{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T02:46:33Z","timestamp":1777085193486,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"\n Object<\/jats:title>\n \n Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced vasospasm is a significant underlying cause of aneurysm rupture-related morbidity and death. While long-term intravenous infusion of sodium nitrite (NaNO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ) can prevent cerebral vasospasm after SAH, it is not known if the intravenous administration of this compound can reverse established SAH-induced vasospasm. To determine if the intravenous infusion of NaNO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n can reverse established vasospasm, the authors infused primates with the compound after SAH-induced vasospasm was established.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Subarachnoid hemorrhage\u2013induced vasospasm was created in 14 cynomolgus macaques via subarachnoid implantation of a 5-ml blood clot. On Day 7 after clot implantation, animals were randomized to either control (saline infusion, 5 monkeys) or treatment groups (intravenous NaNO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n infusion at 300 \u03bcg\/kg\/hr for 3 hours [7 monkeys] or 8 hours [2 monkeys]). Arteriographic vessel diameter was blindly analyzed to determine the degree of vasospasm before, during, and after treatment. Nitric oxide metabolites (nitrite, nitrate, and S-nitrosothiols) were measured in whole blood and CSF.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Moderate-to-severe vasospasm was present in all animals before treatment (control, 36.2% \u00b1 8.8% [mean \u00b1 SD]; treatment, 45.5% \u00b1 12.5%; p = 0.9). While saline infusion did not reduce vasospasm, NaNO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n infusion significantly reduced the degree of vasospasm (26.9% \u00b1 7.6%; p = 0.008). Reversal of the vasospasm lasted more than 2 hours after cessation of the infusion and could be maintained with a prolonged infusion. Nitrite (peak value, 3.7 \u00b1 2.1 \u03bcmol\/L), nitrate (18.2 \u00b1 5.3 \u03bcmol\/L), and S-nitrosothiols (33.4 \u00b1 11.4 nmol\/L) increased significantly in whole blood, and nitrite increased significantly in CSF.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n These findings indicate that the intravenous infusion of NaNO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n can reverse SAH-induced vasospasm in primates. Further, these findings indicate that a similar treatment paradigm could be useful in reversing cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal SAH.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.7.jns11390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,2]],"date-time":"2011-09-02T10:21:34Z","timestamp":1314958894000},"page":"1213-1220","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Reversal of cerebral vasospasm via intravenous sodium nitrite after subarachnoid hemorrhage in primates"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Ali Reza","family":"Fathi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryszard M.","family":"Pluta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamran D.","family":"Bakhtian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russell R.","family":"Lonser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns11390","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"37","article-title":"Evaluation of cerebrovascular spasm with transcranial Doppler ultrasound","volume":"60","author":"Aaslid","year":"1984"},{"key":"b2-jns11390","series-title":"Nat Med","first-page":"1498","article-title":"Nitrite reduction to nitric oxide by deoxyhemoglobin vasodilates the human circulation","volume":"9","author":"Cosby","year":"2003"},{"key":"b3-jns11390","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1319","article-title":"Intracranial pressure monitoring during intraarterial papaverine infusion for cerebral vasospasm","volume":"19","author":"Cross","year":"1998"},{"key":"b4-jns11390","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"919","article-title":"Angiographic vasospasm is strongly correlated with cerebral infarction after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"42","author":"Crowley","year":"2011"},{"key":"b5-jns11390","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"1821","article-title":"Nitrite infusion in humans and nonhuman primates: endocrine effects, pharmacokinetics, and tolerance formation","volume":"116","author":"Dejam","year":"2007"},{"key":"b6-jns11390","series-title":"J Biol Chem","first-page":"12393","article-title":"Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of human deoxyhemoglobin by nitrites","volume":"256","author":"Doyle","year":"1981"},{"key":"b7-jns11390","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1167","article-title":"A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial of nimodipine after SAH in monkeys. 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