{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T15:24:42Z","timestamp":1794324282218,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Methods for repairing middle fossa CSF (MFCSF) leaks have varied and yielded mixed results. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and durability of the authors' repair technique using a novel combination of 3 synthetic materials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors performed a retrospective case review of patients treated for CSF leaks between January 2009 and September 2011. Eight patients were found to have undergone middle fossa craniotomies for CSF leaks. Inclusion criteria for the study included age greater than 18 years, neuroimaging-documented temporal bone defect, and symptoms consistent with CSF leaks or gross CSF otorrhea. Seven patients, 3 men and 4 women, met the inclusion criteria, and their charts were reviewed. Hydroxyapatite cement, collagen-based dural substitute matrix, and polyethylene glycol hydrogel sealant were used in all patients for the repair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In all patients the MFCSF leaks were successfully repaired. Initial presenting symptoms included CSF otorrhea in 4 patients (57.1%), hearing loss in 3 (42.9%), and CSF rhinorrhea in 1 (14.3%). The mean follow-up duration was 12 months (range 5\u201333 months). In 1 patient an epidural hematoma developed at the operative site on postoperative Day 2, and in another patient a superficial wound dehiscence occurred on postoperative Day 48. During the follow-up period, the authors found no evidence of wound infections, neurovascular damage, or CSF leakage requiring reoperation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The middle fossa approach involving a combination of hydroxyapatite cement, collagen-based dural substitute matrix, and polyethylene glycol hydrogel sealant is a safe, effective method for repairing MFCSF leaks. The combination of synthetic materials provides an alternative to existing materials for skull base surgeons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.4.focus1258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T10:01:04Z","timestamp":1338544864000},"page":"E8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Repair of middle fossa cerebrospinal fluid leaks using a novel combination of materials: technical note"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Cedric D.","family":"Shorter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jai Deep","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gale","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center\u2013Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharat","family":"Guthikonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0320008","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"1038","article-title":"Mini-craniotomy for management of CSF otorrhea from tegmen defects","volume":"93","author":"Adkins","year":"1983"},{"key":"b2-0320008","series-title":"Acta Otolaryngol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3109\/00016486509127025","article-title":"Lethal intracranial complications following inflation in the external auditory canal in treatment of serous otitis media and due to defects in the petrous bone","volume":"60","author":"Ahr\u00e9n","year":"1965"},{"key":"b3-0320008","series-title":"Acta Otolaryngol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480410016469","article-title":"Tegmen tympani cerebrospinal fluid leak repair","volume":"124","author":"Bento","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"b4-0320008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"146","article-title":"Use of a novel absorbable hydrogel for augmentation of dural repair: results of a preliminary clinical study","volume":"57","author":"Boogaarts","year":"2005"},{"key":"b5-0320008","series-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1997.01900070093016","article-title":"Prophylactic antibiotics for posttraumatic cerebrospinal fluid fistulae. A meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"Brodie","year":"1997"},{"key":"b6-0320008","series-title":"Am J Otol","first-page":"188","article-title":"Management of complications from 820 temporal bone fractures","volume":"18","author":"Brodie","year":"1997"},{"key":"b7-0320008","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.04.005","article-title":"Polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel dural sealant and collagen dural graft matrix in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery for prevention of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"18","author":"Burkett","year":"2011"},{"key":"b8-0320008","series-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"594","article-title":"Use of duraseal in repair of cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"39","author":"Chin","year":"2010"},{"key":"b9-0320008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2007.106.1.52","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of a novel polyethylene glycol hydrogel sealant for watertight dural repair","volume":"106","author":"Cosgrove","year":"2007"},{"key":"b10-0320008","series-title":"Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2273.2001.00438.x","article-title":"Middle cranial fossa approach for the repair of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea using autologous bone pate","volume":"26","author":"Dutt","year":"2001"},{"key":"b11-0320008","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"635","article-title":"Spontaneous CSF otorrhea from tegmen and posterior fossa defects","volume":"96","author":"Ferguson","year":"1986"},{"key":"b12-0320008","series-title":"J Biomed Mater Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(199824)43:4<428::AID-JBM10>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Bone-Source hydroxyapatite cement: a novel biomaterial for craniofacial skeletal tissue engineering and reconstruction","volume":"43","author":"Friedman","year":"1998"},{"key":"b13-0320008","series-title":"World J Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-001-0059-7","article-title":"Post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage","volume":"25","author":"Friedman","year":"2001"},{"key":"b14-0320008","series-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949009901102","article-title":"Arachnoid granulation cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea","volume":"99","author":"Gacek","year":"1990"},{"key":"b15-0320008","series-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1992.01880030119024","article-title":"Evaluation and management of temporal bone arachnoid granulations","volume":"118","author":"Gacek","year":"1992"},{"key":"b16-0320008","series-title":"Am J Otol","first-page":"405","article-title":"Arachnoid granulations of the temporal bone","volume":"20","author":"Gacek","year":"1999"},{"key":"b17-0320008","series-title":"Am J Otol","first-page":"770","article-title":"Adult spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea: diagnosis and management","volume":"20","author":"Gacek","year":"1999"},{"key":"b18-0320008","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e318157f7b6","article-title":"Spontaneous middle fossa encephalocele and cerebrospinal fluid leakage: diagnosis and management","volume":"28","author":"Gubbels","year":"2007"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 2","key":"b19-0320008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"253","article-title":"Greater superficial petrosal nerve dissection: back to front or front to back?","volume":"64","author":"Jittapiromsak","year":"2009"},{"key":"b20-0320008","series-title":"J Laryngol Otol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100100702","article-title":"Tegmental and petromastoid defects in the temporal bone","volume":"100","author":"Kapur","year":"1986"},{"key":"b21-0320008","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"111","article-title":"Antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients with rhinorrhea or otorrhea: a double-blind study","volume":"6","author":"Klastersky","year":"1976"},{"key":"b22-0320008","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200401000-00005","article-title":"Hydroxyapatite cement in temporal bone surgery: a 10 year experience","volume":"114","author":"Kveton","year":"2004"},{"key":"b23-0320008","series-title":"Am J Otol","first-page":"465","article-title":"Indications for hydroxyapatite cement reconstruction in lateral skull base surgery","volume":"16","author":"Kveton","year":"1995"},{"key":"b24-0320008","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200010000-00016","article-title":"Elimination of temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea using hydroxyapatite cement","volume":"110","author":"Kveton","year":"2000"},{"key":"b25-0320008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000356970.22315.BC","article-title":"Dural augmentation: part I-evaluation of collagen matrix allografts for dural defect after craniotomy","volume":"65","author":"Litvack","year":"2009"},{"key":"b26-0320008","series-title":"Am J Otol","first-page":"461","article-title":"Temporal bone encephalocele and cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"17","author":"Lundy","year":"1996"},{"key":"b27-0320008","series-title":"Skull Base Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1058605","article-title":"Spontaneous CSF leaks from the temporal bone","volume":"7","author":"Mostafa","year":"1997"},{"key":"b28-0320008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.10.JNS08993","article-title":"Collagen matrix duraplasty for posterior fossa surgery: evaluation of surgical technique in 52 adult patients. Clinical article","volume":"111","author":"Narotam","year":"2009"},{"key":"b29-0320008","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.14.2.106","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea","volume":"14","author":"Ommaya","year":"1964"},{"key":"b30-0320008","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2010.05.035","article-title":"Repair of cerebrospinal fluid leak via petrous bone using multilayer technique with hydroxyapatite paste","volume":"74","author":"Ota","year":"2010"},{"key":"b31-0320008","series-title":"Skull Base Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1058944","article-title":"Evaluation and management of spontaneous temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"5","author":"Pappas","year":"1995"},{"key":"b32-0320008","series-title":"Am J Otol","first-page":"534","article-title":"Spontaneous temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leak","volume":"13","author":"Pappas","year":"1992"},{"key":"b33-0320008","series-title":"Skull Base","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1249249","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid leaks of temporal bone origin: selection of surgical approach","volume":"20","author":"Pelosi","year":"2010"},{"key":"b34-0320008","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200301000-00010","article-title":"Management of cerebrospinal fluid leaks involving the temporal bone: report on 92 patients","volume":"113","author":"Savva","year":"2003"},{"key":"b35-0320008","series-title":"J Otolaryngol","first-page":"341","article-title":"Beta-2 transferrin assay in clinical management of cerebral spinal fluid and perilymphatic fluid leaks","volume":"22","author":"Skedros","year":"1993"},{"key":"b36-0320008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/109\/8\/0215","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a collagen matrix for cranial and spinal dural reconstruction using different fixation techniques","volume":"109","author":"Stendel","year":"2008"},{"key":"b37-0320008","series-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1159\/000084306","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid leaks of temporal bone origin: etiology and management","volume":"67","author":"Stenzel","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1 Suppl 1","key":"b38-0320008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ONS182","article-title":"Polyethylene glycol hydrogel dural sealant may reduce incisional cerebrospinal fluid leak after posterior fossa surgery","volume":"63","author":"Than","year":"2008"},{"key":"b39-0320008","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1086\/514666","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis after basilar skull fractures: a meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Villalobos","year":"1998"},{"key":"b40-0320008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.6.JNS081540","article-title":"The safety and effectiveness of a dural sealant system for use with nonautologous duraplasty materials. Clinical article","volume":"112","author":"Weinstein","year":"2010"},{"key":"b41-0320008","series-title":"Skull Base Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1058978","article-title":"Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks in congenital and acquired temporal bone defects-a long-term follow-up","volume":"4","author":"Wiet","year":"1994"},{"key":"b1-0320008","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"1038","article-title":"Mini-craniotomy for management of CSF otorrhea from tegmen defects","volume":"93","author":"Adkins","year":"1983"},{"key":"b2-0320008","series-title":"Acta Otolaryngol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3109\/00016486509127025","article-title":"Lethal intracranial complications following inflation in the external auditory canal in treatment of serous otitis media and due to defects in the petrous bone","volume":"60","author":"Ahr\u00e9n","year":"1965"},{"key":"b3-0320008","series-title":"Acta Otolaryngol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480410016469","article-title":"Tegmen tympani cerebrospinal fluid leak repair","volume":"124","author":"Bento","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"b4-0320008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"146","article-title":"Use of a novel absorbable hydrogel for augmentation of dural repair: results of a preliminary clinical study","volume":"57","author":"Boogaarts","year":"2005"},{"key":"b5-0320008","series-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1997.01900070093016","article-title":"Prophylactic antibiotics for posttraumatic cerebrospinal fluid fistulae. A meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"Brodie","year":"1997"},{"key":"b6-0320008","series-title":"Am J Otol","first-page":"188","article-title":"Management of complications from 820 temporal bone fractures","volume":"18","author":"Brodie","year":"1997"},{"key":"b7-0320008","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.04.005","article-title":"Polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel dural sealant and collagen dural graft matrix in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery for prevention of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"18","author":"Burkett","year":"2011"},{"key":"b8-0320008","series-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"594","article-title":"Use of duraseal in repair of cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"39","author":"Chin","year":"2010"},{"key":"b9-0320008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2007.106.1.52","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of a novel polyethylene glycol hydrogel sealant for watertight dural repair","volume":"106","author":"Cosgrove","year":"2007"},{"key":"b10-0320008","series-title":"Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2273.2001.00438.x","article-title":"Middle cranial fossa approach for the repair of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea using autologous bone pate","volume":"26","author":"Dutt","year":"2001"},{"key":"b11-0320008","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"635","article-title":"Spontaneous CSF otorrhea from tegmen and posterior fossa defects","volume":"96","author":"Ferguson","year":"1986"},{"key":"b12-0320008","series-title":"J Biomed Mater Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(199824)43:4<428::AID-JBM10>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Bone-Source hydroxyapatite cement: a novel biomaterial for craniofacial skeletal tissue engineering and reconstruction","volume":"43","author":"Friedman","year":"1998"},{"key":"b13-0320008","series-title":"World J Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-001-0059-7","article-title":"Post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage","volume":"25","author":"Friedman","year":"2001"},{"key":"b14-0320008","series-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949009901102","article-title":"Arachnoid granulation cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea","volume":"99","author":"Gacek","year":"1990"},{"key":"b15-0320008","series-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1992.01880030119024","article-title":"Evaluation and management of temporal bone arachnoid granulations","volume":"118","author":"Gacek","year":"1992"},{"key":"b16-0320008","series-title":"Am J Otol","first-page":"405","article-title":"Arachnoid granulations of the temporal bone","volume":"20","author":"Gacek","year":"1999"},{"key":"b17-0320008","series-title":"Am J Otol","first-page":"770","article-title":"Adult spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea: diagnosis and management","volume":"20","author":"Gacek","year":"1999"},{"key":"b18-0320008","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e318157f7b6","article-title":"Spontaneous middle fossa encephalocele and cerebrospinal fluid leakage: diagnosis and management","volume":"28","author":"Gubbels","year":"2007"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 2","key":"b19-0320008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"253","article-title":"Greater superficial petrosal nerve dissection: back to front or front to back?","volume":"64","author":"Jittapiromsak","year":"2009"},{"key":"b20-0320008","series-title":"J Laryngol Otol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100100702","article-title":"Tegmental and petromastoid defects in the temporal bone","volume":"100","author":"Kapur","year":"1986"},{"key":"b21-0320008","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"111","article-title":"Antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients with rhinorrhea or otorrhea: a double-blind study","volume":"6","author":"Klastersky","year":"1976"},{"key":"b22-0320008","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200401000-00005","article-title":"Hydroxyapatite cement in temporal bone surgery: a 10 year experience","volume":"114","author":"Kveton","year":"2004"},{"key":"b23-0320008","series-title":"Am J Otol","first-page":"465","article-title":"Indications for hydroxyapatite cement reconstruction in lateral skull base surgery","volume":"16","author":"Kveton","year":"1995"},{"key":"b24-0320008","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200010000-00016","article-title":"Elimination of temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea using hydroxyapatite cement","volume":"110","author":"Kveton","year":"2000"},{"key":"b25-0320008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000356970.22315.BC","article-title":"Dural augmentation: part I-evaluation of collagen matrix allografts for dural defect after craniotomy","volume":"65","author":"Litvack","year":"2009"},{"key":"b26-0320008","series-title":"Am J Otol","first-page":"461","article-title":"Temporal bone encephalocele and cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"17","author":"Lundy","year":"1996"},{"key":"b27-0320008","series-title":"Skull Base Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1058605","article-title":"Spontaneous CSF leaks from the temporal bone","volume":"7","author":"Mostafa","year":"1997"},{"key":"b28-0320008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.10.JNS08993","article-title":"Collagen matrix duraplasty for posterior fossa surgery: evaluation of surgical technique in 52 adult patients. Clinical article","volume":"111","author":"Narotam","year":"2009"},{"key":"b29-0320008","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.14.2.106","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea","volume":"14","author":"Ommaya","year":"1964"},{"key":"b30-0320008","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2010.05.035","article-title":"Repair of cerebrospinal fluid leak via petrous bone using multilayer technique with hydroxyapatite paste","volume":"74","author":"Ota","year":"2010"},{"key":"b31-0320008","series-title":"Skull Base Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1058944","article-title":"Evaluation and management of spontaneous temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"5","author":"Pappas","year":"1995"},{"key":"b32-0320008","series-title":"Am J Otol","first-page":"534","article-title":"Spontaneous temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leak","volume":"13","author":"Pappas","year":"1992"},{"key":"b33-0320008","series-title":"Skull Base","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1249249","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid leaks of temporal bone origin: selection of surgical approach","volume":"20","author":"Pelosi","year":"2010"},{"key":"b34-0320008","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200301000-00010","article-title":"Management of cerebrospinal fluid leaks involving the temporal bone: report on 92 patients","volume":"113","author":"Savva","year":"2003"},{"key":"b35-0320008","series-title":"J Otolaryngol","first-page":"341","article-title":"Beta-2 transferrin assay in clinical management of cerebral spinal fluid and perilymphatic fluid leaks","volume":"22","author":"Skedros","year":"1993"},{"key":"b36-0320008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/109\/8\/0215","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a collagen matrix for cranial and spinal dural reconstruction using different fixation techniques","volume":"109","author":"Stendel","year":"2008"},{"key":"b37-0320008","series-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1159\/000084306","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid leaks of temporal bone origin: etiology and management","volume":"67","author":"Stenzel","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1 Suppl 1","key":"b38-0320008","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ONS182","article-title":"Polyethylene glycol hydrogel dural sealant may reduce incisional cerebrospinal fluid leak after posterior fossa surgery","volume":"63","author":"Than","year":"2008"},{"key":"b39-0320008","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1086\/514666","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis after basilar skull fractures: a meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Villalobos","year":"1998"},{"key":"b40-0320008","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.6.JNS081540","article-title":"The safety and effectiveness of a dural sealant system for use with nonautologous duraplasty materials. Clinical article","volume":"112","author":"Weinstein","year":"2010"},{"key":"b41-0320008","series-title":"Skull Base Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1058978","article-title":"Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks in congenital and acquired temporal bone defects-a long-term follow-up","volume":"4","author":"Wiet","year":"1994"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/32\/6\/2012.4.focus1258.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/32\/6\/2012.4.focus1258.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/32\/6\/2012.4.focus1258.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T08:13:45Z","timestamp":1780128825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/32\/6\/2012.4.focus1258.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2012.4.focus1258","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}}}