{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T15:24:38Z","timestamp":1794324278986,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"\n Object<\/jats:title>\n McLone and Knepper's unified theory of Chiari malformation Type II (CM-II) describes how the loss of CSF via the open posterior neuropore fails to create adequate distending pressure for the developing rhomboencephalic vesicle. The authors of the present article describe the relationship between the posterior fossa volume and intracranial cerebellar volume as being related to the distance from the obex of the fourth ventricle to the myelomeningocele lesion using a common mathematical model, the Hagen-Poiseuille law.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n All newborns who required closure of a myelomeningocele at the authors' institution between 2008 and 2011 and who were between 4 weeks premature and 2 months, corrected gestational age, at the time of MRI were included in this study. Volumes and measurements were obtained from axial and sagittal T2-weighted MR images of the brain and spine.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n A total of 56 newborn infants met the inclusion criteria. There was a direct linear relationship between both posterior fossa volume and cerebellar volume and the spinal level of the myelomeningocele lesion (p = 0.0012 and p = 0.0041, respectively). There was a negative linear relationship between the cerebellar descent, the spinal level of the lesion, and posterior fossa volume and cerebellar volume. These relationships strengthen in patients with no syringomyelia and are not significant in those groups with syringomyelia. The results of a 1-way ANOVA for the 3 groups did not reach significance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Using a linear equation derived from the Hagen-Poiseuille law that describes pressure in the fourth ventricle as being directly related to the length of the central canal from the obex to the myelomeningocele lesion, the authors were able to explain the directly observed linear relation between posterior fossa volume, intracranial cerebellar volume, and cerebellar descent to the level of the spinal lesion. As this model assumes a uniform radius of the central canal they were able to validate this model when they observed a strengthening in relationships in the no syringomyelia group and statistically insignificant correlations in the groups with syringomyelia. They therefore propose that the spinal level of the lesion is one of the major determinants of posterior fossa volume, intracranial cerebellar volume, and cerebellar ectopia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.10.peds12177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,16]],"date-time":"2012-11-16T10:03:43Z","timestamp":1353060223000},"page":"154-159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Spinal level of myelomeningocele lesion as a contributing factor in posterior fossa volume, intracranial cerebellar volume, and cerebellar ectopia"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kieron J.","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Caird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Taufiq","family":"Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Allcutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darach","family":"Crimmins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-peds12177","series-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22524","article-title":"Quantifying synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis using computer-assisted manual segmentation with 3 Tesla MRI scanning","volume":"33","author":"Chand","year":"2011"},{"key":"b2-peds12177","series-title":"J Anat Physiol","first-page":"257","article-title":"Contribution to the study of spina bifida, encephalocele, and anencephalus","volume":"17","author":"Cleland","year":"1883"},{"key":"b3-peds12177","series-title":"J Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2643","article-title":"Genetics and development of neural tube defects","volume":"220","author":"Copp","year":"2010"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"b4-peds12177","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"268","article-title":"Spinal lesion level in spina bifida: a source of neural and cognitive heterogeneity","volume":"102","author":"Fletcher","year":"2005"},{"key":"b5-peds12177","series-title":"Cerebellum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-010-0157-x","article-title":"The cerebellum in children with spina bifida and Chiari II malformation: quantitative volumetrics by region","volume":"9","author":"Juranek","year":"2010"},{"key":"b6-peds12177","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.75.5.0823","article-title":"Chiari's description of cerebellar ectopy (1891). With a summary of Cleland's and Arnold's contributions and some early observations on neural-tube defects","volume":"75","author":"Koehler","year":"1991"},{"key":"b7-peds12177","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1942.02290020011001","article-title":"Distant neuroanatomic complications of spina bifida (spinal dysraphism), hydrocephalus, Arnold-Chiari deformity, stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius, etc.; pathogenesis and pathology","volume":"47","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"1942"},{"key":"b8-peds12177","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-003-0792-3","article-title":"The Chiari II malformation: cause and impact","volume":"19","author":"McLone","year":"2003"},{"key":"b9-peds12177","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000120432","article-title":"The cause of Chiari II malformation: a unified theory","volume":"15","author":"McLone","year":"1989"},{"key":"b10-peds12177","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-010-1294-8","article-title":"Impact of tethered cord release on symptoms of Chiari II malformation in children born with a myelomeningocele","volume":"27","author":"Mehta","year":"2011"},{"key":"b11-peds12177","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1938.02270080112007","article-title":"Arnold-Chiari malformation and its operative treatment","volume":"40","author":"Penfield","year":"1938"},{"key":"b12-peds12177","series-title":"Annu Rev Fluid Mech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fl.25.010193.000245","article-title":"The history of Poiseuille's law","volume":"25","author":"Sutera","year":"1993"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/11\/2\/article-p154.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/11\/2\/article-p154.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/11\/2\/article-p154.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T10:18:43Z","timestamp":1681553923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/11\/2\/article-p154.xml"}},"subtitle":["Clinical article"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2012.10.peds12177","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-0707","1933-0715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-0707","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}}}