{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T17:41:26Z","timestamp":1785519686668,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":210,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Avoidance of facial nerve injury is one of the major goals of vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery because functional deficits of the facial nerve can lead to physical, cosmetic, and psychological consequences for patients. Clinically, facial nerve function is assessed using the House-Brackmann grading scale, which also allows physicians to track the progress of a patient's facial nerve recovery. Because the facial nerve is a peripheral nerve, it has the ability to regenerate, and the extent of its functional recovery depends largely on the location and nature of its injury. In this report, the authors first describe the facial nerve anatomy, the House-Brackmann grading system, and factors known to be predictors of postoperative facial nerve outcome. The mechanisms and pathophysiology of facial nerve injury during VS surgery are then discussed, as well as factors affecting facial nerve regeneration after surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.6.focus12198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T12:14:35Z","timestamp":1346501675000},"page":"E7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Neuroanatomical correlation of the House-Brackmann grading system in the microsurgical treatment of vestibular schwannoma"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Matthew Z.","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Safaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurvinder","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew T.","family":"Parsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0330007","series-title":"Brain Res","first-page":"126","article-title":"Selective reinnervation of somatotopically appropriate muscles after facial nerve transection and regeneration in the neonatal rat","volume":"375","author":"Aldskogius","year":"1986"},{"key":"b2-0330007","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1059","article-title":"Intraoperative continuous monitoring of evoked facial nerve electromyograms in acoustic neuroma surgery","volume":"153","author":"Amano","year":"2011"},{"key":"b3-0330007","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"220","article-title":"Predicting long-term facial nerve outcome after acoustic neuroma surgery","volume":"108","author":"Arriaga","year":"1993"},{"key":"b4-0330007","series-title":"Brain Res Bull","first-page":"195","article-title":"Long-term observation on the changes of somatotopy in the facial nucleus after nerve suture in the cat: morphological studies using retrograde labeling","volume":"49","author":"Asahara","year":"1999"},{"key":"b5-0330007","series-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol","first-page":"117","article-title":"The development of facial motoneurones in the mouse\u2014neuronal death and the innervation of the facial muscles","volume":"77","author":"Ashwell","year":"1983"},{"key":"b6-0330007","series-title":"Disorders of the Facial Nerve: Anatomy, Diagnosis, and Management","first-page":"7","article-title":"The effect of systolic blood pressure on calibrated pressure-induced neuropraxia of the feline facial nerve","author":"Babin","year":"1982"},{"key":"b7-0330007","series-title":"Disorders of the Facial Nerve: Anatomy, Diagnosis, and Management","first-page":"3","article-title":"Bipolar localization of the facial nerve in the internal auditory canal","author":"Babin","year":"1982"},{"key":"b8-0330007","series-title":"Disorders of the Facial Nerve: Anatomy, Diagnosis, and Management","first-page":"17","article-title":"The intratemporal vascular supply of the facial nerve: a light and electron microscopic study","author":"Bagger-Sjoback","year":"1982"},{"key":"b9-0330007","series-title":"Phys Ther","first-page":"1275","article-title":"Neural plasticity: Part 3. 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