascularization surgery","volume":"251","author":"Yun","year":"2009"},{"key":"b54-0300021","series-title":"Neuropsychologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.03.013","article-title":"An fMRI study of the Trail Making Test","volume":"43","author":"Zakzanis","year":"2005"},{"issue":"4","key":"b55-0300021","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E6","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.01.FOCUS08305","article-title":"Cerebral hemodynamics as a predictor of stroke in adult patients with moyamoya disease: a prospective observational study","volume":"26","author":"Zipfel","year":"2009"},{"key":"b1-0300021","series-title":"Brain Dev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(97)00112-5","article-title":"Neuropsychological recovery from childhood moyamoya disease","volume":"20","author":"Bowen","year":"1998"},{"issue":"4","key":"b2-0300021","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E11","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.1.FOCUS08310","article-title":"Moyamoya disease: a summary","volume":"26","author":"Burke","year":"2009"},{"key":"b3-0300021","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.4.JNS091808","article-title":"Correlation between cognitive impairment and cerebral hemodynamic disturbances on perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in European adults with moyamoya disease. Clinical article","volume":"113","author":"Calviere","year":"2010"},{"key":"b4-0300021","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.7.1347","article-title":"Clinical features of moyamoya disease in the United States","volume":"29","author":"Chiu","year":"1998"},{"key":"b5-0300021","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2004.11.008","article-title":"Long term outcome in children with Moyamoya disease: experience with 16 patients","volume":"12","author":"Darwish","year":"2005"},{"key":"b6-0300021","series-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617704102191","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System: an update","volume":"10","author":"Delis","year":"2004"},{"key":"b7-0300021","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.2.251","article-title":"Cerebral hemodynamic impairment: methods of measurement and association with stroke risk","volume":"53","author":"Derdeyn","year":"1999"},{"key":"b8-0300021","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00300998","article-title":"Clinical and angiographic follow-up of childhoodonset moyamoya disease","volume":"11","author":"Ezura","year":"1995"},{"key":"b9-0300021","series-title":"J Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5424-8","article-title":"Neurocognitive dysfunction in adult moyamoya disease","volume":"257","author":"Festa","year":"2010"},{"key":"b10-0300021","series-title":"Semin Speech Lang","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-7558","article-title":"Clinical neurology and executive dysfunction","volume":"21","author":"Filley","year":"2000"},{"key":"b11-0300021","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(96)00358-8","article-title":"Current state of study on moyamoya disease in Japan","volume":"47","author":"Fukui","year":"1997"},{"key":"b12-0300021","series-title":"Assessment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/107319119900600204","article-title":"Norms for letter and category fluency: demographic corrections for age, education, and ethnicity","volume":"6","author":"Gladsjo","year":"1999"},{"key":"b13-0300021","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"50","article-title":"Direct and combined revascularization in pediatric moyamoya disease","volume":"45","author":"Golby","year":"1999"},{"key":"b14-0300021","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.4.JNS081649","article-title":"Clinical outcome after 450 revascularization procedures for moyamoya disease. Clinical article","volume":"111","author":"Guzman","year":"2009"},{"key":"b15-0300021","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000221787.70503.ca","article-title":"Clinical features and outcome in North American adults with moyamoya phenomenon","volume":"37","author":"Hallemeier","year":"2006"},{"key":"b16-0300021","series-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1017\/S001216220500174X","article-title":"Intellectual decline in children with moyamoya and sickle cell anaemia","volume":"47","author":"Hogan","year":"2005"},{"key":"b17-0300021","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.36.783","article-title":"Angiographic analysis of moyamoya disease\u2014how does moyamoya disease progress?","volume":"36","author":"Houkin","year":"1996"},{"key":"b18-0300021","series-title":"J Child Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380001500512","article-title":"Rational approach to treatment of moyamoya disease in childhood","volume":"15","author":"Ikezaki","year":"2000"},{"key":"b19-0300021","series-title":"Neuropediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-973508","article-title":"Serial intelligence test scores in pediatric moyamoya disease","volume":"30","author":"Imaizumi","year":"1999"},{"key":"b20-0300021","series-title":"Pediatr Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(97)00209-9","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of pediatric moyamoya disease monitored to adulthood","volume":"18","author":"Imaizumi","year":"1998"},{"key":"b21-0300021","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.15.5.873","article-title":"Intelligence in children with moyamoya disease: evaluation after surgical treatments with special reference to changes in cerebral blood flow","volume":"15","author":"Ishii","year":"1984"},{"key":"b22-0300021","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.6.1170","article-title":"Effects of surgical revascularization on outcome of patients with pediatric moyamoya disease","volume":"28","author":"Ishikawa","year":"1997"},{"key":"b23-0300021","series-title":"No Shinkei Geka","first-page":"399","article-title":"[Cerebral blood flow reactivity to hyperventilation in children with spontaneous occlusion of the circle of willis (moyamoya disease).]","volume":"20","author":"Isobe","year":"1992"},{"key":"b24-0300021","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"98","article-title":"Neuropsychological and perfusion MR imaging correlates of revascularization in a case of moyamoya syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Jefferson","year":"2006"},{"key":"b25-0300021","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.77.1.0084","article-title":"Long-term follow-up study after extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery for anterior circulation ischemia in childhood moyamoya disease","volume":"77","author":"Karasawa","year":"1992"},{"key":"b26-0300021","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000312712.55567.E6","article-title":"Effect of moyamoya disease on neuropsychological functioning in adults","volume":"62","author":"Karzmark","year":"2008"},{"key":"b27-0300021","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.3.0397","article-title":"Effect of direct arterial bypass on the prevention of future stroke in patients with the hemorrhagic variety of moyamoya disease","volume":"93","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2000"},{"key":"b28-0300021","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-003-0742-0","article-title":"Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis with bifrontal encephalogaleo(periosteal)synangiosis in the pediatric moyamoya disease: the surgical technique and its outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2003"},{"key":"b29-0300021","series-title":"Lancet Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70240-0","article-title":"Moyamoya disease: current concepts and future perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Kuroda","year":"2008"},{"key":"b30-0300021","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-004-0924-4","article-title":"Determinants of intellectual outcome after surgical revascularization in pediatric moyamoya disease: a multivariate analysis","volume":"20","author":"Kuroda","year":"2004"},{"key":"b31-0300021","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000369606.00861.91","article-title":"Novel bypass surgery for moyamoya disease using pericranial flap: its impacts on cerebral hemodynamics and long-term outcome","volume":"66","author":"Kuroda","year":"2010"},{"key":"b32-0300021","series-title":"Pediatr Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(85)90027-X","article-title":"Prognosis of occlusive disease of the circle of Willis (moyamoya disease) in children","volume":"1","author":"Kurokawa","year":"1985"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"b33-0300021","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(97)00076-0","article-title":"Surgical techniques and the results of a frontotemporo-parietal combined indirect bypass procedure for children with moyamoya disease: a comparison with the results of encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis alone","volume":"99","author":"Matsushima","year":"1997"},{"key":"b34-0300021","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.31.708","article-title":"Effects of encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis on childhood moyamoya patients\u2014swift disappearance of ischemic attacks and maintenance of mental capacity","volume":"31","author":"Matsushima","year":"1991"},{"key":"b35-0300021","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00302089","article-title":"Mental outcome following encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis in children with moyamoya disease with the onset earlier than 5 years of age","volume":"6","author":"Matsushima","year":"1990"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"b36-0300021","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(97)00055-3","article-title":"Long-term intelligence outcome of post-encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis childhood moyamoya patients","volume":"99","author":"Matsushima","year":"1997"},{"key":"b37-0300021","series-title":"Disabil Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280400007380","article-title":"Depression in adults with disabilities, in primary care","volume":"27","author":"McDermott","year":"2005"},{"issue":"5","key":"b38-0300021","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"e5","article-title":"Long-term outcome after STA-MCA anastomosis for moyamoya disease","volume":"5","author":"Miyamoto","year":"1998"},{"key":"b39-0300021","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010050313","article-title":"Efficacy of direct revascularization in adult Moyamoya disease: haemodynamic evaluation by positron emission tomography","volume":"141","author":"Morimoto","year":"1999"},{"key":"b40-0300021","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2008.09.022","article-title":"Efficacy of the revascularization surgery for adult-onset moyamoya disease with the progression of cerebrovascular lesions","volume":"111","author":"Narisawa","year":"2009"},{"key":"b41-0300021","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010050213","article-title":"Intellectual functions and regional cerebral haemodynamics after extensive omental transplantation spread over both frontal lobes in childhood moyamoya disease","volume":"140","author":"Ohtaki","year":"1998"},{"key":"b42-0300021","series-title":"Age Ageing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afm014","article-title":"Clinical determinants of long-term quality of life after stroke","volume":"36","author":"Patel","year":"2007"},{"key":"b43-0300021","series-title":"Anesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199711000-00018","article-title":"Risk factors for neurologic deterioration after revascularization surgery in patients with moyamoya disease","volume":"85","author":"Sakamoto","year":"1997"},{"key":"b44-0300021","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00308495","article-title":"Chronic low-perfusion state in children with moyamoya disease following revascularization","volume":"6","author":"Sato","year":"1990"},{"issue":"2 Suppl Pediatrics","key":"b45-0300021","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"142","article-title":"Long-term outcome in children with moyamoya syndrome after cranial revascularization by pial synangiosis","volume":"100","author":"Scott","year":"2004"},{"key":"b46-0300021","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000170709.95185.b1","article-title":"Prediction of the clinical outcome of pediatric moyamoya disease with postoperative basal\/acetazolamide stress brain perfusion SPECT after revascularization surgery","volume":"36","author":"So","year":"2005"},{"key":"b47-0300021","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.3.JNS08837","article-title":"Clinical features, surgical treatment, and long-term outcome in adult patients with moyamoya disease. Clinical article","volume":"111","author":"Starke","year":"2009"},{"key":"b48-0300021","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1969.00480090076012","article-title":"Cerebrovascular \u201cmoyamoya\u201d disease. Disease showing abnormal net-like vessels in base of brain","volume":"20","author":"Suzuki","year":"1969"},{"key":"b49-0300021","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000176066.33797.82","article-title":"Moyamoya disease in Washington State and California","volume":"65","author":"Uchino","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"b50-0300021","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E16","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC\/2008\/24\/2\/E16","article-title":"Moyamoya disease in pediatric patients: outcomes of neurosurgical interventions","volume":"24","author":"Veeravagu","year":"2008"},{"key":"b51-0300021","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200212000-00023","article-title":"Perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in adult moyamoya syndrome: characteristic patterns and change after surgical intervention: case report","volume":"51","author":"Wityk","year":"2002"},{"key":"b52-0300021","series-title":"No Shinkei Geka","first-page":"337","article-title":"[Clinical features and outcomes in patients with asymptomatic moyamoya disease\u2014from the results of nation-wide questionnaire survey.]","volume":"33","author":"Yamada","year":"2005"},{"key":"b53-0300021","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2511080654","article-title":"Childhood moyamoya disease: quantitative evaluation of perfusion MR imaging\u2014correlation with clinical outcome after revascularization surgery","volume":"251","author":"Yun","year":"2009"},{"key":"b54-0300021","series-title":"Neuropsychologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.03.013","article-title":"An fMRI study of the Trail Making Test","volume":"43","author":"Zakzanis","year":"2005"},{"issue":"4","key":"b55-0300021","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E6","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.01.FOCUS08305","article-title":"Cerebral hemodynamics as a predictor of stroke in adult patients with moyamoya disease: a prospective observational study","volume":"26","author":"Zipfel","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/30\/6\/2011.3.focus1150.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/30\/6\/2011.3.focus1150.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/30\/6\/2011.3.focus1150.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T08:48:29Z","timestamp":1780130909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/30\/6\/2011.3.focus1150.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2011.3.focus1150","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}}}