{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T14:11:29Z","timestamp":1771855889518,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Motor but not sensory function has been described after spinal cord surgery in patients with brachial plexus avulsion injury. In the featured case, motor-related nerve roots as well as sensory spinal nerves distal to the dorsal root ganglion were reconnected to neurons in the ventral and dorsal horns of the spinal cord by implanting nerve grafts. Peripheral and sensory functions were assessed 10 years after an accident and subsequent spinal cord surgery. The biceps stretch reflex could be elicited, and electrophysiological testing demonstrated a Hoffman reflex, or Hreflex, in the biceps muscle when the musculocutaneous nerve was stimulated. Functional MR imaging demonstrated sensory motor cortex activities on active as well as passive elbow flexion. Quantitative sensory testing and contact heat evoked potential stimulation did not detect any cutaneous sensory function, however. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this case represents the first time that spinal cord surgery could restore not only motor function but also proprioception completing a spinal reflex arch.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.7.jns111106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,12]],"date-time":"2011-08-12T12:58:18Z","timestamp":1313153898000},"page":"414-417","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Return of spinal reflex after spinal cord surgery for brachial plexus avulsion injury"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Carlstedt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery, Sodersjukhuset, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden;"},{"name":"The Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V. Peter","family":"Misra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peripheral Neuropathy Unit, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Papadaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiological Sciences Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"McRobbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiological Sciences Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peripheral Neuropathy Unit, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns111106","series-title":"BMC Neurol","first-page":"21","article-title":"Use of the novel Contact Heat Evoked Potential Stimulator (CHEPS) for the assessment of small fibre neuropathy: correlations with skin flare responses and intraepidermal nerve fibre counts","volume":"7","author":"Atherton","year":"2007"},{"key":"b2-jns111106","series-title":"Central Nerve Plexus Injury","first-page":"139","author":"Carlstedt","year":"2007"},{"key":"b3-jns111106","series-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci","first-page":"205","article-title":"Extension of dorsal horn neurons into the severed and implanted dorsal root","volume":"3","author":"Carlstedt","year":"1991"},{"issue":"5","key":"b4-jns111106","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E7","article-title":"Restoration of hand function and the \u201cbreathing arm\u201d from spinal cord repair of C5\u2013T1 brachial plexus avulsion injury. Case report","volume":"16","author":"Carlstedt","year":"2004"},{"key":"b5-jns111106","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1323","article-title":"Return of function after spinal cord implantation of avulsed spinal nerve roots","volume":"346","author":"Carlstedt","year":"1995"},{"key":"b6-jns111106","series-title":"Nat Rev Neurol","first-page":"571","article-title":"Cortical activity and hand function restoration in a patient after spinal cord surgery","volume":"5","author":"Carlstedt","year":"2009"},{"key":"b7-jns111106","series-title":"Neuroscience","first-page":"725","article-title":"Motoneurons reinnervate skeletal muscle after ventral root implantation into the spinal cord of the cat","volume":"29","author":"Cullheim","year":"1989"},{"key":"b8-jns111106","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"811","article-title":"Axon regeneration of spinal motoneurons following a lesion at the cord-ventral root interface","volume":"37","author":"Cullheim","year":"1999"},{"key":"b9-jns111106","series-title":"Brain Res","first-page":"329","article-title":"\u2018Dendraxons\u2019 in regenerating motoneurons in the cat: do dendrites generate new axons after central axotomy?","volume":"358","author":"Lind\u00e5","year":"1985"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/116\/2\/article-p414.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/116\/2\/article-p414.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/116\/2\/article-p414.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:37:21Z","timestamp":1679877441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/116\/2\/article-p414.xml"}},"subtitle":["Case report"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2011.7.jns111106","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}}}