{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:23:10Z","timestamp":1782271390044,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The authors describe the unique presentation of <jats:italic>Balamuthia mandrillaris<\/jats:italic> encephalitis in a kidney donor and two recipients. All three patients suffered acute clinical deterioration, with radiological or clinical evidence of intracranial hypertension. Brain autopsy in the donor and an urgent brain biopsy in a recipient established the diagnosis. Firsttier therapy, with mannitol and CSF drainage, successfully treated the intracranial hypertension in both recipients, while administration of a combination of antiamebic drugs was associated with survival in the second recipient. For both recipients, neurosurgical management played a critical role in the rapid diagnosis and treatment of <jats:italic>Balamuthia mandrillaris<\/jats:italic> encephalitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.4.jns102057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,27]],"date-time":"2011-05-27T14:16:59Z","timestamp":1306505819000},"page":"636-640","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Neurosurgical intervention in the diagnosis and treatment of Balamuthia mandrillaris encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Ludwig","family":"Orozco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Hanigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Fratkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns102057","series-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med","first-page":"21","article-title":"Amebic meningoencephalitis in a patient with AIDS caused by a newly recognized opportunistic pathogen. 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Case report","volume":"111","author":"Kansagra","year":"2009"},{"key":"b13-jns102057","series-title":"Arch Neurol","first-page":"1210","article-title":"A case of Balamuthia mandrillaris meningoencephalitis","volume":"57","author":"Katz","year":"2000"},{"key":"b14-jns102057","series-title":"BMC Microbiol","first-page":"210","article-title":"Detection of Balamuthia mandrillaris DNA by real-time PCR targeting the RNase P gene","volume":"8","author":"Kiderlen","year":"2008"},{"key":"b15-jns102057","series-title":"Pathol Res Pract","first-page":"423","article-title":"Amebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris in a Czech child: description of the first case from Europe","volume":"194","author":"Kodet","year":"1998"},{"key":"b16-jns102057","series-title":"University of California: In Memoriam, 1985","article-title":"William Balamuth, Zoology: Berkley"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"b17-jns102057","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"926","article-title":"Leptomyxid amebic meningoencephalitis mimicking brain stem glioma","volume":"16","author":"Lowichik","year":"1995"},{"key":"b18-jns102057","series-title":"J Med Microbiol","first-page":"205","article-title":"Balamuthia mandrillaris infection","volume":"50","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2001"},{"key":"b19-jns102057","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"e7","article-title":"Successful treatment of Balamuthia mandrillaris amoebic infection with extensive neurological and cutaneous involvement","volume":"51","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2010"},{"key":"b20-jns102057","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"435","article-title":"Increasing importance of Balamuthia mandrillaris","volume":"21","author":"Matin","year":"2008"},{"key":"b21-jns102057","series-title":"Rev Chilena Infectol","first-page":"197","article-title":"[Amebic granulomatosis encephalitis due to Balamuthia mandrillaris: fatal disease increasingly recognized in Latin America.]","volume":"23","author":"Seas","year":"2006"},{"key":"b22-jns102057","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"77","article-title":"Leptomyxid amoeba encephalitis: report of the first case in Argentina","volume":"85","author":"Taratuto","year":"1991"},{"key":"b23-jns102057","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2750","article-title":"Leptomyxid ameba, a new agent of amebic meningoencephalitis in humans and animals","volume":"28","author":"Visvesvara","year":"1990"},{"key":"b24-jns102057","series-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amoebae: Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri, and Sappinia diploidea","volume":"50","author":"Visvesvara","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/115\/3\/article-p636.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/115\/3\/article-p636.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/115\/3\/article-p636.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T02:24:45Z","timestamp":1679883885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/115\/3\/article-p636.xml"}},"subtitle":["Report of 3 cases"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2011.4.jns102057","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}}}