{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T15:23:59Z","timestamp":1794324239177,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"\n Object<\/jats:title>\n Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pump catheter placement is traditionally performed through entry into the spinal sac at the lumbar spine. A minority of children with cerebral palsy have severe concomitant neuromuscular scoliosis. In these children, whether surgically treated or not, access to the intradural space via the lumbar spine may prove technically challenging. The authors report on a series of children in whom, for various reasons, an ITB catheter was implanted using a posterior cervical spine approach.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n The records of 20 children in whom a baclofen catheter had been placed were retrospectively reviewed to assess the demographic details, indications, and outcome of this procedure.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n This approach was successful in all but one of the children in whom the procedure was abandoned given the presence of significant extradural scar tissue. Of the 20 children, 7 had previously undergone lumbar ITB catheter implantation, although the catheter was subsequently, iatrogenically transected during scoliosis surgery. Nine children had had corrective scoliosis surgery, and the fusion mass obviated access to the lumbar spinal sac. Four children had untreated scoliosis and corrective surgery was being contemplated. Complications included infection requiring explantation (2 patients), catheter migration (1 patient), intolerance to ITB (1 patient), and failure of implantation (1 patient). All patients who tolerated the ITB experienced improvement in spasticity. No complications were associated with the spinal level of catheter insertion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Implantation of an ITB catheter via a cervical approach is safe and feasible and should be considered in children with severe corrected or uncorrected scoliosis, and thus avoiding the lumbar spinal sac.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.3.peds11474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,15]],"date-time":"2012-06-15T11:44:02Z","timestamp":1339760642000},"page":"34-38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cervical implantation of intrathecal baclofen pump catheter in children with severe scoliosis"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ismail","family":"Ughratdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Queen's Medical Centre; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samiul","family":"Muquit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Queen's Medical Centre; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harshal","family":"Ingale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Queen's Medical Centre; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Moussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Queen's Medical Centre; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Ammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Vloeberghs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Queen's Medical Centre; and"},{"name":"University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-peds11474","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510200081036","article-title":"Continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion for spasticity of cerebral origin","volume":"270","author":"Albright","year":"1993"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"b2-peds11474","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"233","article-title":"Best-practice surgical techniques for intrathecal baclofen therapy","volume":"104","author":"Albright","year":"2006"},{"key":"b3-peds11474","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-004-1129-6","article-title":"Placement of baclofen pumps through the foramen magnum and upper cervical spine","volume":"22","author":"Dziurzynski","year":"2006"},{"key":"b4-peds11474","series-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med","first-page":"563","article-title":"Severe scoliosis in neurodevelopmental disabilities: clinical signs and therapeutic proposals","volume":"46","author":"Ferrari","year":"2010"},{"key":"b5-peds11474","series-title":"J Child Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380001500201","article-title":"Intrathecal baclofen for management of spastic cerebral palsy: multicenter trial","volume":"15","author":"Gilmartin","year":"2000"},{"key":"b6-peds11474","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815a5219","article-title":"Progression of scoliosis in patients with spastic quadriplegia after the insertion of an intrathecal baclofen pump","volume":"32","author":"Ginsburg","year":"2007"},{"key":"b7-peds11474","series-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2008.04.013","article-title":"Efficacy of intrathecal baclofen therapy in children with intractable spastic cerebral palsy: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Hoving","year":"2009"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 4","key":"b8-peds11474","series-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03461.x","article-title":"Scoliosis in cerebral palsy","volume":"51","author":"Koop","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"b9-peds11474","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"119","article-title":"Posterior cervical approach for intrathecal baclofen pump insertion in children with previous spinal fusions. Technical note","volume":"102","author":"Liu","year":"2005"},{"key":"b10-peds11474","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181557252","article-title":"The risk of progression of scoliosis in cerebral palsy patients after intrathecal baclofen therapy","volume":"32","author":"Senaran","year":"2007"},{"key":"b11-peds11474","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318183d591","article-title":"The impact of intrathecal baclofen on the natural history of scoliosis in cerebral palsy","volume":"28","author":"Shilt","year":"2008"},{"key":"b12-peds11474","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-010-1124-z","article-title":"Intrathecal baclofen therapy for spasticity of cerebral origin\u2014does the position of the intrathecal catheter matter?","volume":"26","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2010"},{"key":"b13-peds11474","series-title":"Pediatr Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/13638490400011165","article-title":"Intrathecal baclofen in the management of spasticity due to cerebral palsy","volume":"8","author":"Vloeberghs","year":"2005"},{"key":"b14-peds11474","series-title":"J Paediatr Child Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2009.01601.x","article-title":"Continuous intrathecal baclofen for children with spasticity and\/or dystonia: goal attainment and complications associated with treatment","volume":"45","author":"Ward","year":"2009"},{"key":"b15-peds11474","series-title":"Scoliosis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-3-9","article-title":"Rate of complications in scoliosis surgery\u2014 a systematic review of the Pub Med literature","volume":"3","author":"Weiss","year":"2008"},{"key":"b16-peds11474","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690701392899","article-title":"The role of intrathecal baclofen in the management of primary and secondary dystonia in children","volume":"21","author":"Woon","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/10\/1\/article-p34.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/10\/1\/article-p34.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/10\/1\/article-p34.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T10:36:12Z","timestamp":1681554972000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/10\/1\/article-p34.xml"}},"subtitle":["Clinical article"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2012.3.peds11474","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-0707","1933-0715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-0707","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]}}}