{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:13:00Z","timestamp":1788873180133,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"\n Object<\/jats:title>\n The primary goals of treatment in the infant with craniosynostosis are to correct the deformity and allow for adequate brain growth in as safe and effective a manner as possible. Herein, the authors present the results of treating craniosynostosis using an endoscope-assisted strip craniectomy and postoperative helmet therapy (EASC + PHT) in the hopes of providing further evidence of its role in the treatment of multiple different forms of craniosynostosis. This is a retrospective review of the patients treated with this technique at Children's Hospital Boston.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n The electronic medical records of all children with craniosynostosis treated using this technique were reviewed retrospectively. A priori, data were collected for deformity type, patient age at surgery, number of transfusions, operative time, length of hospital stay, and anthropometric measurements.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n One hundred seventy-three patients (61 females and 112 males) were treated at our institution between July 2004 and March 2011 with EASC + PHT. The mean operative time was 46.30 minutes. Eight (4.6%) of the 173 patients received blood transfusions. The average length of hospital stay was 1.35 days, with the majority of patients being discharged the day after surgery. All complications and any patient who required additional craniofacial reconstructions are discussed. In addition, a subgroup analysis was done for patients who had undergone surgery and had longer than 1 year of follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The authors' growing database of patients supports the experiences described by others that early treatment of craniosynostosis with an EASC + PHT is a safe and efficacious technique. In addition, cost reduction due to decreased hospital stay and limitation of blood transfusions are demonstrable benefits associated with the use of this technique.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.6.focus1198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T10:57:58Z","timestamp":1312196278000},"page":"E5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Endoscope-assisted strip craniectomy and postoperative helmet therapy for treatment of craniosynostosis"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Berry-Candelario","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily B.","family":"Ridgway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald T.","family":"Grondin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary F.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Proctor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0310005","series-title":"J Cranio Surg","article-title":"The cost of treating sagittal synostosis in the first year of life: endoscopically-assisted suturectomy and postoperative helmet therapy vs open cranial vault remodeling","author":"Abbot"},{"key":"b2-0310005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199912000-00003","article-title":"Endoscopic craniectomy for early correction of craniosynostosis","volume":"104","author":"Barone","year":"1999"},{"key":"b3-0310005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000200613.06035.51","article-title":"Long-term osseous morphologic outcome of surgically treated unilateral coronal craniosynostosis","volume":"117","author":"Becker","year":"2006"},{"key":"b4-0310005","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.70.2.0159","article-title":"Cranial vault growth in craniosynostosis","volume":"70","author":"Delashaw","year":"1989"},{"key":"b5-0310005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000200774.31311.09","article-title":"Sagittal craniosynostosis: surgical outcomes and long-term growth","volume":"117","author":"Fearon","year":"2006"},{"key":"b6-0310005","series-title":"Teratology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420140209","article-title":"Craniosynostosis. I. Sagittal synostosis: its genetics and associated clinical findings in 214 patients who lacked involvement of the coronal suture(s)","volume":"14","author":"Hunter","year":"1976"},{"key":"b7-0310005","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"518","article-title":"Clinical studies in craniosynostosis analysis of 50 cases and description of a method of surgical treatment","volume":"24","author":"Ingraham","year":"1948"},{"key":"b8-0310005","series-title":"Med Rec","first-page":"609","article-title":"Non nocere","volume":"45","author":"Jacobi","year":"1894"},{"key":"b9-0310005","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-007-0467-6","article-title":"Early treatment of anterior calvarial craniosynostosis using endoscopic-assisted minimally invasive techniques","volume":"23","author":"Jimenez","year":"2007"},{"key":"b10-0310005","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.1.97","article-title":"Early management of craniosynostosis using endoscopic-assisted strip craniectomies and cranial orthotic molding therapy","volume":"110","author":"Jimenez","year":"2002"},{"key":"b11-0310005","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181897390","article-title":"Sagittal synostotic twins: reverse pi procedure for scaphocephaly correction gives superior result compared to endoscopic repair followed by helmet therapy","volume":"19","author":"Kohan","year":"2008"},{"key":"b12-0310005","series-title":"J AAPOS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2008.10.011","article-title":"Treatment of unilateral coronal synostosis by endoscopic strip craniectomy or fronto-orbital advancement: ophthalmologic findings","volume":"13","author":"MacKinnon","year":"2009"},{"key":"b13-0310005","series-title":"Acta Anat (Basel)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1159\/000141479","article-title":"The pathogenesis of premature cranial synostosis in man","volume":"37","author":"Moss","year":"1959"},{"issue":"6","key":"b14-0310005","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E6","article-title":"Endoscopic-assisted repair of craniosynostosis","volume":"19","author":"Murad","year":"2005"},{"key":"b15-0310005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000297639.48289.9e","article-title":"Facial asymmetry in unilateral coronal synostosis: long-term results after fronto-orbital advancement","volume":"121","author":"Oh","year":"2008"},{"key":"b16-0310005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199110000-00001","article-title":"Craniofacial suture stenosis: morphologic effects","volume":"88","author":"Persing","year":"1991"},{"key":"b17-0310005","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1597\/05-148","article-title":"Zygomaticotemporal synostosis: a rare cause of progressive facial asymmetry","volume":"44","author":"Rogers","year":"2007"},{"key":"b18-0310005","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.41.4.829","article-title":"Craniosynostosis: a review of 519 surgical patients","volume":"41","author":"Shillito","year":"1968"},{"key":"b19-0310005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181a0aa46","article-title":"Zygomaticotemporal suture synostosis causes progressive facial deformity and asymmetry","volume":"123","author":"Sullivan","year":"2009"},{"key":"b20-0310005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197111000-00002","article-title":"The definitive plastic surgical treatment of the severe facial deformities of craniofacial dysostosis. Crouzon's and Apert's diseases","volume":"48","author":"Tessier","year":"1971"},{"key":"b21-0310005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197109000-00005","article-title":"Relationship of craniostenoses to craniofacial dysostoses, and to faciostenoses: a study with therapeutic implications","volume":"48","author":"Tessier","year":"1971"},{"key":"b22-0310005","series-title":"Verh Phys Med Gesell Wurzburg","first-page":"230","article-title":"Uber den Cretinismus, namentlich in Franken, und uber pathologische Schadelformen","volume":"2","author":"Virchow","year":"1851"},{"key":"b1-0310005","series-title":"J Cranio Surg","article-title":"The cost of treating sagittal synostosis in the first year of life: endoscopically-assisted suturectomy and postoperative helmet therapy vs open cranial vault remodeling","author":"Abbot"},{"key":"b2-0310005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199912000-00003","article-title":"Endoscopic craniectomy for early correction of craniosynostosis","volume":"104","author":"Barone","year":"1999"},{"key":"b3-0310005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000200613.06035.51","article-title":"Long-term osseous morphologic outcome of surgically treated unilateral coronal craniosynostosis","volume":"117","author":"Becker","year":"2006"},{"key":"b4-0310005","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.70.2.0159","article-title":"Cranial vault growth in craniosynostosis","volume":"70","author":"Delashaw","year":"1989"},{"key":"b5-0310005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000200774.31311.09","article-title":"Sagittal craniosynostosis: surgical outcomes and long-term growth","volume":"117","author":"Fearon","year":"2006"},{"key":"b6-0310005","series-title":"Teratology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420140209","article-title":"Craniosynostosis. I. Sagittal synostosis: its genetics and associated clinical findings in 214 patients who lacked involvement of the coronal suture(s)","volume":"14","author":"Hunter","year":"1976"},{"key":"b7-0310005","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"518","article-title":"Clinical studies in craniosynostosis analysis of 50 cases and description of a method of surgical treatment","volume":"24","author":"Ingraham","year":"1948"},{"key":"b8-0310005","series-title":"Med Rec","first-page":"609","article-title":"Non nocere","volume":"45","author":"Jacobi","year":"1894"},{"key":"b9-0310005","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-007-0467-6","article-title":"Early treatment of anterior calvarial craniosynostosis using endoscopic-assisted minimally invasive techniques","volume":"23","author":"Jimenez","year":"2007"},{"key":"b10-0310005","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.1.97","article-title":"Early management of craniosynostosis using endoscopic-assisted strip craniectomies and cranial orthotic molding therapy","volume":"110","author":"Jimenez","year":"2002"},{"key":"b11-0310005","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181897390","article-title":"Sagittal synostotic twins: reverse pi procedure for scaphocephaly correction gives superior result compared to endoscopic repair followed by helmet therapy","volume":"19","author":"Kohan","year":"2008"},{"key":"b12-0310005","series-title":"J AAPOS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2008.10.011","article-title":"Treatment of unilateral coronal synostosis by endoscopic strip craniectomy or fronto-orbital advancement: ophthalmologic findings","volume":"13","author":"MacKinnon","year":"2009"},{"key":"b13-0310005","series-title":"Acta Anat (Basel)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1159\/000141479","article-title":"The pathogenesis of premature cranial synostosis in man","volume":"37","author":"Moss","year":"1959"},{"issue":"6","key":"b14-0310005","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E6","article-title":"Endoscopic-assisted repair of craniosynostosis","volume":"19","author":"Murad","year":"2005"},{"key":"b15-0310005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000297639.48289.9e","article-title":"Facial asymmetry in unilateral coronal synostosis: long-term results after fronto-orbital advancement","volume":"121","author":"Oh","year":"2008"},{"key":"b16-0310005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199110000-00001","article-title":"Craniofacial suture stenosis: morphologic effects","volume":"88","author":"Persing","year":"1991"},{"key":"b17-0310005","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1597\/05-148","article-title":"Zygomaticotemporal synostosis: a rare cause of progressive facial asymmetry","volume":"44","author":"Rogers","year":"2007"},{"key":"b18-0310005","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.41.4.829","article-title":"Craniosynostosis: a review of 519 surgical patients","volume":"41","author":"Shillito","year":"1968"},{"key":"b19-0310005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181a0aa46","article-title":"Zygomaticotemporal suture synostosis causes progressive facial deformity and asymmetry","volume":"123","author":"Sullivan","year":"2009"},{"key":"b20-0310005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197111000-00002","article-title":"The definitive plastic surgical treatment of the severe facial deformities of craniofacial dysostosis. Crouzon's and Apert's diseases","volume":"48","author":"Tessier","year":"1971"},{"key":"b21-0310005","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197109000-00005","article-title":"Relationship of craniostenoses to craniofacial dysostoses, and to faciostenoses: a study with therapeutic implications","volume":"48","author":"Tessier","year":"1971"},{"key":"b22-0310005","series-title":"Verh Phys Med Gesell Wurzburg","first-page":"230","article-title":"Uber den Cretinismus, namentlich in Franken, und uber pathologische Schadelformen","volume":"2","author":"Virchow","year":"1851"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/31\/2\/2011.6.focus1198.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/31\/2\/2011.6.focus1198.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/31\/2\/2011.6.focus1198.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T08:13:59Z","timestamp":1780733639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/31\/2\/2011.6.focus1198.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2011.6.focus1198","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}}}