{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T04:40:54Z","timestamp":1782448854562,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A cerebral dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is an acquired abnormal arterial-to-venous connection within the leaves of the intracranial dura with a wide range of clinical presentations and natural history. The Cognard classification correlates venous drainage patterns with neurological course, identifying 5 DAVF types with increasing rates of symptomatic presentation. A spinal DAVF occurs when a radicular artery makes a direct anomalous shunt with a radicular vein within the dural leaflets of the nerve root sleeve. A cervical DAVF is a rare entity, as most spinal DAVFs present as thoracolumbar lesions with myelopathy. In this paper the authors present 2 patients presenting initially with brainstem dysfunction rather than myelopathy secondary to craniocervical DAVF. The literature is then reviewed for similar rare aggressive DAVFs at the craniocervical junction presenting with brainstem symptomatology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.2.focus1217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]],"date-time":"2012-04-26T15:08:28Z","timestamp":1335452908000},"page":"E10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Dural arteriovenous fistulas presenting with brainstem dysfunction: diagnosis and surgical treatment"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Charles","family":"Kulwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley N.","family":"Bohnstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Cohen-Gadol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0320010","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1990.72.6.0839","article-title":"Intracranial dural arteriovenous malformations: factors predisposing to an aggressive neurological course","volume":"72","author":"Awad","year":"1990"},{"key":"b2-0320010","series-title":"Mayo Clin Proc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.4065\/80.2.269","article-title":"Natural history, evaluation, and management of intracranial vascular malformations","volume":"80","author":"Brown","year":"2005"},{"key":"b3-0320010","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.194.3.7862961","article-title":"Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical and angiographic correlation with a revised classification of venous drainage","volume":"194","author":"Cognard","year":"1995"},{"key":"b4-0320010","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.85.5.0830","article-title":"The validity of classification for the clinical presentation of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas","volume":"85","author":"Davies","year":"1996"},{"key":"b5-0320010","series-title":"Dural Arteriovenous Malformations","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dural arteriovenous malformations: definition, classification and diagnostic imaging","author":"Dion","year":"1993"},{"key":"b6-0320010","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-007-1250-x","article-title":"Dural arteriovenous fistula presenting as brainstem ischaemia","volume":"149","author":"Lagares","year":"2007"},{"key":"b7-0320010","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.64.5.0724","article-title":"Neurological manifestations of intracranial dural arteriovenous malformations","volume":"64","author":"Lasjaunias","year":"1986"},{"key":"b8-0320010","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.44.24","article-title":"Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula with venous reflux to the brainstem and spinal cord mimicking brainstem infarction\u2014case report","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2004"},{"key":"b9-0320010","series-title":"No Shinkei Geka","first-page":"1095","article-title":"[A case of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula presenting with brainstem infarction.]","volume":"33","author":"Oishi","year":"2005"},{"key":"b10-0320010","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050846","article-title":"Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae with perimedullary venous drainage. 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